1. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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A Prospective Study of ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD, Functional Disability and Quality of Life
- 2018
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: It is unclear if there are differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnoses for PTSD related to type of potential traumatic event (PTE) and patient-reported outcomes.Method: In an ongoing prospective study, 250 participants were assessed with structured clinical interviews for ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD, functional disability (FD) and quality of life (QoL) at the first assessment point (T1). Participants were followed up after six months (T2) with self-rated symptom levels, functional disability (FD), and quality of life (QoL).Results: Interim results (N=184) from T1 indicate that 68% did not fulfil criteria for any PTSD diagnosis. Of those with PTSD, 58% fulfilled criteria for both systems, 13% for ICD-11 only and 31% for DSM-5 only. Fulfilling criteria for both disorders was associated with higher FD and lower QoL at T1. Loss was more common among those fulfilling criteria for DSM-5 only.Conclusions: The concordance between the systems were low, and there were differences regarding event type and outcome. This presentation will discuss these results and present outcomes assessed at T2.Relevance: Knowledge about the differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD specifications are necessary to better understand how these differences influence prevalence rates, diagnostic status, as well as to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
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2. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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An Evaluation of the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule Compared to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale and WHODAS 2.0
- 2016
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) proposes two related diagnoses for posttraumatic symptomatology: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD). The ICD- 11 task force has developed a structured clinical interview, the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule, to assess the presence of the disorders.The ICD-11 proposal differ from the DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis and the divergence between the two may have important consequences for diagnostic assessments. In an ongoing study, 100 participants who have experienced a potentially traumatic event during the past 5 years are recruited via adverts in local media, primary care facilities and outpatient psychiatric care facilities. Participants are interviewed using the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule, the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale (CAPS-5) and the WHODAS 2.0. The aim of this presentation is to evaluate the user experience of the ICD-11 trauma interview schedule. Furthermore, the DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria will be compared regarding rates of PTSD, symptom profiles, functional disability, demographics, and type of trauma. Relevance: Increasing the knowledge about the differences between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnosis of PTSD regarding disease rate and predictive ability will facilitate the transition from ICD-10 to ICD-11 for clinicians and researchers.
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3. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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DSM-5 and ICD-11 symptom profiles in a diverse sample of trauma victims
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Research suggest different trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms over time (e.g., resilient, recovering, and chronic) among survivors from natural disasters. It is not known, however, if disaster survivors present with distinct symptom profiles and, if so, whether these profiles are related to severity, recovery and exposure characteristics.Methods and Results: This study aims to investigate symptom profiles among Swedish survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami using latent profile analysis. Participants include adult survivors who were pulled into the waves and responded to postal surveys 1 and 3 years after the disaster (n=2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The symptom profiles generated from the first year survey will be compared with regard to established predictors of posttraumatic stress, such as disaster exposure, bereavement, perceived social support as well as posttraumatic stress and general distress at three years.Discussion: The presentation will shed light on whether there are distinct symptom profiles among disaster survivors. We will discuss the implications for psychosocial care after natural disasters. The results are relevant for victims of natural disasters in general, and increases knowledge about the characteristics of posttraumatic stress and may improve psychosocial services after traumatic events.
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4. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric Properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in parents to children with burns.
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common problem among parents of children with burns. However, there is a paucity of evaluated screening tools for this population. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), which is recently revised in accordance to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Methods The participating parents (N= 62, mean age= 38) completed self-report questionnaires 0.8-5.6 years after their child’s burn. Measures were the PCL-5 (consisting of four subscales; Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and Arousal and reactivity), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (with three subscales; Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal) and the Perceived Stress Scale. The children had a TBSA burned ranging from 1 to 31 % and were 0.1-15.0 years of age at injury.Results The average PCL-5 scores were low to moderate and indicated that no parent was above the recommended preliminary cut off of 38 for PTSD. Cronbach’s alpha values were acceptable and varied between 0.56 and 0.77 for the four PCL-5 subscales and mean inter-item correlations ranged from 0.22 to 0.73. The PCL-5 subscales were positively correlated with the corresponding IES-R subscales as well as the total PSS score (p<.05). There were no associations between the PCL-5 and burn severity (TBSA, TBSA-FT, and LOS), time since injury, child age or gender, or parent gender. Conclusion In conclusion, the PCL-5 had high internal consistency and evaluation of concurrent validity suggested moderate associations with other measures of traumatic stress and perceived stress as expected. The moderate associations with other measures of stress is to be expected, taking into account the slightly different constructs targeted by the three measures in this study. This first study suggests that the PCL-5 is a psychometrically sound instrument that deserves further evaluation as a screening tool for parents of children with burns.
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5. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Psychometric properties of the Swedish PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).
- 2016
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent changes in the criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder call for new evaluations of tools to assess posttraumatic symptomatology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish PTSD Checklist (PCL-5)1, which was recently revised in accordance to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed2. This poster will present data from an ongoing study with approximately 150 participants who were assessed with rating scales of posttraumatic stress and clinical interviews (CAPS-55 and MINI 6.04). The focus will be on the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 and its relationship to the CAPS-5, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised3, and the MINI. Preliminary results will detail screening and psychometric properties of the PCL-5, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity as well as sensitivity and specificity for PTSD according to CAPS-5. Relevance: Information about the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 is timely and relevant for clinicians. Performance assessments in different countries also provide a basis for future evaluations of cultural invariance of a measure. PTSD poses an on-going and increasing burden on society and documented methods of detection is key to identify individuals in need of further services.
