| 11. |
- Sandberg Wollheim, Magnhild, et al.
(author)
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A long-term prospective study of optic neuritis: evaluation of risk factors
- 1990
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 27:4, s. 386-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eighty-six patients with monosymptomatic optic neuritis of unknown cause were followed prospectively for a median period of 12.9 years. At onset, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in 46 patients (53%) but oligoclonal immunoglobulin in only 40 (47%) of the patients. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 was present in 45 (52%). Clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was established in 33 patients. Actuarial analysis showed that the cumulative probability of developing MS within 15 years was 45%. Three risk factors were identified: low age and abnormal CSF at onset, and early recurrence of optic neuritis. Female gender, onset in the winter season, and the presence of HLA-DR2 antigen increased the risk for MS, but not significantly. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bilateral discrete white matter lesions, similar to those in MS, in 11 of 25 patients, 7 to 18 years after the isolated attack of optic neuritis. Nine were among the 13 with abnormal CSF and only 2 belonged to the group of 12 with normal CSF (p = 0.01). Normal CSF at the onset of optic neuritis conferred better prognosis but did not preclude the development of MS.
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| 12. |
- Uddman, Rolf, et al.
(author)
-
Neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers in the pharynx of the rabbit
- 1990
-
In: Dysphagia. - 1432-0460. ; 4:4, s. 220-226
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The distribution of peptide-containing nerve fibers in the pharyngeal region of rabbits was studied by immunocytochemistry. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers were numerous around blood vessels and moderate in number among bundles of striated muscle fibers. A few NPY-containing fibers were seen around seromucous glands and beneath the epithelium. Nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were numerous around seromucous glands and moderate in number around blood vessels, bundles of muscle, and in the subepithelial layer. A few nerve fibers containing substance P (SP) were seen around blood vessels, seromucous glands, among bundles of muscle, and in the subepithelial layer. Nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were numerous. They were distributed close to blood vessels, among bundles of muscle, in the subepithelial layer, and within the epithelium. A conspicuous finding was the occurrence of CGRP within motor end plates of striated muscle.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Foreign body reaction after modified silicone rubber arthroplasty of the first carpometacarpal joint
- 1992
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 26:1, s. 101-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty patients who had been treated with a silicone rubber trapezial implant for degenerative changes in the first carpometacarpal joint were evaluated radiologically and clinically. After a mean follow up of 4.5 years, 11 of the 20 required reoperation and removal of the prosthesis for persisting pain and weakness. In all hands in which the prosthesis remained radiographs showed bone resorption or carpal bone cysts typical of silicone particle synovitis. In the light of these results we now do not recommend this procedure for the treatment of arthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint.
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| 14. |
- Ceberg, Crister, et al.
(author)
-
Neutron capture imaging of 10B in tissue specimens
- 1993
-
In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 26:2, s. 139-146
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an attractive concept for radiation treatment of malignant tumours. The patients receive a 10B-carrying compound with selective uptake in tumour cells, after which they are irradiated with epithermal neutrons. Theoretically, the tumour cells are killed by the high-LET particles produces in 10B(n, alpha)7Li reactions inside or close to the cell nucleus, while healthy brain cells with no boron uptake will be spared. In practice, a successful BNCT depends on the actual boron-distribution in the tissue, and consequently a new boron-compound aimed for BNCT must undergo detailed bio-distribution studies before clinical trials. In experimental work there is accordingly a great need for methods for quantitative bio-distribution measurements in tissue samples. In this paper we present an improved technique for neutron activated autoradiography providing quantitative boron images of freeze-sectioned tissue specimens from highly malignant rat brain gliomas. Particular attention has been paid to the correlation with the morphology of the specimens and to the altered self-absorption properties due to freeze-drying. A self-absorption correction factor for tumour tissue has been experimentally determined.
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| 15. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(author)
-
PACS Diagnostic Analysis Using Image Fusion
- 1993
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In: Administrative Radiology. - : Association Of University Radiologists. - 0738-6974. ; X11:5, s. 35-44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 16. |
- O'Toole, Paul W., et al.
(author)
-
Two major classes in the M protein family in group A streptococci
- 1992
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 89:18, s. 8661-8665
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The M protein family of molecules in the group A streptococcus comprises a number of cell surface proteins that interact with the immune system of the host. One of the proteins in this family is the IgA receptor Arp4, which has C repeats similar to those that characterize the known M proteins. The streptococcal strain expressing Arp4 also expresses a second immunoglobulin-binding protein, Mrp4, which is shown here to be encoded by a gene located immediately upstream of the gene for Arp4. In addition to binding IgG, Mrp4 also binds fibrinogen, a property ascribed to M proteins. DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the Mrp4 protein indeed is a member of the M protein family, but it was unexpectedly found to have a type of repeat that is identical to the A repeat described for FcRA76, a partially sequenced streptococcal Fc receptor. Purified FcRA76 was shown to bind fibrinogen and IgG, like Mrp4. These data show that the known molecules in the M protein family can be divided into two classes, A and C, according to the type of repeat region found. Hybridization studies with a panel of clinical isolates indicate that many streptococcal strains express class A and class C proteins, whereas some strains express only class C proteins. Class A molecules show amino-terminal sequence variation, like class C molecules, which suggests that proteins of both classes are targets for the immune response.
