| 1. |
- Bhat, Goutam, et al.
(author)
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NTIRE 2022 Burst Super-Resolution Challenge
- 2022
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In: 2022 IEEE/CVF CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPRW 2022). - : IEEE. - 9781665487399 - 9781665487405 ; , s. 1040-1060
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Burst super-resolution has received increased attention in recent years due to its applications in mobile photography. By merging information from multiple shifted images of a scene, burst super-resolution aims to recover details which otherwise cannot be obtained using a simple input image. This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on burst super-resolution. In the challenge, the participants were tasked with generating a clean RGB image with 4x higher resolution, given a RAW noisy burst as input. That is, the methods need to perform joint denoising, demosaicking, and super-resolution. The challenge consisted of 2 tracks. Track 1 employed synthetic data, where pixel-accurate high-resolution ground truths are available. Track 2 on the other hand used real-world bursts captured from a handheld camera, along with approximately aligned reference images captured using a DSLR. 14 teams participated in the final testing phase. The top performing methods establish a new state-of-the-art on the burst super-resolution task.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Huai, et al.
(author)
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A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
- 2024
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In: Hepatology international. - 1936-0541.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.A total of 890 international experts in various fields from 61 countries responded to the survey. We also achieved full coverage of provincial-level administrative regions in China. 77.1% of respondents agreed that MAFLD should be represented in ICD-11 by updating NAFLD, with no significant regional differences (77.3% in Asia and 76.6% in non-Asia, p=0.819). Over 80% of respondents agreed or somewhat agreed with the need to assign specific codes for progressive stages of MAFLD (i.e. steatohepatitis) (92.2%), MAFLD combined with comorbidities (84.1%), or MAFLD subtypes (i.e., lean, overweight/obese, and diabetic) (86.1%).This global survey by a collaborative panel of clinical, coding, health management and policy experts, indicates agreement that MAFLD should be coded in ICD-11. The data serves as a foundation for corresponding adjustments in the ICD-11 revision.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Qinghua, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative assessments of retinal macular structure among rural-dwelling older adults in China : a population-based, cross-sectional, optical coherence tomography study
- 2024
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In: BMJ Open. - 2044-6055. ; 14:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectivesTo quantitatively assess and compare retinal macular structures of rural-dwelling older adults in China using two different optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners and to examine their associations with demographic, lifestyle, clinical and ocular factors.Design, setting and participants This population-based, cross-sectional study included 971 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China study. We collected data on demographics, lifestyle factors, clinical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)) and ocular factors (eg, visual acuity and spherical equivalent). We used two models of spectral-domain OCT to measure macular parameters in nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study subfields. Data were analysed using the multiple general linear models.Results Spectralis OCT demonstrated higher macular thickness but a lower macular volume than Primus 200 OCT (p<0.05). Nasal quadrant of the inner and outer subfields was the thickest, followed by superior quadrant. Adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables, older age was significantly correlated with lower average inner and outer macular thicknesses and overall macular volume. Men had higher macular parameters than women. The presence of CVD was correlated with lower central macular thickness (β=−6.83; 95% CI: −13.08 to −0.58; p=0.032). Middle school or above was associated with higher average inner macular thickness (β=7.85; 95% CI: 1.14 to 14.55; p=0.022) and higher spherical equivalent was correlated with lower average inner macular thickness (β=−1.78; 95% CI: −3.50 to −0.07; p=0.042).Conclusions Macular thickness and volume assessed by Spectralis and Primus 200 OCT scanners differ. Older age and female sex are associated with lower macular thickness and volume. Macular parameters are associated with education, CVD and spherical equivalent.Trial registeration number MIND-China study (ChiCTR1800017758).
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| 4. |
- Guo, Di, et al.
(author)
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Cholecystokinin-like peptide mediates satiety by inhibiting sugar attraction
- 2021
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In: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 17:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Feeding is essential for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated by both internal states and external stimuli. However, little is known about how internal states influence the perception of external sensory cues that regulate feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind nutritional state-mediated regulation of gustatory perception in control of feeding behavior in the brown planthopper and Drosophila. We found that feeding increases the expression of the cholecystokinin-like peptide, sulfakinin (SK), and the activity of a set of SK-expressing neurons. Starvation elevates the transcription of the sugar receptor Gr64f and SK negatively regulates the expression of Gr64f in both insects. Interestingly, we found that one of the two known SK receptors, CCKLR-17D3, is expressed by some of Gr64f-expressing neurons in the proboscis and proleg tarsi. Thus, we have identified SK as a neuropeptide signal in a neuronal circuitry that responds to food intake, and regulates feeding behavior by diminishing gustatory receptor gene expression and activity of sweet sensing GRNs. Our findings demonstrate one nutritional state-dependent pathway that modulates sweet perception and thereby feeding behavior, but our experiments cannot exclude further parallel pathways. Importantly, we show that the underlying mechanisms are conserved in the two distantly related insect species.
