| 1. |
- Caltagirone, Luca, 1983, et al.
(author)
-
Lidar–camera semi-supervised learning for semantic segmentation
- 2021
-
In: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, we investigated two issues: (1) How the fusion of lidar and camera data can improve semantic segmentation performance compared with the individual sensor modalities in a supervised learning context; and (2) How fusion can also be leveraged for semi-supervised learning in order to further improve performance and to adapt to new domains without requiring any additional labelled data. A comparative study was carried out by providing an experimental evaluation on networks trained in different setups using various scenarios from sunny days to rainy night scenes. The networks were tested for challenging, and less common, scenarios where cameras or lidars individually would not provide a reliable prediction. Our results suggest that semi-supervised learning and fusion techniques increase the overall performance of the network in challenging scenarios using less data annotations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ekstrand, Eva-Maria, 1985-, et al.
(author)
-
Methane potentials and organic matter characterization of wood fibres from pulp and paper mills : The influence of raw material, pulping process and bleaching technique
- 2020
-
In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 143
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the process of pulp- and papermaking, large volumes of fibre-rich primary sludge are generated. Anaerobic digestion of primary sludge offers a substantial potential for methane production as an alternative approach to the inefficient energy recoveries by commonly used incineration techniques. However, a systematic study of the importance of upstream process techniques for the methane potential of pulp fibres is lacking. Therefore, biochemical methane potentials were determined at mesophilic conditions for 20 types of fibres processed by a variety of pulping and bleaching techniques and from different raw materials. This included fibres from kraft, sulphite, semi-chemical, chemical thermo-mechanical (CTMP) and thermo-mechanical pulping plants and milled raw wood. The pulping technique was clearly important for the methane potential, with the highest potential achieved for kraft and sulphite fibres (390–400 Nml CH4 g VS−1). For raw wood and CTMP, hardwood fibres gave substantially more methane than the corresponding softwood fibres (240 compared to 50 Nml CH4 g VS−1 and 300 compared to 160 Nml CH4 g VS−1, respectively). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the organic content demonstrated that the relative lignin content of the fibres was an important factor for methane production, and that an observed positive effect of bleaching on the methane potential of softwood CTMP fibres was likely related to a higher degree of deacetylation and improved accessibility of the hemicellulose. In conclusion, fibres from kraft and sulphite pulping are promising substrates for methane production irrespective of raw material or bleaching, as well as fibres from CTMP pulping of hardwood.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hsieh, W. C., et al.
(author)
-
PTPN2 links colonic and joint inflammation in experimental autoimmune arthritis
- 2020
-
In: Jci Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 5:20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Loss-of-function variants of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) enhance risk of inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis; however, whether the association between PTPN2 and autoimmune arthritis depends on gut inflammation is unknown. Here we demonstrate that induction of subclinical intestinal inflammation exacerbates development of autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice. Ptpn2-haploinsufficient SKG mice - modeling human carriers of disease-associated variants of PTPN2 - displayed enhanced colitis-induced arthritis and joint accumulation of Tregs expressing RAR-related orphan receptor gamma T (ROR-gamma t) - a gut-enriched Treg subset that can undergo conversion into FoxP3 IL-17(+) arthritogenic exTregs. SKG colonic Tregs underwent higher conversion into arthritogenic exTregs when compared with peripheral Tregs, which was exacerbated by haploinsufficiency of Ptpn2. Ptpn2 haploinsufficiency led to selective joint accumulation of ROR gamma t-expressing Tregs expressing the colonic marker G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) in arthritic mice and selectively enhanced conversion of GPR15(+). Tregs into exTregs in vitro and in vivo. Inducible Treg-specific haploinsufficiency of Ptpn2 enhanced colitis-induced SKG arthritis and led to specific joint accumulation of GPR15(+). exTregs. Our data validate the SKG model for studies at the interface between intestinal and joint inflammation and suggest that arthritogenic variants of PTPN2 amplify the link between gut inflammation and arthritis through conversion of colonic Tregs into exTregs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Wen, Y. T., et al.
(author)
-
RPTP? phosphatase activity is allosterically regulated by the membrane-distal catalytic domain
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 295:15, s. 4923-4936
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase ? (RPTP?) is an important positive regulator of SRC kinase activation and a known promoter of cancer growth, fibrosis, and arthritis. The domain structure of RPTPs comprises an extracellular region, a transmembrane helix, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains referred to as D1 and D2. The D2 domain of RPTPs is believed to mostly play a regulatory function; however, no regulatory model has been established for RPTP?-D2 or other RPTP-D2 domains. Here, we solved the 1.8 ? resolution crystal structure of the cytoplasmic region of RPTP?, encompassing D1 and D2, trapped in a conformation that revealed a possible mechanism through which D2 can allosterically inhibit D1 activity. Using a D2-truncation RPTP? variant and mutational analysis of the D1/D2 interfaces, we show that D2 inhibits RPTP? phosphatase activity and identified a (PFTP408)-P-405 motif in D1 that mediates the inhibitory effect of D2. Expression of the gain-of-function F406A/T407A RPTP? variant in HEK293T cells enhanced SRC activation, supporting the relevance of our proposed D2-mediated regulation mechanism in cell signaling. There is emerging interest in the development of allosteric inhibitors of RPTPs but a scarcity of validated allosteric sites for RPTPs. The results of our study not only shed light on the regulatory role of RPTP-D2 domains, but also provide a potentially useful tool for the discovery of chemical probes targeting RPTP? and other RPTPs.
|
|
