| 1. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(author)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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In: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 2. |
- Brogren, Helén, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Platelets synthesize large amounts of active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- 2004
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In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 104:13, s. 3943-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies have suggested that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) released from platelets convey resistance of platelet-rich blood clots to thrombolysis. However, the majority of PAI-1 in platelets is inactive and therefore its role in clot stabilization is unclear. Because platelets retain mRNA and capacity for synthesis of some proteins, we investigated if platelets can de novo synthesize PAI-1 with an active configuration. PAI-1 mRNA was quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction and considerable amounts of PAI-1 mRNA were detected in all platelet samples. Over 24 hours, the amount of PAI-1 protein as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay increased by 25% (P = .001). Metabolic radiolabeling with (35)S-methionine followed by immunoprecipitation confirmed an ongoing PAI-1 synthesis, which could be further stimulated by thrombin and inhibited by puromycin. The activity of the newly formed PAI-1 was investigated by incubating platelets in the presence of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). This functional assay showed that the majority of the new protein was in an active configuration and could complex-bind tPA. Thus, there is a continuous production of large amounts of active PAI-1 in platelets, which could be a mechanism by which platelets contribute to stabilization of blood clots.
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| 3. |
- Shao, Linus Ruijin, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Increase of SUMO-1 expression in response to hypoxia: direct interaction with HIF-1alpha in adult mouse brain and heart in vivo
- 2004
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In: FEBS letters. - : Wiley. - 0014-5793. ; 569:1-3, s. 293-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates the regulation of small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) expression in response to hypoxia in adult mouse brain and heart. We observed a significant increase in SUMO-1 mRNAs and proteins after hypoxic stimulation in vivo. Because SUMO-1 interacts with various transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1beta (HIF-1beta) in vitro, we not only demonstrated that the HIF-1alpha expression is increased by hypoxia in brain and heart, but also provided evidence that SUMO-1 co-localizes in vivo with HIF-1alpha in response to hypoxia by demonstrating the co-expression of these two proteins in neurons and cardiomyocytes. The specific interaction between SUMO-1 and HIF-1alpha was additionally demonstrated with co-immunoprecipitation. These results indicate that the increased levels of SUMO-1 participate in the modulation of HIF-1alpha function through sumoylation in brain and heart.
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