| 1. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(author)
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ECL performance of ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complexes covalently linked with phenothiazine through different bridge
- 2010
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:37, s. 8626-8630
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three ruthenium complexes 1a, 1b and 1c were synthesized, in which the phenothiazine moiety was covalently linked to the ruthenium complex through a 4 carbon chain and amide bond, respectively. The results demonstrate that one PTZ moiety is preferred to reach a good ECL performance, and the 4 carbon chain linked complex 1a exhibits the highest ECL enhancement (up to about 9 times), in comparison with the commonly utilized parent Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), permitting a lower detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-14) M with signal to noise of 3 for 20 mM DBAE at Au electrode.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Intertemporal choice shifts in households: Do they occur and are they good?
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We examine whether and to what extent joint choices are more or less patient and time-consistent than individual choices in households. We use data from an artefactual field experiment where both individual and joint time preferences were elicited. We find a substantial shift from individual to joint household decisions. Interestingly, joint decisions do not only generate beneficial shifts, i.e., patient and time-consistent shifts. On the contrary, a majority of the observed shifts are impatient and time-inconsistent shifts. A number of observable characteristics are significantly correlated with these shifts in preferences from individual decisions to joint decisions.
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| 3. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and DNA photocleavage study of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-(CH2)(n)-MV2+ complexes
- 2010
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 39:18, s. 4411-4416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-(CH2)(n)-MV2+ complexes (1, n = 3, 4, 7) used for DNA photocleavage have been designed and synthesized. Under the irradiation of visible light, complexes 1 can cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA (pBR322) both in air and under Ar atmosphere. Radical species such as O2(-center dot), (OH)-O-center dot and the light-induced charge-separated (CS) oxidation state Ru(bpy)(3)(3+)-(CH2)(n)-MV+center dot are responsible for the cleavage. The longer the carbon chain linkage, the higher the DNA photocleavage efficiency. It is noted that backwards intramolecular electron transfer (ET) that exist in complexes 1 can lead to some decreasing effect on the cleavage result, while inclusion of complexes 1 with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) inhibits the backwards ET to some extent, thereby increasing photocleavage efficiency.
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| 4. |
- Sun, Shiguo, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and ECL performance of highly efficient bimetallic ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complexes
- 2012
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 41:40, s. 12434-12438
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to find the ideal carbon chain linkage number n for achieving the highest ECL in bimetallic ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complexes, a series of novel complexes [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpy')(CH2)(n)(bpy')Ru(bpy)(2)](4+) (1, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl, n = 10, 12, 14) for a coreactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system have been synthesized. Their ECL properties at a Au electrode have been studied in 0.1 M phosphate buffer by using tripropylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) and melamine as the coreactant, to compare with that of the previously reported bimetallic ruthenium analogous complex [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpy')(CH2)(8)(bpy')Ru(bpy)(2)](4+). The results demonstrate that the ECL intensity depends largely on the length of the saturated carbon chain linkage number n. The highest ECL is reached when n = 10, suggesting that a synergistic effect on ECL enhancement co-exists between the two intramolecular linked ruthenium activating centers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrated that the optimized bond distances between Ru and N(bpy') are the longest both in the ground and the excited triplet states in the case of n = 10, while those for Ru and N(bpy) are the shortest in the excited triplet states. All these factors may be responsible for the above mentioned results. This study provided a methodology to further improve and tune ECL efficiency by using bimetallic ruthenium complexes linked by a flexible saturated carbon chain.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Yang, Xiaojun, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Intra-household decisions making on intertemporal choices: An experimental study in rural China
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper, we conduct a high stake experiment in rural China to investigate the determinants of individual and joint decisions regarding intertemporal choices, and estimate the relative influence of spouses on the joint decisions. We use the Convex Time Budget experimental method to elicit individual and joint decisions on how much money to allocate to an early and a later date. We find that the rates of return have significant effects on the decisions, yet both individual and joint decisions exhibit present-biased time preferences. We also find that both spouses have a significant influence on joint decisions. However, husbands have a stronger influence than wives. Although there are few individual and household characteristics related to the relative influence, we do find a link between relative influence in the experiment and households’ decisions on financial savings in real life. We also find that neither the order of the individual and joint decisions nor the initial control of the endowment in the joint decision affects the behavior in the experiment.
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| 7. |
- Yang, Xiaojun, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Program sustainability and the determinants of farmers' self-predicted post-program land use decisions: evidence from the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) in China
- 2014
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In: Environment and Development Economics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1355-770X .- 1469-4395. ; 19:1, s. 30-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we evaluate the long-run sustainability of China's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) by investigating the determinants of farmers' self-predicted post-program land use decisions. We use data from a household survey conducted in 2005, with a particular focus on a dependent variable that reflects farmers' ordinal responses to a question about their probability of converting the enrolled lands back to cultivation after the program ends. First, we find that targeting the program on steeper sloped and lower quality plots can significantly decrease the probability of reconversion. Second, there is a significant and robust household income structure effect on the reconversion probability. Third, participating households with the right to decide what to plant on enrolled land have a higher probability of maintaining the reforested land after the program ends. Finally, subsidy shortfall has a positive influence on the probability of reconversion.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Ruiying, et al.
(author)
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Comparative phylogeography of two widespread magpies : importance of habitat preference and breeding behavior on genetic structure in China.
- 2012
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In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 65:2, s. 562-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Historical geological events and climatic changes are believed to have played important roles in shaping the current distribution of species. However, sympatric species may have responded in different ways to such climatic fluctuations. Here we compared genetic structures of two corvid species, the Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus and the Eurasian Magpie Pica pica, both widespread but with different habitat dependence and some aspects of breeding behavior. Three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear introns were used to examine their co-distributed populations in East China and the Iberian Peninsula. Both species showed deep divergences between these two regions that were dated to the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene. In the East Chinese clade of C. cyanus, populations were subdivided between Northeast China and Central China, probably since the early to mid-Pleistocene, and the Central subclade showed a significant pattern of isolation by distance. In contrast, no genetic structure was found in the East China populations of P. pica. We suggest that the different patterns in the two species are at least partly explained by ecological differences between them, especially in habitat preference and perhaps also breeding behavior. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations.
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