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- Palmnäs, Marie, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Perspective: Metabotyping—A Potential Personalized Nutrition Strategy for Precision Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease
- 2020
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In: Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). - : Elsevier BV. - 2161-8313 .- 2156-5376. ; 11:3, s. 524-532
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diet is an important, modifiable lifestyle factor of cardiometabolic disease risk, and an improved diet can delay or even prevent the onset of disease. Recent evidence suggests that individuals could benefit from diets adapted to their genotype and phenotype: that is, personalized nutrition. A novel strategy is to tailor diets for groups of individuals according to their metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes). Randomized controlled trials evaluating metabotype-specific responses and nonresponses are urgently needed to bridge the current gap of knowledge with regard to the efficacy of personalized strategies in nutrition. In this Perspective, we discuss the concept of metabotyping, review the current literature on metabotyping in the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, and suggest potential strategies for metabotype-based nutritional advice for future work. We also discuss potential determinants of metabotypes, including gut microbiota, and highlight the use of metabolomics to define effective markers for cardiometabolic disease-related metabotypes. Moreover, we hypothesize that people at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases have distinct metabotypes and that individuals grouped into specific metabotypes may respond differently to the same diet, which is being tested in a project of the Joint Programming Initiative: A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life.
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| 2. |
- Dou, Bang, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Fe content on type and distribution of carbides in medium-entropy high-speed steels
- 2023
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In: Tungsten. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2661-8028 .- 2661-8036. ; 5:1, s. 189-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of iron content on the type and distribution of carbides in the vacuum arc melted Fe-x(AlCoCrCuNiV)(88.05-x)Mo5W6-C-0.95 (x = 69, 76, 83 wt%, respectively) medium-entropy high-speed steels (ME-HSSs) was studied. The homogeneous distribution of granular MC carbides (M refers to the carbides forming transition metal elements, such as W, Mo and V), both at the grain boundary and in the martensitic matrix, was obtained in the Fe-76(AlCoCrCuNiV)(12.05)Mo5W6-C0.95ME-HSS, after quenching at 1210 degrees C followed by triple tempering at 530 degrees C. A maximum hardness of about 841 HV0.5 was achieved, even higher than the maximum hardness of the commercially available M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2) HSS, 826 HV0.5. The medium-entropy effect was shown to be beneficial to transform the solidified primary carbide network into finely dispersed granular MC. However, when the iron content was further reduced to 69 wt%, the enhanced entropy effect promoted the dispersion of carbides but at the same time led to a decrease in the carbide content, so that the maximum hardness (816 HV0.5) was slightly lower than the maximum hardness of M2-HSS. The results provide a novel alloy system together with a simple heat treatment method to obtain hard HSSs, and more importantly to eliminate the primary carbide network which is harmful to the toughness of traditional HSS.
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| 3. |
- Li, Peishun, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic Alterations in Older Women With Low Bone Mineral Density Supplemented With Lactobacillus reuteri
- 2021
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In: JBMR Plus. - : Wiley. - 2473-4039. ; 5:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Osteoporosis and its associated fractures are highly prevalent in older women. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota play important roles in regulating bone metabolism. A previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L.reuteri) led to substantially reduced bone loss in older women with low BMD. However, the total metabolic effects of L. reuteri supplementation on older women are still not clear. In this study, a post hoc analysis (not predefined) of serum metabolomic profiles of older women from the previous RCT was performed to investigate the metabolic dynamics over 1 year and to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri supplementation on human metabolism. Distinct segregation of the L. reuteri and placebo groups in response to the treatment was revealed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Although no individual metabolite was differentially and significantly associated with treatment after correction for multiple testing, 97 metabolites responded differentially at any one time point between L. reuteri and placebo groups (variable importance in projection score >1 and p value <0.05). These metabolites were involved in multiple processes, including amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolism. Butyrylcarnitine was particularly increased at all investigated time points in the L. reuteri group compared with placebo, indicating that the effects of L. reuteri on bone loss are mediated through butyrate signaling. Furthermore, the metabolomic profiles in a case (low BMD) and control population (high BMD) of elderly women were analyzed to confirm the associations between BMD and the identified metabolites regulated by L. reuteri supplementation. The amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids, showed association with L. reuteri treatment and with low BMD in older women, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Lei, et al.
(author)
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Photo-healable ion gel with high mechanical property, fatigue resistance and shear resistance using a coumarin group containing diblock copolymer in an ionic liquid
- 2022
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In: European Polymer Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0014-3057 .- 1873-1945. ; 165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ion gels, polymer networks swollen with ionic liquid (IL), are ideal materials for application in flexible electronic devices. It remains a challenge to fabricate an ion gel with photo-healing, high mechanical properties, fatigue resistance and shear resistance. Herein, a well-defined diblock copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(methyl acrylate-r-7-(2′-methacryloyloyloxyethoxy)-4-methylcoumarin) (PS-b-P(DMA-r-MAOEMC), brief name: SMM, PS: IL-phobic segment and P(DMA-r-MAOEMC): IL-philic segment) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. For comparison, a random copolymer P(DMA-r-MAOEMC) (MM) also be prepared. In dilute solution, the SMM can form spherical micelles with PS-core surrounded by P(DMA-r-MAOEMC) corona chains in an IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)amide ([C2mim][NTf2]). In a suitable polymer concentration, the SMM and MM can form ion gels in [C2mim][NTf2] under 365 nm UV light irradiation through photo-dimerization of coumarin groups in corona MM polymer chains of spherical micelles and photo-dimerization of coumarin groups in MM random polymer chains, respectively. Compared with the MM ion gel, the SMM ion gel has high mechanical properties, shear resistance and relatively high fatigue resistance. Under 254 nm UV light irradiation, photo-induced gel to jammed micelles transition for the SMM ion gel and photo-induced gel to sol transition for the MM ion gel occur due to photo-cleavage of dimer in polymer chains. Photo-induced jammed micelles - gel transition for the SMM ion gel and photo-induced sol - gel transition for the MM ion gel are reversible by alternating 365 nm and 254 nm UV light irradiation, whereby photo-healable materials can be fabricated. Compared to the MM ion gel, the SMM ion gel has high photo-healing efficiency. The electrochemical property of the SMM ion gel can be recovered completely after photo-healing.
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