| 11. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Bovine growth hormone transgenic mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity but develop hyperphagia, dyslipidemia, and diabetes on a high-fat diet
- 2005
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In: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 146:2, s. 920-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is known that bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice have increased body mass, insulin resistance, and altered lipoprotein metabolism when fed a normal diet (ND). In this study, the effects of 8 wk of high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in 6-month-old male bGH mice. Although littermate controls had unchanged energy intake, energy intake was higher in the bGH mice on a HFD than on a low-fat diet. Nevertheless, the bGH mice were resistant to diet-induced weight gain, and only in the bGH mice did the HFD result in increased energy expenditure. Glucose oxidation was higher in the bGH mice compared with littermate controls on both a HFD and ND. In addition, the bGH mice had 0.5 C higher body temperature throughout the day and increased hepatic uncoupling protein 2 expression; changes that were unaffected by the HFD. On a HFD, the effect of bGH overexpression on serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B was opposite to that on a ND, resulting in higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B compared with littermate controls. Increased serum triglycerides were explained by decreased triglyceride clearance. The HFD led to diabetes only in the bGH mice. In conclusion, bGH transgenic mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity despite hyperphagia, possibly due to increased energy expenditure. On a HFD, bGH mice became dyslipidemic and diabetic and thereby more accurately reflect the metabolic situation in acromegalic patients.
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| 12. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Disturbed apoptosis of T-cells in patients with active idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
- 2005
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In: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 93:1, s. 139-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an organ specific autoimmune disorder in which T-lymphocyte abnormalities have pathogenetic importance. In a DNA microarray screen of CD3+ T-lymphocytes from ITP patients and healthy controls we found an altered expression of genes associated with apoptosis, e.g. A20, caspase-8 and Bax. This together with our previous findings of increased gene expression of Fas, interferon-g and IL-2 receptor beta (IL2RB) indicated an altered activation induced cell death (AICD) of T-cells in ITP. Using a proliferation assay we found that CD3+ lymphocytes from ITP patients were significantly more resistant to dexamethasone induced suppression compared to normal lymphocytes. We also found that cultured CD3+ lymphocytes from ITP patients in remission were more susceptible to apoptosis both in the presence and absence of dexamethasone compared to cells from patient with active ITP and healthy controls, as indicated by increased staining of AnnexinV binding. Our findings suggest that apoptotic resistance of activated T-lymphocytes in patients with active ITP may lead to defective clearance of autoreactive T-lymphocytes through AICD, which might cause a continued immune destruction of platelets. Conversely, a loss of resistance to AICD in ITP patients in remission might be an important mechanism for the achievement of remission.
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| 13. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Recruitment of T cells into bone marrow of ITP patients possibly due to elevated expression of VLA-4 and CX3CR1.
- 2008
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In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 112:4, s. 1078-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), platelets are destroyed in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow (BM) by autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells. In a DNA microarray screen of peripheral blood T cells, we found that VLA-4, CX3CR1, and CXCR4, involved in T-cell homing, had increased expression in ITP patients compared with controls. However, we only found increased protein expression of VLA-4 on T cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry. To address a possible recruitment of T cells into the organs involved in platelet destruction, we analyzed T cells in BM. In BM, T-cell surface expression of VLA-4 and CX3CR1 was increased in ITP patients compared with controls. Furthermore, the number of CD3(+) T cells in BM, but not in blood, was increased in ITP patients compared with controls. This finding was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of BM biopsies. The number of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)/CD25(bright)) was decreased in the BM of ITP patients, whereas Fas expression was increased. In conclusion, ITP is associated with accumulation and activation of T cells in the BM. Recruitment of T cells into the target organ (eg, BM) is plausible and may be facilitated through increased VLA-4 and CX3CR1 expression. These molecules might serve as new treatment targets in ITP.
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| 14. |
- Troman, Geoff, et al.
