| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Grahn, Maria, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
Fuel and Vehicle Technology Choices for Passenger Vehicles in Achieving Stringent CO2 Targets: Connections between Transportation and Other Energy Sectors
- 2009
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - 1382-3124. ; 43:9, s. 3365-3371
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The regionalized Global Energy Transition (GET-R 6.0) modelhas been modified to include a detailed description of light-duty vehicle options and used to investigate the potential impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and concentrating solar power (CSP) on cost-effective fuel/vehicle technologies in a carbon-constrained world. Total CO2 emissions were constrained to achieve stabilization at 400-550 ppm, by 2100, at lowest total system cost. The dominant fuel/vehicle technologies varied significantly depending on CO2 constraint, future cost of vehicle technologies, and availability of CCS and CSP. For many cases, no one technology dominated on a global scale. CCS provides relatively inexpensive low-CO2 electricity and heat which prolongs the use of traditional ICEVs. CSP displaces fossil fuel derived electricity, prolongs the use of traditional ICEVs, and promotes electrification of passenger vehicles. In all cases considered, CCS and CSP availability had a major impact on the lowest cost fuel/vehicle technologies, and alternative fuels are needed in response to expected dwindling oil and natural gas supply potential by the end of the century.
|
|
| 3. |
- Grahn, Maria, 1963, et al.
(author)
-
The role of ICEVs, HEVs, PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs in achieving stringent CO2 targets: results from global energy systems modeling
- 2009
-
In: World Electric Vehicle Journal. - : MDPI AG. - 2032-6653. ; 3, s. 1645-1655
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A modified GET model version was used to investigate long-term, cost-effective fuel and vehicle technologies for global passenger transport. The aim was to quantify the potential impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and low CO2 intensity electricity from renewable sources, such as concentrating solar power (CSP), on cost-effective passenger vehicle fuel and technology options necessary to achieve stabilization of atmospheric CO2 at 450 ppm. In addition, the model was used to assess the sensitivity of future vehicle cost assumptions. For all cases investigated, there is no single technology and fuel that dominates throughout the century; instead a variety of fuels and vehicle technologies are important. The availability of CCS and CSP have a substantial impact on cost-effective fuel and technology choices, in general: (i) the introduction of CCS increases the use of coal in the energy system and conventional vehicle technology, (ii) the introduction of CSP reduces the relative cost of electricity in relation to hydrogen and tends to increase the use of electricity for transport, and (iii) the introduction of both CCS and CSP reduces the economic incentives to shift to more advanced vehicle technologies. Varying cost estimates for future vehicle technologies results in large differences in the cost-effective fuel and vehicle technology solutions. For instance, for low battery costs ($150/kWh), electrified powertrains dominate and for higher battery costs ($450/kWh), hydrogen-fueled vehicles dominate, regardless of CCS and CSP availability. The results highlight the importance of a multi-sector approach and the importance of pursuing research and development of multiple fuel and vehicle technologies.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Williander, Mats, 1956, et al.
(author)
-
Going green from the inside: Insider action research in Volvo Car Corporation
- 2006
-
In: Systemic Practice and Action Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-9295 .- 1094-429X. ; 19:3, s. 239-252
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Various forms of action research have been proposed as remedies for the one-sided focus on theoretical interests existing in Business School research. Among other conceptual elaborations, Insider Action Research (IAR) suggests that action research needs to be supported by an insider's view of activities in order to achieve any substantial contribution to practice and theory. Even though the IAR model is potentially capable of overcoming a number of practical, political, and epistemological problems, it has been explored relatively little in terms of practical examples and lessons. This paper presents the account of an Insider Action researcher at the Volvo Car Corporation, aimed at studying the development of environmental strategies and "eco-benign" automobiles "from the inside". The paper suggests that even though IAR remains a promising model, the political ingenuity and savoir-faire of the insider action researcher must not be underrated.
|
|
| 7. |
- Williander, Mats, 1956
(author)
-
On Green Innovation Inertia
- 2006
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A growing number of nations, firms and individuals realize that the current ways in whichproducts are produced, consumed and disposed of is unsustainable. Yet most actors seem toawait options that deliver the needed eco-environmental improvement without requiring anyindividual sacrifices. It is a classic example of the tragedy of the commons, whereindividuals self-interest brings ruin to everyone. It seems that most firms have learnt tobecome efficient in innovating and commercialising as they currently do during a time whensociety did not know of the problems thereby created. Now that knowledge about the negativeexternalities emerges, firm-internal inertia to change has developed. The interdependent webof consumers and supporting infrastructure of products and services in which these firmsoperate seemingly do not encourage them to change, but rather add contextual inertia to thefirm-internal inertia. In this gloomy situation lies, however, also a substantial businessopportunity for firms that can create innovations which do not ask for any individualsacrifices in order to reduce, or perhaps even stop, the eco-environmental degradation.This thesis deals with the prerequisites for successful green innovations in the automotiveindustry by using an insider research approach, enabling an understanding of what factorsconstitute the firm-internal inertia to green innovations and a quest for clues about how tochange these factors so that a more eco-benign path can be entered successfully, given thecontextual conditions of reluctance and hesitance. The issue of successful green innovations isa matter both of developing more eco-benign technology and of being commerciallyinnovative with this technology, to provide sufficient utility- and identity-enhancing attributesto the customer in ways that bring profit to the firm. To achieve this requires the firm to viewthe market differently and to innovate differently. Firms absorptive capacity, aspiration toexploit new technology, and manner of validating knowledge claims are therefore importantorganizational factors that impact its inertia to green innovations. It is a substantial challengefor senior management to decide on the alternative green innovation path, and arecommendation is given to seek help by teaming up with external experts and their networks.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
