| 1. |
- Aas, T. H., et al.
(author)
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Outbound open innovation in tourism : Lessons from an innovation project in Norway
- 2021
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In: Managing Open Service Innovation. - : World Scientific. - 9789811234491 - 9789811234484 ; , s. 167-185
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The concept of open innovation was introduced by Henry Chesbrough in 2003 and refers to firms' use of inflows and outflows of knowledge to improve innovation processes. The concept has received considerable scholarly attention, but most research has focused on how manufacturing firms can manage inflows of knowledge during their product innovation processes. How outflows of knowledge can be managed by service firms during their innovation processes has until now not received the same scholarly attention. In this chapter, we therefore aim to contribute in filling this knowledge gap by observing an innovation project in tourism during its implementation. The findings suggested that tourism firms reveal different types of knowledge to other tourism firms in non-pecuniary outbound open innovation processes. In this case the knowledge was revealed in joint workshops where several firms participated and in bi-lateral meetings between two firms, and sometimes the knowledge was transferred via consultants or researchers that acted as "knowledge mediators". The findings also suggested that tourism firms decided to reveal knowledge to other firms to improve their image, increase the market size and to sharpen up their own business. Implications for management as well as the need for further research are discussed in the chapter.
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| 2. |
- Ahlin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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IoT for Health and Well-being : A case study and call for action
- 2023
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In: PETRA '23: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9798400700699 ; , s. 465-467
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this short paper we describe the implementation of an IoT test-bed in an elementary school. We argue that by adding additional IoT senors to an existing IoT system it is possible to evolve an indoor climate control system into a indoor milieu control system aimed at improving the health and well-being for both pupils and staff who spend their days working in the school environment. Lastly, we call for multidisciplinary action as the domain IoT for health and well-being spans across several different knowledge domains.
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| 3. |
- Ahlin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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IoT in Elementary School for Everyone – A Research Plan
- 2022
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In: Challenges of Trustable AI and Added-Value on Health. - : IOS Press. - 9781643682846 - 9781643682853 ; , s. 955-956
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a tentative research plan to increase students’ mental healthin elementary schools by implementing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Theresearch plan should answer how to support students’ mental health using IoTsolutions and the critical factors influencing testbeds for IoT solutions with thepreviously mentioned purpose. Our intended research method is Design Science,which we plan to use stepwise.
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| 4. |
- Alaqra, Ala Sarah
(author)
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Tinkering the Wicked Problem of Privacy : Design Challenges and Opportunities for Crypto-based Services
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Data privacy has been growing in importance in recent years, especially with the constant increase of online activity. Consequently, researchers study, design, and develop solutions aimed at enhancing users' data privacy. The wicked problem of data privacy is a dynamic challenge that defies straightforward solutions. Since there are many factors involved in data privacy, such as technological, legal, and human aspects, we can only aim at mitigating rather than solving this wicked problem.Our aim was to explore challenges and opportunities with a focus on human aspects for designing usable crypto-based privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs). Mainly, there were three PETs in the cloud context included in our studies: malleable signatures, secret sharing, and homomorphic encryption. Based on the three PETs, services were developed within European research projects that were the scope of our user studies. We followed a user-centered design approach by using empirical qualitative and quantitative means for collecting study data. Our results and tinkering conveyed (i) analysis of different categories of user's perspectives, mental models, and trade-offs, (ii) user requirements for PET services, and (iii) user interface design guidelines for PET services. In our contributions, we highlight considerations and guidelines for supporting the design of future solutions.
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| 5. |
- Bäccman, Charlotte, Lektor, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Motivational intermissions : Optimizing fitness technology for the co-creation of motivation
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the QUIS17 – The 17th International Research Symposium on Service Excellence in Management. - : Universitat Politècnica de València. - 9788413960197 ; , s. 28-36
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study focuses on how fitness technology services can be designed in order to support the co-creation of motivation to sustain a healthy behavior. The study used an exploratory qualitative design in which we interviewed eight seasoned runners about their running routines and their use of fitness trackers. The result shows that the fitness routines require careful planning and deliberation, and that the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle relies more on what happens between the activities than during said activity. Thus, fitness trackers should focus on feedback that allows users to co-create motivation during intermissions between health promoting behaviors.