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| 5. |
- Tyrovolas,, Stefanos, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older : systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.
- 2022
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In: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors.DESIGN: Systematic analysis.SETTING: Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods.RESULTS: Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks.CONCLUSIONS: Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention programmes to improve wellbeing among older adults.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Yongxiang, et al.
(author)
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Health status and risk profiles for brain aging of rural‐dwelling older adults : Data from the interdisciplinary baseline assessments in MIND‐China
- 2022
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In: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Multidomain intervention approaches have emerged as a potential strategy to reduce dementia risk. We sought to describe the baseline assessment approaches, health conditions, and risk profiles for brain aging of participants in the randomized controlled Multimodal INterventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China).Methods: MIND-China engaged residents who were >= 60 years of age and living in rural communities in the western Shandong province. In March to September 2018, all participants underwent the core module assessments via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, neuropsychological testings, and laboratory tests. Specific modules of examination were performed for sub-samples, including brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, genetic and blood biochemical markers, actigraphy testing, cardiopulmonary coupling analysis for sleep quality and disturbances, audiometric testing, and optical coherence tomography examination. We performed descriptive analysis.Results: In total, 5765 participants (74.9% of all eligible residents) undertook the baseline assessments. The mean age was 70.9 years (standard deviation, 5.9), 57.2% were women, 40.6% were illiterate, and 88.3% were farmers. The overall prevalence of common chronic diseases was 67.2% for hypertension, 23.4% for dyslipidemia, 23.5% for heart disease, 14.4% for diabetes mellitus, and 5.4% for dementia. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, heart disease, depressive symptoms, and dementia were higher in women than in men (P < .05). Overall, 87.1% of the participants had at least two of the 15 chronic diseases (89.3% in women vs 84.2% in men, P < .001). Participants examined for the specific modules were younger, more likely to be women, and more educated than those not examined.Discussion: Comprehensive baseline assessments of participants in MIND-China provide extremely valuable data sources for interdisciplinary research into the complex relationships of aging, health, brain aging, and functional consequences among older adults living in the rural communities.Highlights:MIND-China is a multimodal intervention study among rural residents >= 60 years of age.At baseline, 5765 participants undertook the interdisciplinary assessments.The baseline assessments consisted of core module and specific modules.Specific modules included brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, ActiGraph, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC), pure-tone audiometry (PTA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Cong, et al.
(author)
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Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Macular Thickness and Volume in Older Adults : A Population-Based Optical Coherence Tomography Study
- 2024
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In: Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 22:2, s. 141-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: To explore the associations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and individual components with macular thickness and volume among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults.Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 705 participants (age ≥60 years) derived from the MIND-China study. In 2018–2019, we collected data through face-to-face interview, clinical examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination, and blood test. We measured macular thickness and volume using spectral-domain OCT. MetS was defined following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, the IDF/American Heart Association (AHA) criteria, the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria. Data were analyzed with multivariable general linear models.Results: MetS was significantly associated with thinner macula in central (multivariable-adjusted β = −5.29; 95% confidence interval: −9.31 to −1.26), parafoveal (−2.85; −5.73 to 0.04) and perifoveal regions (−4.37; −6.79 to −1.95) when using the IDF criteria, in the perifoveal regions (−3.82; −6.18 to −1.47) when using the IDF/AHA criteria, and in the central region (−5.63; −10.25 to −1.02) when using the CDS criteria, and with reduced macular volume when using the IDF (−0.16; −0.26 to −0.07) and IDF/AHA (−0.13; −0.22 to −0.04) criteria. In the parafoveal region, the IDF-defined MetS was significantly associated with thinner retina in men (β = −6.25; −10.94 to −1.56) but not in women. Abdominal obesity (−2.83; −5.41 to −0.25) and elevated fasting blood glucose (−2.65; −5.08 to −0.21) were associated with thinner macular thickness in the perifoveal region.Conclusion: MetS is associated with macular thinning and reduced macular volume among rural-dwelling older adults, and the associations vary by the defining criteria of MetS.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(author)
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Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer
- 2021
