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- Wänström, Johan, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Riskfyllda beslut? : Skolnedläggelsers avtryck i kommunala valresultat
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I diskussioner med kommunföreträdare framkommer ofta berättelser och farhågor kopplade till kommunala skolnedläggelser. Det finns en allmän uppfattning om att skolnedläggelser ofta utvecklas till besvärliga situationer som inte sällan påverkar det styrande partiets resultat negativt i det efterkommande valet till kommunfullmäktige.Vi har därför studerat valresultaten från valen till kommunfullmäktige 2006 och 2010 i 46 av det Nationella kommunforskningsprogrammets 47 medlemskommuner (Stockholm är inte med i materialet). Vi har jämfört valresultaten för det styrande partiet (det parti som innehar kommunstyrelseordförandeposten) samt det största oppositionspartiet i de kommuner som lagt ner åtminstone en grundskola under de aktuella mandatperioderna med valresultaten i de kommuner som inte har lagt ner några grundskolor.De genomsnittliga förändringarna i valresultaten i de kommuner som lagt ner skolor skiljer sig inte från de kommuner som inte lagt ner någon skola. Det finns heller inga statistiska belägg i studien för att det spelar någon roll om beslut om skolnedläggelser fattas tidigt eller sent under en mandatperiod; om skolan ligger i tätort eller på landsbygden; om kommunen är stor eller liten samt om det är en eller flera skolor som läggs ner.Trots att det är betydligt vanligare att socialdemokratiska styren tar beslut om skolnedläggelser än borgerliga styren finns det heller inget som tyder på att partifärgen spelar någon roll för relation mellan beslut om nedläggelse och valresultat. De här slutsatserna avspeglas även i att andelen maktskiften t. o. m. är lägre i kommuner som lagt ner skolor än i de som inte lagt ner några skolor.Istället stödjer studien tidigare forskning som pekar på att förändringar i nationella väljaropinioner, såsom uttryckt i resultaten i riksdagsvalet, har stor påverkan på valen till kommunfullmäktigen samt att enskilda sakfrågor från den gångna mandatperioden sällan gör några stora avtryck i de efterkommande valresultaten.
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| 2. |
- Ang, SiewChing, et al.
(author)
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The Flynn Effect within subgroups in the US : Gender, race, income, education, and urbanization differences in the NLSY-Children data
- 2010
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In: Intelligence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 38:4, s. 367-384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the Flynn Effect has been studied widely across cultural, geographic, and intellectual domains, and many explanatory theories have been proposed, little past research attention has been paid to subgroup differences. Rodgers and Wanstrom (2007) identified an aggregate-level Flynn Effect (FE) at each age between 5 and 13 in the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSYC) PIAT-Math data. FE patterns were not obtained for Reading Recognition, Reading Comprehension, or Digit Span, consistent with past FE research suggesting a closer relationship to fluid intelligence measures of problem solving and analytic reasoning than to crystallized measures of verbal comprehension and memory. These prior findings suggest that the NLSYC data can be used as a natural laboratory to study more subtle FE patterns within various demographic subgroups. We test for subgroup Flynn Effect differences by gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education, household income, and urbanization. No subgroups differences emerged for three demographic categories. However, children with more educated (especially college educated) mothers and/or children born into higher income households had an accelerated Flynn Effect in their PIAT-M scores compared to cohort peers with lower educated mothers or lower income households. We interpret both the positive and the null findings in relation to previous theoretical explanations.
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| 3. |
- Fackle-Fornius, Ellinor, et al.
(author)
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Construction of Minimax Designs for the Trinomial Spike Model in Contingent Valuation Experiments
- 2013
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In: mODa 10 – Advances in Model-Oriented Design and Analysis. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783319002170 ; , s. 63-72
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper concerns design of contingent valuation experiments when interest is in knowing whether respondents have positive willingness to pay and if so, if they are willing to pay a certain amount for a specified good. A trinomial spike model is used to model the response. Locally D- and c-optimal designs are derived and it is shown that any locally optimal design can be deduced from the locally optimal design for the case when one of the model parameters is standardized. It is demonstrated how information about the parameters, e.g. from pilot studies, can be used to construct minimax and maximin efficient designs, for which the best guaranteed value of the criterion function or efficiency function is sought under the assumption that the parameter values are within certain regions. The proposed methodology is illustrated in an application where the value of environmentally friendly produced clothes is evaluated.
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| 4. |
- Fackle-Fornius, Ellinor, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Minimax D-optimal designs of contingent valuation experiments : willingness to pay for environmentally friendly clothes
- 2014
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In: Journal of Applied Statistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0266-4763 .- 1360-0532. ; 41:4, s. 895-908
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper demonstrates how to plan a contingent valuation experiment to assess the value of ecologically produced clothes. First, an appropriate statistical model (the trinomial spike model) that describes the probability that a randomly selected individual will accept any positive bid, and if so, will accept the bid A, is defined. Secondly, an optimization criterion that is a function of the variances of the parameter estimators is chosen. However, the variances of the parameter estimators in this model depend on the true parameter values. Pilot study data are therefore used to obtain estimates of the parameter values and a locally optimal design is found. Because this design is only optimal given that the estimated parameter values are correct, a design that minimizes the maximum of the criterion function over a plausable parameter region (i.e. a minimax design) is then found.
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| 5. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Midlife outcomes of educationally underachieving swedish adolescents with above average generalized intelligence
- 2014
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In: Research in Human Development. - : Psychology Press. - 1542-7609 .- 1542-7617. ; 11:3, s. 217-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some people will follow a different educational path despite having the intellectual ability to do well in school. This study explored how educational achievers and underachievers were different from each other in middle adulthood as well as examined which individual and contextual factors in adolescence were important to educational underachievement in middle adulthood. Participants are a school cohort followed from age 10 to middle adulthood (N = 1,326) and are from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled Individual Development and Adaptation. This study focuses on a subgroup of Individual Development and Adaptation participants (n = 304) with above average intelligence (Mean IQ = 119.39, SD = 5.97). Study findings showed that a minority of adolescents in the study focal group (26%) did not complete high school, and women were more likely to educationally underachieve than men. A simultaneous multilevel logistic regression, with school class accounted for in the analysis, showed that for those of above average intelligence parents' socioeconomic status and school grades were the strongest predictors of educational attainment. Finally, in midlife, underachievers had lower incomes and occupational levels, drank less frequently, and rated their health as worse than achievers. Study implications are discussed in terms of ways to advance the field of gifted underachievement and in relation to Swedish gifted educational policy.
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