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| 17. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Characteristics and prognosis of hospital-treated obstructive bronchitis in children aged less than two years.
- 1992
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 81:1, s. 40-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a prospective study 101 children aged less than 2 years (median age 10 months), were examined the first time they were admitted to a paediatric ward for asthmatic symptoms. Two-thirds were boys and 58 had parents or siblings with allergic symptoms. During winter-spring, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus was verified in 50% of children. Other viral agents were adenovirus, parainfluenza 3, coxsackie B 2, ECHO 6 and rotavirus. At the acute stage, 54% of the children displayed changes on pulmonary X-ray. The total IgE value was greater than or equal to +2 SD score units in 14 children. At reinvestigation after 3-4.5 years, when the children were aged 3.3-6.3 years, 53% were free from asthmatic symptoms; the median age for the last episode was 2 years. A total of 33% had mild asthma, 8% moderate and 6% severe asthma. The factors which correlated significantly with persistent asthma were: (1) The need for daily medication for at least 6 months. (2) A young age in conjunction with the first wheezing episode and on the first admission to a paediatric ward because of asthmatic symptoms. (3) Other past or present atopic symptoms. Heredity, tobacco smoking at home, having a furry pet, RS virus infection, or high total IgE at the time of the first admission did not correlate significantly with the persistence of asthma 3-4.5 years later. The results emphasize the good overall prognosis of wheezing in early childhood, even when the wheezing is severe enough to lead to inpatient treatment.
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| 18. |
- Ekberg, Olle, et al.
(author)
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The clinical importance of a thick-walled, tender gall-bladder without stones on ultrasonography
- 1991
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In: Clinical Radiology. - 1365-229X. ; 44:1, s. 38-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultrasound examinations of 563 patients with right upper quadrant pain and a clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis were reviewed. In 31 patients, a tender, dilated gall-bladder with a thick (more than 4 mm) partly hypoechoic wall without any detectable calculi was found on the emergency examination. This was interpreted as due to acute acalculous cholecystitis. None of the patients was critically ill. Twenty-one of the patients had follow-up studies with either oral cholecystography, cholangiography, or ultrasound. Fourteen of the 21 had gall-bladder calculi while seven did not. These seven patients presumably represent the true frequency (1.2%) of acute acalculous cholecystitis in this clinical setting. In five other patients with an initial diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis the gall-bladder wall thickening probably was secondary to concomitant pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis or peptic ulcer disease. A meticulous and careful search for gall-bladder calculi should be performed in the presence of a dilated, tender thick-walled gall-bladder.
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| 19. |
- Lyttkens, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of the image quality of ink-jet printed paper copies of digital chest radiographs as compared with film : A receiver operating characteristic study
- 1994
-
In: Journal of Digital Imaging. - 0897-1889. ; 7:2, s. 61-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paper copies of digital radiographs printed with the continuous ink-jet technique have proved to be of a high enough quality for demonstration purposes. We present a study on the image quality of ink-jet printed paper copies of digital chest radiographs, based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Eighty-three digital radiographs of a chest phatom with simulated tumors in the mediastinum and right lund, derived from a computed radiography (CR) system were presented in two series of hard copies as ink-jet printed paper copies and as laser recorded film. The images, with a matrix of 1,760×2,140 pixels, were printed with a spatial resolution of 10 pixels/mm in the CR film recorder as well as in the ink-jet printer. On film, every image was recorded in two versions, one optimized for the mediastinum and one for the lungs. On paper, only one image was printed; this constituted an effort to optimize both the mediastinum and the lungs. The ink-jet printed images, printed on a matt coated paper, were viewed as on-sight images with reflected light. The exdaminations were reviewed by six radiologists, and ROC curves were constructed. No significant difference was found between the performance of film and that of ink-jet paper prints. Because the cost for a paper copy is only a tenth of that of film, remarkable cost reductions can be achieved by using the ink jet technique instead. Our results show that further quality studies of ink-jet printed images are worthwhile.
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| 20. |
- Malmberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Effects of drugs and electrical field stimulation on isolated muscle strips from rabbit pharyngoesophageal segment
- 1991
-
In: Dysphagia. - 1432-0460. ; 6:4, s. 203-208
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Muscle activity of isolated muscle strips from the middle pharyngeal constrictor, the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the cricopharyngeal muscle, and the cervical esophagus of the rabbit was studied in organ baths in response to drugs and electrical field stimulation. These muscles of the pharyngoesophageal segment seem to lack an autonomic adrenergic and cholinergic innervation, as determined by responses to specific drugs. The nerve-evoked contractile responses of the two lower muscles of the segment were almost completely abolished by the curarelike drug gallamine, suggesting a somatic cholinergic nerve supply. However, in the two upper muscles, the major part of the response was resistant to gallamine, which suggests involvement of non-adrenergic, nonmuscarinic, nonnicotinic receptors in the transmission of nerve impulses in these muscles. These results suggest a differential innervation of the upper and lower pharyngeal muscles.
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