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In: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 40:6, s. 4225-4233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, and calls for further investigations not only in different clinical setting but also in GLIM itself including reference value, combination and weight of different GLIM criteria. This study aimed to weigh the GLIM criteria and develop a scored-GLIM system, and then validate as well as evaluate its application in nutritional assessment and survival prediction for patients with cancer. Design: A total of 3547 patients in the primary cohort and 415 patients in the validation cohort were included in the study. Patients' nutritional status were retrospectively assessed using the GLIM criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between nutritional status and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was produced to quantify the GLIM criteria and develop the scored-GLIM system. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the scored-GLIM. Finally, a decision curve was applied to assess the clinical utility of the scored-GLIM system. Results: In the primary cohort, 70.3% of patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. The malnutrition severity grading according to the GLIM criteria were associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer (HR 1.42,1.23 to 1.65 for moderate malnutrition; HR 1.80,1.84 to 2.09 for severe malnutrition). The weight of each GLIM criteria was calculated, and unintentional weight loss was the most determining factor acting upon mortality (HR 1.82, 1.64 to 2.10 for stage II and HR 1.50, 1.31 to 1.73 for stage I). A nomogram was constructed by four factors of GLIM to weigh the GLIM criteria. The areas under the ROC curve were 65.3 (1-year ROC) and 65.5 (3-year ROC), and the C-index was 0.62, and the calibration curves fitted well. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the scored-GLIM system. Conclusion: The accuracy and net clinical benefit of scored-GLIM system were similar to scored-PG-SGA but higher than GLIM both in nutrition assessment and in survival prediction for patients with cancer. These findings, along with its time-savings advantages over scored-PG-SGA, suggest scored-GLIM be a better nutritional assessment tool. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Chen, H., et al.
(author)
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Unprecedented non-hysteretic superelasticity of [001]-oriented NiCoFeGa single crystals
- 2020
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In: Nature Materials. - : Nature Research. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Superelasticity associated with the martensitic transformation has found a broad range of engineering applications1,2. However, the intrinsic hysteresis3 and temperature sensitivity4 of the first-order phase transformation significantly hinder the usage of smart metallic components in many critical areas. Here, we report a large superelasticity up to 15.2% strain in [001]-oriented NiCoFeGa single crystals, exhibiting non-hysteretic mechanical responses, a small temperature dependence and high-energy-storage capability and cyclic stability over a wide temperature and composition range. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show that the superelasticity is correlated with a stress-induced continuous variation of lattice parameter accompanied by structural fluctuation. Neutron diffraction and electron microscopy observations reveal an unprecedented microstructure consisting of atomic-level entanglement of ordered and disordered crystal structures, which can be manipulated to tune the superelasticity. The discovery of the large elasticity related to the entangled structure paves the way for exploiting elastic strain engineering and development of related functional materials.
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| 10. |
- Chen, Tianyi, et al.
(author)
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Maternal exposure to PM2.5/BC during pregnancy predisposes children to allergic rhinitis which varies by regions and exclusive breastfeeding
- 2022
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundIncreasing prevalence of childhood allergic rhinitis(AR) needs a deeper understanding on the potential adverse effects of early life exposure to air pollution.ObjectivesThe main aim was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to PM2.5 and chemical constituents during pregnancy on preschool children’s AR, and further to explore the modification effects of regions and exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsA multi-center population-based study was performed in 6 cities from 3 regions of China in 2011–2012. Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 and main chemical constituents(BC, OM, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+) during pregnancy was assessed and a longitudinal prospective analysis was applied on preschool children’s AR. The modification effects of regions and exclusive breastfeeding were investigated.ResultsA total of 8.8% and 9.8% of children reported doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis(DDAR) and current hay fever, respectively, and 48.6% had less than 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. The means of PM2.5 during pregnancy were 52.7 μg/m3, 70.3 μg/m3 and 76.4 μg/m3 in the east, north and central south of China, respectively. Multilevel log-binomial model regression showed that each interquartile range(IQR) increase of PM2.5 during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in prevalence ratio (PR) of DDAR by 1.43(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.11, 1.84) and current hay fever by 1.79(95% CI: 1.26, 2.55), respectively. Among chemical constituents, black carbon (BC) had the strongest associations. Across 3 regions, the eastern cities had the highest associations, followed by those in the central south and the north. For those equal to or longer than 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, the associations were significantly reduced.ConclusionsChildren in east of China had the highest risks of developing AR per unit increase of maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy, especially BC constituent. Remarkable decline was found in association with an increase in breastfeeding for ≥6 months, in particular in east of China.
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