| 1. |
- Chen, Zeyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in the Tropics despite isolation, inbreeding and asexual reproduction : insights from the genome of the world's southernmost poplar (Populus ilicifolia)
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 103:1, s. 430-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species are becoming extinct at unprecedented rates as a consequence of human activity. Hence it is important to understand the evolutionary dynamics of species with already small population sizes. Populus ilicifolia is a vulnerable poplar species that is isolated from other poplar species and is uniquely adapted to the Tropics. It has a very limited size, reproduces partly clonally and is therefore an excellent case study for conservation genomics. We present here the first annotated draft genome of P. ilicifolia, characterize genome-wide patterns of polymorphisms and compare those to other poplar species with larger natural ranges. P. ilicifolia experienced a more prolonged and severe decline of effective population size (Ne) and signs of genetic erosion than any other poplar species with which it was compared. At present, the species has the lowest genome-wide genetic diversity, the highest abundance of long runs of homozygosity, high inbreeding levels as well as a high overall accumulation of deleterious variants. However, more effective purging of severely deleterious variants and adaptation to the Tropics may have contributed to its survival. Hence, in spite of its limited genetic variation, it is certainly worth pursuing the conservation efforts of this unique species.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Weiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Lane departure warning systems and lane line detection methods based on image processing and semantic segmentation : A review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-7564. ; 7:6, s. 748-774
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the development and application of lane line departure warning systems have been in the market. For any of the systems, the key part of lane line tracking, lane line identification, or lane line departure warning is whether it can accurately and quickly detect lane lines. Since 1990s, they have been studied and implemented for the situations defined by the good viewing conditions and the clear lane markings on road. After then, the accuracy for particular situations, the robustness for a wide range of scenarios, time efficiency and integration into higher-order tasks define visual lane line detection and tracking as a continuing research subject. At present, these kinds of lane marking line detection methods based on machine vision and image processing can be divided into two categories: the traditional image processing and semantic segmentation (includes deep learning) methods. The former mainly involves feature-based and model-based steps, and which can be classified into similarity- and discontinuity-based ones; and the model-based step includes different parametric straight line, curve or pattern models. The semantic segmentation includes different machine learning, neural network and deep learning methods, which is the new trend for the research and application of lane line departure warning systems. This paper describes and analyzes the lane line departure warning systems, image processing algorithms and semantic segmentation methods for lane line detection.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fan, Weiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizations of a Food Decapeptide Chelating with Zn(II)
- 2020
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Ingår i: EFOOD. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2666-3066. ; 1:4, s. 326-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walnut proteins and peptides have been reported to have great zinc-carrying activity. In this study, the decapeptide EPNGLLLPQY (WP-10) derived from walnut protein has been prepared to figure out zinc binding mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. The space-conformation of this peptide has converted after being chelated with Zn(II). As to secondary structure, the beta-sheet structure of the peptide turned into alpha-helix and beta-turn structure. According to the atomic absorption spectra analysis, one peptide could bind with one Zn(II) via four different binding sites. The signals of different groups in infrared spectroscopy have shifted before and after chelation, and the major functional groups of this peptide involved in chelation are -NH2 and -C=O. GLU1, PRO2, ASP3, GLU4, and LEU6, and the molecular docking proved their participation in the chelating with Zn(II). (c) 2020 International Association of Dietetic Nutrition and Safety. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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| 5. |
- Weixing, Wang, et al.
(författare)
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Extraction of tunnel center line and cross-sections on fractional calculus, 3D invariant moments and best-fit ellipse
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics and Laser Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0030-3992 .- 1879-2545. ; 128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to measure and analyze the tunnel 3D deformation accurately, effectively and conveniently, we use the 3D point clouds instead of Total station data. A 63.6 m long tunnel was scanned twice by using a Leica C10 laser scanner (max scanning range is 300 m), for each of the scans, to obtain the accurate data and to avoid to having tunnel bending part, we divide the tunnel into five sections for the measurements, and for each measurement, the data is scanned in one station. Since the original data includes some noise, to remove noise in the point clouds, we study a new Fractional calculus template for data smoothing. After that, we propose a new method to extract the tunnel central axis based on the 3D invariant moments, and then the tunnel posture is rotated to make the central axis parallel to the reference direction, which is rotational invariant and repeatable. Based on the central axis in each section, the cross-sections are detected, and the elliptic features of a cross-section are calculated for analyzing the tunnel convergence. To make cross-section measurement rotational invariant, we apply the zeroth, the first and the second moments to obtain major and minor axes through the cross-section center. The experiment results demonstrate that this method can meet the accuracy requirements, and it can be with an accuracy of 2 mm for cross-section measurement. It is useful for tunnel engineering applications both in the tunnel 3D point cloud analysis and 3D information extraction.
