| 1. |
- Johansson, Maria E I, 1961, et al.
(author)
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) Autistic spectrum disorders in Mobius sequence: a comprehensive study of 25 individuals
- 2001
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In: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 43:5, s. 338-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of autistic disorder was analysed in 25 individuals with Möbius sequence, a disorder with brain-stem dysfunction. The sample consisted of 18 males and seven females (20 participants were aged 2 to 22 years, and five were aged 1, 19 and 23 months, and 55 years old). Participants were recruited after a nationwide call and were part of a multidisciplinary study of individuals with Möbius sequence. They were given a meticulous neuropsychiatric examination including standardized autism diagnostic interviews. Ten individuals had an autistic spectrum disorder. Six of these met all diagnostic criteria for autism. In 23 individuals cognitive development could be assessed. Eight of those 23 patients had clear learning disability and six individuals were functioning in the normal but subaverage range. Autistic spectrum disorder and learning disability occurred in more than a third of the examined patients. Considering the hospital-based nature of the sample, these findings may be overestimates. Nevertheless, awareness of this coexistence is important in the diagnosis and habilitation care of children with Möbius sequence. Moreover, the results provide further support for the notion of a subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders being caused by first trimester brain-stem damage.
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| 2. |
- Strömland, Kerstin, 1934, et al.
(author)
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Mobius sequence--a Swedish multidiscipline study.
- 2002
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In: European Journal of Pediatric Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-3798. ; 6:1, s. 35-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Möbius sequence/syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital palsy of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves. Other cranial nerves may be affected, skeletal and orofacial anomalies and mental retardation occur. The aims were to determine the frequency of associated clinical characteristics and to identify any pregnancy or environmental factors in patients with Möbius sequence. A prospective study of 25 Swedes with apparent involvement of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves was performed and 25 patients, 1 month to 55 years old, were examined. Obvious associated systemic anomalies observed included: limb malformations (10), Poland anomaly (2), hypodontia (7), microglossia (6), cleft palate (4), hearing impairment (5) and external ear malformation (1). Pronounced functional abnormalities were observed involving facial expression (16), speech (13), eating and swallowing (12) and difficulty in sucking in infancy (11). Six patients had an autistic syndrome, one an autistic-like condition, and mental retardation was found in all these patients. No common aetiological cause was found but their mothers' pregnancy histories revealed a history of benzodiazepines (1), bleeding during pregnancy (8), spontaneous abortion (7) and chorion villus sampling in the second month of pregnancy (1). In conclusion, many patients had multiple problems with eating and communication resulting from facial palsy, cleft palate and tongue anomalies. Autism and mental retardation was diagnosed in one-third of the patients. Awareness of the wide spectrum of manifestations in Möbius sequence will assist in identification of the associated malformations and functional problems that are often seen and result in better care of the children.
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| 3. |
- Wentz, Kerstin, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Psychological functioning in women with fibromyalgia: a grounded theory study.
- 2004
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In: Health care for women international. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0739-9332 .- 1096-4665. ; 25:8, s. 702-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to elucidate psychological functioning and psychological processes in women with fibromyalgia. Twenty-one females with fibromyalgia (aged 26-72 years) were interviewed in-depth. The interviews were analysed in line with grounded theory. A core concept, "unprotected self," mirroring childhood conditions and adult psychological functioning, was identified. Intense activity or hypomanic helpfulness often was used as self-regulation in adult life. Later an increased exposure to mental load is accompanied by reduction of cognitive functioning and generalised pain. The phase of persistence of fibromyalgia is marked by reduction of cognitive functions, unprotected psychological functioning, and increased mental load as from crisis and somatic symptoms.
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