| 1. |
- Agama-Acevedo, Edith, et al.
(author)
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Dietary fiber content, texture, and in vitro starch digestibility of different white bread crusts
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210. ; 89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different types of white bread are sold and widely consumed worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the starch digestibility in the crust of different white breads. Three popular commercial white breads were analyzed for dietary fiber (DF), thermal properties, texture, starch hydrolysis and resistant starch (RS) contents, in freshly baked and stored samples. The DF content in fresh crusts “as eaten” (6.8–7.2%) represents about 25% of the recommended daily consumption. The hardness and elasticity, RS and DF contents increased upon storage, associated with incomplete starch gelatinization and retrogradation, corroborated by the thermal analysis. The hydrolysis rate suggested that the structural arrangement of the starch components in the crust, possibly due to the low water content resulting from evaporation during baking and upon storage, restricts the susceptibility to digestive enzymes action. Consumption of bread crust may be suggested as a means to increase the DF intake.
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| 2. |
- Agama-Acevedo, Edith, et al.
(author)
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Unripe plantain flour as a dietary fiber source in gluten-free spaghetti with moderate glycemic index
- 2019
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In: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0145-8892 .- 1745-4549. ; 43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gluten-free products generally have low dietary fiber (DF) content. The aim of this study was to prepare a DF-rich gluten-free spaghetti and to evaluate the influence of the DF source on the chemical composition, cooking quality, texture, starch digestibility, and predicted glycemic index of the product. Unripe plantain flour (UPF) and Hi-Maize 260 were used as DF sources. The total DF in the uncooked samples was higher in the spaghetti with Hi-Maize 260 (17.4%) than in the UPF-containing one (9.6%), but no difference was observed between the two kinds of pastas (31%). Spaghetti with UPF showed shorter cooking time and lower cooking loss than the Hi-Maize 260-based sample. Microscopy observations revealed the presence of central zones containing ungelatinized starch granules. The predicted glycemic index of both spaghetti preparations was similar (66) and typical of medium GI products. UPF may be used as DF source in gluten-free pasta. Practical applications: Unripe plantain flour (UPF) is a source of indigestible carbohydrates (dietary fiber), including resistant starch. The consumption of starchy foods, like spaghetti, produce glucose peaks that are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Spaghetti with moderate glycemic index can be elaborate with the blend of other gluten-free flours as chickpea and maize. The study showed the factibility of UPF as source of dietary fiber in a gluten-free spaghetti at a lower cost than the commercial source (Hi-Maize 260).
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| 3. |
- Balderas Arroyo, Claudia, et al.
(author)
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A randomized trial involving a multifunctional diet reveals systematic lipid remodeling and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in middle aged to aged adults
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Nutrition. - 2296-861X. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A multifunctional diet (MFD) combining foods and ingredients with proven functional properties, such as fatty fish and fiber-rich foods, among others, was developed and shown to markedly reduce cardiometabolic risk-associated factors.OBJECTIVE: Here, we aim at examining metabolic physiological changes associated with these improvements.METHODS: Adult overweight individuals without other risk factors were enrolled in an 8-week randomized controlled intervention following a parallel design, with one group ( n = 23) following MFD and one group ( n = 24) adhering to a control diet (CD) that followed the caloric formula (E%) advised by the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations. Plasma metabolites and lipids were profiled by gas chromatography and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Weight loss was similar between groups. The MFD and CD resulted in altered levels of 137 and 78 metabolites, respectively. Out of these, 83 were uniquely altered by the MFD and only 24 by the CD. The MFD-elicited alterations in lipid levels depended on carbon number and degree of unsaturation.CONCLUSION: An MFD elicits weight loss-independent systematic lipid remodeling, promoting increased circulating levels of long and highly unsaturated lipids.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02148653?term=NCT02148653&draw=2&rank=1, NCT02148653.