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| 6. |
- Yao, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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ADCNN : Towards learning adaptive dilation for convolutional neural networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-3203 .- 1873-5142. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dilated convolution kernels are constrained by their shared dilation, keeping them from being aware of diverse spatial contents at different locations. We address such limitations by formulating the dilation as trainable weights with respect to individual positions. We propose Adaptive Dilation Convolutional Neural Networks (ADCNN), a light-weighted extension that allows convolutional kernels to adjust their dilation value based on different contents at the pixel level. Unlike previous content-adaptive models, ADCNN dynamically infers pixel-wise dilation via modeling feed-forward inter-patterns, which provides a new perspective for developing adaptive network structures other than sampling kernel spaces. Our evaluation results indicate ADCNNs can be easily integrated into various backbone networks and consistently outperform their regular counterparts on various visual tasks.
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| 7. |
- Alseekh, Saleh, et al.
(författare)
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Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics: a guide for annotation, quantification and best reporting practices
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 18:7, s. 747-756
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Perspective, from a large group of metabolomics experts, provides best practices and simplified reporting guidelines for practitioners of liquid chromatography- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches can enable detection and quantification of many thousands of metabolite features simultaneously. However, compound identification and reliable quantification are greatly complicated owing to the chemical complexity and dynamic range of the metabolome. Simultaneous quantification of many metabolites within complex mixtures can additionally be complicated by ion suppression, fragmentation and the presence of isomers. Here we present guidelines covering sample preparation, replication and randomization, quantification, recovery and recombination, ion suppression and peak misidentification, as a means to enable high-quality reporting of liquid chromatography- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics-derived data.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-wide gene-age interaction analysis reveals reversed effects of PRODH DNA methylation on survival between young and elderly early-stage NSCLC patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:11, s. 10642-10662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA methylation changes during aging, but it remains unclear whether the effect of DNA methylation on lung cancer survival varies with age. Such an effect could decrease prediction accuracy and treatment efficacy. We performed a methylation-age interaction analysis using 1,230 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients from five cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients for methylation-age interactions, which were further confirmed in a validation phase. We identified one adenocarcinoma-specific CpG probe, cg14326354PRODH, with effects significantly modified by age (HRinteraction = 0.989; 95% CI: 0.986-0.994; P = 9.18×10-7). The effect of low methylation was reversed for young and elderly patients categorized by the boundary of 95% CI standard (HRyoung = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.26-4.72; P = 8.34×10-3; HRelderly = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.82; P = 1.67×10-3). Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between low cg14326354PRODH methylation and elderly age (HRinteraction = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.11-0.40; P = 2.20×10-6). In summary, low methylation of cg14326354PRODH might benefit survival of elderly lung adenocarcinoma patients, providing new insight to age-specific prediction and potential drug targeting.
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| 9. |
- Gao, Zhaoju, et al.
(författare)
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Short-chain ligand achieves ultra-stable CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots for white light-emitting diodes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 124:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have aroused great research interest in white light-emitting diodes (WLED) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, but the poor stability, caused by dynamically binding long-chain capping ligands, hinders their future practical applications. To address this issue, here, we exploit short-chain butyric acid (BA) to replace long-chain oleic acid (OA) as capping ligand of CsPbX3 PeQDs by a hot-injection method. The addition of BA not only makes the morphology of CsPbBr3 PeQDs uniform and improves the crystallinity but also effectively suppresses nonradiative recombination, achieving a near unit photoluminescence quantum yield of 96%. The BA capped CsPbBr3 PeQDs exhibit high stability up to 180 d stored in ambient environment and also significantly improved resistance against polar solvent, ultra-violet lamp irradiation, and heat, which is rationalized by the strong binding capacity and shortened distance of BA to the PeQDs through ab initio calculations. Furthermore, by combining green-emission CsPbBr3 and red-emission CsPbBr0.8I2.2 PeQDs with blue GaN chip, we achieved WLEDs with excellent luminous properties, showing their great potential in practical application of wide-color-gamut display and lighting.
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| 10. |
- Huang, Jianqing, et al.
(författare)
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A detailed study on the micro-explosion of burning iron particles in hot oxidizing environments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a promising carbon-free fuel, iron powder can directly combust with air and has great potential to provide clean and high-grad heat for various applications. The combustion characteristics of iron particles are of great significance for developing iron combustion model, designing efficient combustor, and optimizing combustion technologies. In this work, the micro-explosion behavior of burning iron particles was experimentally investigated based on optical diagnostics. With two high-speed cameras operating at 10,000 frames per second, the three-dimensional (3D) motion and mean surface temperature of burning iron particles during the micro-explosion process were measured using the stereo imaging technique and two-color pyrometry, respectively. The probability of micro-explosions in different oxidizing environments were statistically studied. Three distinct micro-explosion modes have been observed. The results showed that the micro-explosion of burning iron particles heavily depended on oxygen concentration. The micro-explosion would slightly reduce the particle surface temperature by 30–70 K within 0.5 ms, since a lot of smaller fragments were produced. In addition, the 3D velocity of most fragments would sharply increase to 2–6 times within 0.2 ms after the micro-explosion occurred. Regarding the mechanism of the micro-explosion, three types of potential gas sources inside the particle were discussed. The sharp gradients of gas temperature and oxygen concentration may facilitate the rapid increase of the internal pressure in the particle, which eventually causes the micro-explosion.
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