(author)
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Researching education policy : ethnographic experiences
- 2006
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This book draws on the work of three experienced ethnographers who have studied the effects of education policy on teachers’ work in the United Kingdom and Sweden. The book traces some of the issues and experiences in the development of ethnographic projects examining policy developments—from planning, through analysis and writing, to outcomes as methodological articles. Ethnographic research into teachers’ work seeks to understand educational and social change. As in other European countries, the UK education system has undergone massive restructuring since the late 1970s, with proliferating neo-liberal modes of regulation. Policy has had teachers as its focus for change, recently redefining and reworking teachers and teaching. There is a crucial role for an ethnographic case study approach to complement analyses of official educational policy. In general, the experiences, perspectives and emotions of the actors who implement policy, and the social, cultural, political, economic and emotional contexts in which they do so has been neglected. The ethnographic method is well placed to study these areas of social life since it investigates the perspectives and behaviours of people within, in this case, education cultures. It charts the daily lived experience and impact of policy on educational subjects. Contents Introduction Section I—Policy and the ethnographic process No entry signs: educational change and some problems encountered in negotiating entry to educational settings. Geoff Troman Time for ethnography, Bob Jeffrey and Geoff Troman Researching primary teachers’ work: Examining policy and practice through interactionist ethnography, Geoff Troman Section II—Policy, representation and dissemination How to ‘describe’ ethnographic research sites, Bob Jeffrey The deceptive imagination and ethnographic writing, Dennis Beach Artistic representation and research writing, Dennis Beach Tales from the interface: Disseminating ethnography for policy making, Geoff Troman References
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| 15. |
- Bagampadde, Umaru, et al.
(author)
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Impact of bitumen and aggregate composition on stripping in bituminous mixtures
- 2006
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In: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 39:287, s. 303-315
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The impact of bitumen and aggregate composition on stripping was investigated using four bitumens and four aggregates. Moisture sensitivity was assessed based on retained resilient modulus and tensile strength ratio (MRR and TSR, respectively). The results indicate that mixtures from the bitumen with a high acid number exhibited high resilient modulus and tensile strength in the dry condition for all the aggregates. In wet condition, this conclusion did also hold except for one aggregate. Regarding penetration grade, mixtures made with lower penetration grade bitumen exhibited higher resilient modulus and tensile strength, in dry and wet conditions, than those of higher penetration grade. Bitumen characteristics like acid number, penetration grade and molecular size distribution did not influence moisture sensitivity. Mixtures with aggregates containing alkali metals (sodium and potassium) exhibited relatively high moisture sensitivity, regardless of the bitumen used. In contrast, indications of moisture sensitivity were not apparent in mixtures made with aggregates containing calcium, magnesium and iron. Data analysis revealed that variability in moisture sensitivity is attributed to aggregate rather than bitumen. No significant interaction effect between bitumen and aggregate was found on moisture sensitivity. The results indicated good correlation between MRR and TSR in ranking mixtures for stripping.
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| 16. |
- Bagampadde, Umaru, et al.
(author)
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Influence of aggregate chemical and mineralogical composition on stripping in bituminous mixtures
- 2005
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In: The international journal of pavement engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1029-8436 .- 1477-268X. ; 6:4, s. 229-239
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of aggregate chemical and mineralogical composition on moisture sensitivity was investigated using 11 aggregates from typical tropical and temperate climates and one bitumen. Mix design and compaction were based on Swedish Road 94 hot mix base specifications and moisture damage was determined using resilient modulus and tensile strength ratios. As much as practically possible, air voids, gradation, compaction level, bitumen content and curing were controlled. Mixtures from aggregates containing sodium and potassium exhibited relatively high moisture sensitivity. The converse was apparent for aggregates with calcium, magnesium and iron. No significant correlation was observed between the strength ratios and contents of Al2O3 and SiO2. Stripping was generally high for aggregates with quartz and alkali feldspars, although one aggregate with practically 100% quartz showed low moisture sensitivity. Statistical analysis showed good correlation between resilient modulus and tensile strength ratios.
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