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| 6. |
- Bäccman, Charlotte, Lektor, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Personalized Coaching via Texting for Behavior Change to Understand a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention in a Naturalistic Setting : Mixed Methods Study
- 2023
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In: JMIR Formative Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 2561-326X. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Digital health interventions, such as personalized SMS coaching, are considered affordable and scalable methods to support healthy lifestyle changes. SMS, or texting, is a readily available service to most people in Sweden, and personalizedSMS coaching has shown great promise in supporting behavior changes.Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of highly personalized SMS coaching for behavior change according to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) model on a sample of physically inactive adults in a nonprofit fitness organization in Sweden.Methods: The study used a mixed methods design in which clients acted as their own controls. The participants were clients(n=28) and fitness consultants (n=12). Three types of data were collected: (1) quantitative data at baseline and after the SMS intervention and the waitlist from the clients, (2) qualitative data from semistructured interviews with the fitness consultants, and(3) pseudonymized texting conversations between the fitness consultants and clients.Results: Overall, the results showed that personalized SMS coaching was effective in supporting the clients’ behavior changes. The quantitative analysis showed how the clients’ capabilities (Cohen d=0.50), opportunities (Cohen d=0.43), and relationship with the fitness consultants (Cohen d=0.51) improved during the SMS intervention in comparison with baseline. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis revealed how personalized texts added value to existing work methods (eg, increasing continuity and flexibility) and how the relationship between the clients and fitness consultants changed during the intervention, which helped motivate the clients.Conclusions: Personalized SMS coaching is an effective method for supporting healthy behavior changes. The human connection that emerged in this study needs to be further explored to fully understand the effectiveness of a digital health intervention.
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| 7. |
- Bäccman, Charlotte, Lektor, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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The use of fitness-trackers and the role of motivational intermissions to maintain healthy behaviors : an explorative case study on runners
- 2022
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In: South Florida Journal of Development. - : South Florida Publishing LLC. - 2675-5459. ; 3:6, s. 6629-6650
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores a user perspective on fitness-trackers and how they are used to maintain healthy behaviors; and how fitness trackers could be designed to better maintain healthy behaviors. A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcriptions from semi-structured interviews with eight seasoned non-professional runners who regularly used fitness trackers in their exercise regime. The main findings are: (a) the maintenance of healthy behaviors rely more on what happens in the intermission – that is, between healthy behaviors – than during the actual behavior itself; and (b), by visualizing the history of healthy behaviors, intermission feedback help motivate the repetition of healthy behavior in a way that mimics broad choice bracketing and behavioral streaks. Thus, fitness-trackers should focus more on the motivational aspects during the intermission between the healthy behaviors rather than encouraging the performance during the target behavior.
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| 8. |
- Högberg, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Herding the Hordes : Using Location-Based Services and Mobile Messaging to Affect Visitor Behavior
- 2020
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In: Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1096-3480 .- 1557-7554. ; 44:5, s. 870-878
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates modes of moving visitors in a tourist location using a location-based service. Two field experiments were conducted at a zoo using real visitors as participants and behavior-based dependent variables. Experiment 1 included 2,618 visitors and investigated whether the amount of rewards, in the form of free spins on a wheel of fortune, would affect the choice to move to this wheel and claim the offered rewards. The choice of using this offer was used as a dependent variable. Experiment 2 included 970 visitors and investigated whether labelling participants with a fitting trait led them to move to a certain location. Geographical data using iBeacon logging was used as the dependent variable. Using chi-square tests for independence, we causally show that both the reward and the label had a positive and significant effect on moving the visitors to the targeted location.
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| 9. |
- Kitkowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(author)
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Barriers to a Well-Functioning Digital Market : Exploring Dark Patterns and How to Overcome Them
- 2022
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In: Human-centricity in a Sustainable Digital Economy. - : University of Hawai'i at Manoa. - 9780998133157 ; , s. 4697-4706
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a well-functioning digital economy, consumers should be able to make autonomous and informed choices, and companies compete fairly. One of the barriers preventing such well-functioning is dark patterns—designs that mislead users into making specific purchase-related choices. In this research, through a qualitative inquiry (expert interviews), we classify dark patterns based on the harmful ways such designs affect the digital market. Moreover, we analyze data using the behavior change framework and illustrate ways to prevent dark patterns and grant consumers greater protection and autonomy. Our exploratory results outline potential solutions policymakers might apply to improve digital market well-functioning.
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| 10. |
- Kitkowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(author)
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Designing for privacy : Exploring the influence of affect and individual characteristics on users’ interactions with privacy policies
- 2023
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In: Computers & security (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4048 .- 1872-6208. ; 134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consenting to digital services’ privacy policies is standard practice. It often occurs at the early stage of interactions with a given service—during the sign-up process. Still, the most common way of acquiring consent from users is through their acknowledgment of policies by ticking a box. Consequently, users consent, mostly blindly, as they are unlikely to review the full text of policies. The current article presents research investigating factors that may impact user interaction with privacy policies, focusing on the underresearched topic of affective states (valence and arousal). The results of an online experiment (N=88) indicate that privacy policy design can elicit specific affective responses and, when accounting for some characteristics of individuals (e.g., personality traits), it can influence users’ attitudes and behaviors. Particularly, the findings show that privacy awareness and willingness to disclose information might be impacted. Additionally, the analysis of collected data suggests significant associations between some personality traits and affective states, as well as a strong relationship between privacy concerns and willingness to disclose information, contradicting the concept of privacy paradox, often discussed in the privacy literature. Moreover, the results of our qualitative inquiry, where the study respondents had a chance to elaborate on their decisions to agree or disagree with the privacy policy by answering an open-ended question, confirm the quantitative findings, and reveal some of the users needs considering the sign-up process.
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