| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Nylander, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
-
A comparison of microwave irradiation and decapitation. Basal levels of dynorphin and enkephalin peptides and the effect of morphine treatment on dynorphin peptides
- 1997
-
In: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 31:4, s. 357-365
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Opioid peptides were analysed in tissue extracts of various brain structures and the pituitary gland from rats sacrificed by microwave irradiation, and compared with peptide levels in tissue extracts from decapitated rats. Dynorphin A, dynorphin B and Leu-enkephalinArg6, derived from prodynorphin, and Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 from proenkephalin, were measured. Basal immunoreactive levels of dynorphin A and B were consistently higher in extracts from microwave-irradiated rats, whereas in these extracts immunoreactive levels of Leu-enkephalinArg6, an endogenous metabolite of dynorphin peptides, were either lower than, the same as or higher than in decapitated rats. Immunoreactive levels of Met-enkephalinArg6Phe7 were higher in microwave-irradiated rats. Effects of morphine treatment on prodynorphin peptide levels were evaluated and compared with previous findings in decapitated rats. Dynorphin immunoreactive levels were higher in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of morphine-tolerant rats than in corresponding areas in saline-treated rats. These results indicate tissue-specific metabolism of prodynorphin peptides and show that metabolism of opioid peptides occurs during the dissection procedure after decapitation of the rat even though precautions are taken to minimize degradation.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Tan No, K, et al.
(author)
-
Intrathecal administration of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or phosphoramidon/bestatin-combined induces antinociceptive effects through different opioid mechanisms
- 1998
-
In: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 32:5, s. 411-415
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antinociceptive effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered protease inhibitors was tested against capsaicin (800 ng) injected into the dorsal surface of a hindpaw. Both p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (2-8 nmol), a cysteine protease inhibitor, and phosphoramidon (1-4 nmol), an endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor in the presence of bestatin (0.25 nmol) an aminopeptidase inhibitor, administered i.t. 60 min prior to the injection of capsaicin produced a dose-dependent reduction of the capsaicin-induced paw licking and biting response. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate (4 nmol)-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by nor-binaltorphimine, a selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, but not by naltrindole, a selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist. On the other hand, phosphoramidon (4 nmol) /bestatin-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by naltrindole, but not by nor-binaltorphimine. The results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate may be due to the inhibition of a cysteine protease degrading endogenous dynorphins whereas phosphoramidon in the presence of bestatin blocks the degradation of enkephalins.
|
|
| 7. |
- Tan, X.C., et al.
(author)
-
Buckling of slender string in cylindrical tube under axial load : experiments and theoretical analysis
- 1995
-
In: Experimental mechanics. - 0014-4851 .- 1741-2765. ; 35:1, s. 55-60
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Laboratory buckling tests of strings was reported and the results were compared with theoretical formulas. The findings implied that the process of string buckling can be divided into two stages, specifically plane buckling and spatial buckling. In the spatial buckling, the string-buckling configuration can be illustrated by helical buckling theories. The friction between the string and the wall of the confining tube rendered an irregular buckling shape and prohibited further buckling at some critical loads. The buckling theories do not account for this effects. Thus, an approximate formula for estimating the friction force was proposed, which provided more exact results.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