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| 4. |
- Barjuan Grau, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Oat arabinoxylans and their potential glycemic index-lowering role: an in vitro study
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Food Properties. - 1532-2386. ; 26:1, s. 1815-1821
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal crop rich in dietary fibers, which are generally considered beneficial for human health. The objective of this work was to investigate the in vitro starch digestibility-reducing effect of the flour of a high arabinoxylan (AX) content (6.1%) oat line obtained from a random mutagenized oat population, compared to the original variety as a reference. The effect of the oat flours was tested on gelatinized potato starch as a dietary starch model, using a digestion dialysis method to calculate the predicted Glycaemic Index (pGI). The high AX flour reduced the potato starch pGI to larger extent than the flour from the original line. The pGI-lowering effect of the AX in the mutant line was confirmed by its attenuation following pre-treatment of the flour with xylanase. The larger pGI-lowering effect of the high AX oat line suggested this type of mutant as a potential functional food/ingredient for better management of postprandial glycemic responses.
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| 5. |
- Bello-Perez, Luis A., et al.
(author)
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A cooked pasta matrix high in dietary fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity using decocted Hibiscus calyces
- 2024
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In: Journal of Cereal Science. - 0733-5210. ; 118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this work was to produce a gluten-containing food matrix (pasta) rich in dietary fiber (DF), polyphenols, and antioxidant activity, through partial substitution with a dry flour from decocted Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces. The food matrix was made by mixing semolina (75%) and decocted calyces flour (25%) (S75–HF25), and its proximate composition, polyphenols content, antioxidant capacity, and starch hydrolysis rate were evaluated. The dietary fiber (DF) content (18.7 g/100g, dry basis, db) in the S75–HF25 pasta was markedly higher than in semolina control pasta (5.0 g/100g, db). Cooking the S75–HF25 pasta decreased the extractable polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity measured with DPPH, while enhancing the ABTS + antioxidant value. The cooked pasta showed an “as eaten” DF content of 34.7 g/100g, which was higher than in semolina pasta (6.7 g/100g). The starch hydrolysis rate of the composite pasta was reduced compared to the semolina pasta. The resistant starch content in the composite pasta was around 60% higher than the semolina pasta. The high DF content in the decocted calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. helps to retain the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the cooked pasta food matrix.
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| 6. |
- Bello-Pérez, Luis A., et al.
(author)
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Starch digestibility: past, present and future
- 2020
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In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 1097-0010 .- 0022-5142. ; 100, s. 5009-5016
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the last century, starch present in foods was considered to be completely digested. However, during the 1980s, studies on starch digestion started to show that besides digestible starch, which could be rapidly ors lowly hydrolysed, there was a variable fraction that resisted hydrolysis by digestive enzymes. That fraction was named resistant starch (RS )and it encompasses those forms of starch that are not accessible to human digestive enzymes but can be fermented by the colonic microbiota, producing short-chain fatty acids. RS has been classified into five types, depending on the mechanism governing its resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Early research on RS was focused on the methods to determine its content in foods and its physiological effects, including fermentability in the large intestine. Later on, due to the interest of the food industry, methods to increase the RS content of isolated starches were developed. Nowadays, the influence of RS on the gut microbiota is a relevant research topic owing to its potential health-related benefits. This review summarizes over 30 years of investigation on starch digestibility, its relationship with human health, the methods to produce RS and its impact on the microbiome.
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| 7. |
- Bello-Pérez, Luis A., et al.
(author)
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Whole Unripe Plantain Flour as Unconventional Carbohydrate Source to Prepare Gluten-Free Pasta with High Dietary Fiber Content and Reduced Starch Hydrolysis
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In: Starch/Staerke. - 0038-9056.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of non-starch polysaccharides of whole unripe plantain flour (WUPF) on the starch hydrolysis rate provides information on the potential glycemic impact of the use of this flour to produce gluten-free foods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the non-starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber (DF)) present in the peel of unripe plantain flour on starch digestion, texture, and DF content of laminated pasta. The unripe plantain pulp flour (UPF) is used as a reference. Pasta based on these flours is prepared by sheeting. Proximate composition, cooking quality, texture, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and starch hydrolysis rate of the pasta are evaluated. An appreciable higher DF content is recorded in the cooked WUPF pasta which is associated with the non-starch polysaccharides of the peel. In general, the cooking quality and texture of both pastas are similar, falling within the range considered for good quality pasta. The resistant starch content is higher in the pasta of WUPF. The presence of polyphenols in the cooked WUPF pasta may also contribute to reducing the starch digestion rate. The WUPF can be an alternative to preparing gluten-free pasta with reduced starch hydrolysis and high DF content.
