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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Woodward B.) srt2:(2005-2009)"

Search: WFRF:(Woodward B.) > (2005-2009)

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1.
  • Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration, et al. (author)
  • The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases
  • 2007
  • In: Eur J Epidemiol. - 0393-2990. ; 22:12, s. 839-69
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Many long-term prospective studies have reported on associations of cardiovascular diseases with circulating lipid markers and/or inflammatory markers. Studies have not, however, generally been designed to provide reliable estimates under different circumstances and to correct for within-person variability. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration has established a central database on over 1.1 million participants from 104 prospective population-based studies, in which subsets have information on lipid and inflammatory markers, other characteristics, as well as major cardiovascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on repeat measurements on relevant characteristics has been collected in approximately 340,000 participants to enable estimation of and correction for within-person variability. Re-analysis of individual data will yield up to approximately 69,000 incident fatal or nonfatal first ever major cardiovascular outcomes recorded during about 11.7 million person years at risk. The primary analyses will involve age-specific regression models in people without known baseline cardiovascular disease in relation to fatal or nonfatal first ever coronary heart disease outcomes. This initiative will characterize more precisely and in greater detail than has previously been possible the shape and strength of the age- and sex-specific associations of several lipid and inflammatory markers with incident coronary heart disease outcomes (and, secondarily, with other incident cardiovascular outcomes) under a wide range of circumstances. It will, therefore, help to determine to what extent such associations are independent from possible confounding factors and to what extent such markers (separately and in combination) provide incremental predictive value.
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2.
  • Danesh, John, et al. (author)
  • Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis
  • 2005
  • In: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 294:14, s. 1799-1809
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • CONTEXT: Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION: All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS: Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS: In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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4.
  • Woodward, David F, et al. (author)
  • Prostanoid EP4 Receptor Stimulation Produces Ocular Hypotension by a Mechanism That Does Not Appear to Involve Uveoscleral Outflow
  • 2009
  • In: INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY and VISUAL SCIENCE. - : Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). - 0146-0404. ; 50:7, s. 3320-3328
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE. As part of a systematic elucidation of the pharmacology of prostaglandins (PG) effects on intraocular pressure in the monkey, the prototypical selective prostanoid EP4 receptor agonist (3,7-dithia PGE(1)) was examined. It was found to be highly efficacious in nonhuman primates, and its mechanism of ocular hypotensive activity was investigated. METHODS. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by pneumatonometry in conscious monkeys restrained in custom-designed chairs. All other animal experiments were performed in animals sedated with ketamine or anesthetized with ketamine/diazepam and given drug or vehicle for various lengths of time. Aqueous flow was determined by fluorophotometry. Total outflow facility was measured by the two-level, constant-pressure method and by 2-minute tonography in both normotensive and hypertensive monkey eyes. Uveoscleral outflow was measured by perfusing the anterior chamber with FITC-labeled dextran for 30 minutes at a fixed IOP of approximately 15 mm Hg. Isometric responses to drugs were measured in longitudinal and radial preparations of monkey and human isolated ciliary smooth muscle specimens. RESULTS. The selective EP4 receptor agonist 3,7-dithia PGE(1) and an isopropyl ester prodrug thereof reduced IOP in monkeys. A single dose of 3,7-dithia PGE(1) isopropyl ester, at a 0.01% or 0.1% dose, decreased IOP in the glaucomatous monkey in the range of 40% to 50%. Studies on total outflow facility by the two-level, constant-pressure perfusion method and tonography indicated that EP4 receptor stimulation facilitated aqueous humor outflow facility. No effect on aqueous flow was apparent. In contrast to all PGs and prostamides studied to date, 3,7-dithia PGE(1) exerted no effect on uveoscleral outflow measured directly. Moreover, it did not relax longitudinal or radial preparations of isolated human or monkey ciliary muscles. CONCLUSIONS. The EP4 receptor agonist 3,7-dithia PGE(1) is a highly efficacious IOP-lowering drug in monkeys. It has no effect on uveoscleral outflow but does increase total outflow facility, which accounts for a substantial proportion of the ocular hypotensive activity.
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5.
  • Bogers, Rik P., et al. (author)
  • Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels - A meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300,000 persons
  • 2007
  • In: Archives of Internal Medicine. - 0003-9926. ; 167:16, s. 1720-1728
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: The extent to which moderate overweight (body mass index [BMI], 25.0-29.9 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]) and obesity ( BMI, >= 30.0) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) through adverse effects on blood pressure and cholesterol levels is unclear, as is the risk of CHD that remains after these mediating effects are considered. Methods: Relative risks (RRs) of CHD associated with moderate overweight and obesity with and without adjustment for blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations were calculated by the members of a collaboration of prospective cohort studies of healthy, mainly white persons and pooled by means of random-effects models (RRs for categories of BMI in 14 cohorts and for continuous BMI in 21 cohorts; total N=302296). Results: A total of 18 000 CHD events occurred during follow-up. The age-, sex-, physical activity-, and smoking-adjusted RRs (95% confidence intervals) for moderate overweight and obesity compared with normal weight were 1.32 (1.24-1.40) and 1.81 (1.56-2.10), respectively. Additional adjustment for blood pressure and cholesterol levels reduced the RR to 1.17 (1.11-1.23) for moderate overweight and to 1.49 (1.32-1.67) for obesity. The RR associated with a 5-unit BMI increment was 1.29 (1.22-.35) before and 1.16 (1.11-1.21) after adjustment for blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Adverse effects of overweight on blood pressure and cholesterol levels could account for about 45% of the increased risk of CHD. Even for moderate overweight, there is a significant increased risk of CHD independent of these traditional risk factors, although confounding (eg, by dietary factors) cannot be completely ruled out.
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  • Result 1-6 of 6

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