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7. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Screening for chronic PTSD after disasters : The gap between self-reported posttraumatic stress and PTSD cases in psychiatric services
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Screening disaster survivors for mental health problems after initial recovery may detect unrecognized cases of chronic PTSD. This presentation compares published findings of PTSD prevalence after the 2004 tsunami among exposed Swedish adult survivors.Method: Register data were collected for psychiatric diagnoses made in specialized healthcare for 8762 Swedish adults with various levels of disaster exposure. Posttraumatic stress (PTS) was assessed and exposure established for 2268 individuals who filled out the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) in surveys at 1, 3, and 6 years post-disaster. A subset of directly exposed participants (n=142) were assessed for current and post-disaster PTSD with SCID interviews.Results: In the survey sample, 5% of participants reported very high and 11% reported high levels of PTS across all surveys. The post-disaster prevalence of PTSD was 11.3% in the interview sample. In healthcare services, the 5-year incidence was 0.5% for PTSD and 2.1% for any stress-related disorder. Findings suggested that the IES-R possessed good screening properties, e.g., sensitivity ≥ 0.92.Discussion: These studies indicate large differences between the PTS load among survivors and the number of PTSD cases in healthcare services, making a case for individual symptom screening. Yet, screening for chronic PTSD with current methods will yield a substantial numbers of incorrectly classified survivors (640 false positives in this sample), providing challenges to psychosocial follow-up services.Part of symposium: Screening for mental health after trauma in children and adults: importance, instruments, & innovations
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8. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Similarity in symptom patterns of posttraumatic stress among disaster-survivors : a three-step latent profile analysis
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Individuals express symptoms of posttraumatic stress in various ways, noted for example in the many symptom combinations in the diagnostic manuals. Studies aiming to examine differences of symptom presentations by extracting latent classes or profiles indicate both the presence of subtypes with differing symptomatology and subtypes distinguished by severity levels. Few studies have examined subtype associations with long-term outcomes. Objective: The current study aimed to apply latent profile analysis on posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a highly homogenous sample of Swedish tourists exposed to the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami and to examine if classes differed in their long-term outcome. Methods: An latent profile analysis was conducted using self-report data collected one year after the disaster from 1638 highly exposed survivors that endorsed 1 symptom of PTS. Associations were examined between the classes and predictors of PTS (loss of a relative or friend, subjective life threat) and levels of PTS at a three-year follow up. Results: The latent profile analysis indicated four classes: minimal, low, moderate, and severe symptoms. The classes were distinguished mainly by their levels of PTS. Loss of a relative or friend and subjective life threat were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to any other class than the minimal class. The severity level of the classes at one year were predictive of PTS severity at the three-year follow-up. Conclusions: Homogeneous profiles of posttraumatic stress differing mainly in symptom severity were found in this sample of disaster survivors. Profile diversity may be related to sample variation and unmeasured confounders rather than reflect qualitatively different disorders.
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9. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Symptom profiles of posttraumatic stress among Swedish survivors of a natural disaster and their prospective value to long-term distress
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Research suggest different trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms over time (e.g., resilient, recovering, and chronic) among survivors from natural disasters. It is not known, however, if disaster survivors present with distinct symptom profiles and, if so, whether these profiles are related to severity, recovery and exposure characteristics.Methods and Results: This study aims to investigate symptom profiles among Swedish survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami using latent profile analysis. Participants include adult survivors who were pulled into the waves and responded to postal surveys 1 and 3 years after the disaster (n=2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The symptom profiles generated from the first year survey will be compared with regard to established predictors of posttraumatic stress, such as disaster exposure, bereavement, perceived social support as well as posttraumatic stress and general distress at three years.Discussion: The presentation will shed light on whether there are distinct symptom profiles among disaster survivors. We will discuss the implications for psychosocial care after natural disasters. The results are relevant for victims of natural disasters in general, and increases knowledge about the characteristics of posttraumatic stress and may improve psychosocial services after traumatic events.
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10. |
- Bondjers, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Validation of a clinician-administered diagnostic measure of ICD-11 PTSD and Complex PTSD : the International Trauma Interview in a Swedish sample
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The recently published ICD-11 includes substantial changes to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and introduces the diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The International Trauma Interview (ITI) has been developed for clinicians to assess these new diagnoses but has not yet been evaluated.Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the ITI by examining the interrater agreement, latent structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity.Methods: In a prospective study, 186 adults who had experienced a potentially traumatic event were assessed with the ITI and answered questionnaires for symptoms of posttraumatic stress, other psychiatric disorders, functional disability, and quality of life (QoL).Results: The diagnostic rate was 16% for PTSD and 6% for CPTSD. Interrater agreement was satisfactory (α = .76), and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor second-20 order model consistent with the ICD-11 model of CPTSD provided acceptable fit to the data. Composite reliability analysis demonstrated that the ITI possessed acceptable internal reliability, and associations with measures of other psychiatric disorders, insomnia, functional disability, and QoL supported the concurrent validity of the ITI.Conclusion: Swedish ITI shows promise as a clinician-administered instrument to assess and diagnose ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.
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