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| 8. |
- Björck, Inger, et al.
(author)
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Food properties affecting the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
- 1994
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 59:3 SUPPL., s. 699-705
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Carbohydrate foods differ considerably in their effects on postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Qualitative differences among starchy foods are particularly intriguing because of the dominance of starch in human diets. This paper focuses on food properties in cereal (eg, pasta, bread, Arepas, and porridge) and legume products (eg, red kidney beans and lentils) that affect metabolic responses to starch. Studies in healthy subjects have found that postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses are greatly affected by food structure. Any process that disrupts the physical or botanical structure of food ingredients will increase the plasma glucose and insulin responses. The glycemic responses to bread products were reduced by the use of ingredients with an intact botanical or physical structure or a high amylose content or by enrichment with viscous dietary fiber. However, the important of a moderate increase in the amylose-amylopectin ratio and the naturally occurring levels of viscous cereal fiber is less clear. The rate of starch digestion in vitro was shown to be a key determinant of metabolic responses to most products. Assuming the sample preparation mimics chewing, in vitro enzymic procedures can be used to facilitate ranking. One such procedure, based on chewed rather than artificially disintegrated products, was recently developed and correlates well with glycemic and insulinemic indixes for several starchy foods.
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| 9. |
- Blancas-Benitez, Francisco J., et al.
(author)
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Indigestible fraction of guava fruit : Phenolic profile, colonic fermentation and effect on HT-29 cells
- 2022
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In: Food Bioscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4292. ; 46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Guava fruit is rich in phenolic compounds (PCs), whose metabolic fate has not been explored. Non-digestible carbohydrates and PCs in whole guava (WG) and seedless guava (SG) were submitted to an in vitro colonic fermentation, followed by evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of the fermentation extracts in HT-29 cancer cell lines. The main PCs in both samples were (+)-gallocatechin and gallic acid, while procyanidin B was the most abundant one associated with soluble indigestible fraction and quercetin predominated in the insoluble indigestible fraction. The fermentability index at 24 h was 78.84% in WG and 84.74% for SG, near to the value for raffinose used as reference, with butyric acid as the main short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced. The greatest antiproliferative effects were observed in the SG at 12 h of fermentation and WG at 24 h of fermentation. These results allow to suggest consumption of guava fruit, either with or without seeds, as a feasible way to maintain colonic health.
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| 10. |
- Camelo-Méndez, Gustavo A., et al.
(author)
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Functional study of raw and cooked blue maize flour : Starch digestibility, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity
- 2017
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In: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210. ; 76, s. 179-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of blue maize (BM) (Zea mays L.) flour and to investigate the effects of polyphenol-containing extracts and BM wholegrain flour on starch digestion under uncooked and cooked conditions; commercial white maize flour was used as control. Total phenolic content in BM flour (BMF) (164 ± 14 mg gallic acid/g of dry matter) was higher than white maize (127 ± 7 mg gallic acid/g of dry matter), and the presence of anthocyanins (2.0 ± 0.5 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g) was detected. Also, an important scavenging activity against ABTS (2,2’-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ferric reducing power (FRAP) was determined. Extracts of BMF reduced amylase activity (>90% of inhibition). BMF showed higher slowly digestible and resistant starch contents, thus exhibiting lower predicted glycemic index than white maize. Total anthocyanins (r = −0.89 and r = −0.79, p<0.05), antioxidant capacity (r = −0.86 and r = −0.96, p<0.05), total starch (r = 0.99 and 0.92, p<0.05) and resistant starch content (r = −0.99 and r = −0.92, p<0.05) were correlated with pGI for uncooked and cooked flours, respectively. These results indicate the potential use of BMF and its phenolic-rich extract as functional ingredients to develop antioxidant and indigestible carbohydrate-rich foods with potential health benefits.
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