| 11. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(author)
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Explorations in the environment-development dilemma
- 2014
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In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 57:4, s. 479-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952
(author)
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Gernot Wagner: But will the planet notice?
- 2012
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In: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 51:3, s. 471-472
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Review (other academic/artistic)
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| 13. |
- Westerlund, Tommy, 1952, et al.
(author)
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GPs' views on patient drug use and the pharmacist's role in DRP management.
- 2010
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In: Pharmacy world & science : PWS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-739X .- 0928-1231. ; 32:5, s. 562-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine general practitioners' (GPs') views on (1) patients' drug-related problems (DRPs) and noncompliance and (2) the role of pharmacy practitioners in DRP management. METHOD: A brief questionnaire was designed and distributed to 224 GPs in Sweden. RESULTS: Totally 152 GPs responded (68%). Most felt that pharmacy practitioners could improve patients' drug use by identifying DRPs. A majority of the GPs also found presentations and analyses of their local pharmacies' DRP documentation valuable. According to the GPs' experiences, adverse drug effects and therapy failure were the most salient problems in patients' drug use. Half of the doctors believed that 50-75% of their patients were compliant with their prescribed drug treatments. A majority of the GPs found a 75-95% degree of compliance acceptable. CONCLUSION: The surveyed GPs demonstrated very positive attitudes towards the role of pharmacy practitioners in improving patients' drug use and managing DRPs. The GPs realised that many patients were not compliant with their prescribed drug treatments and accepted an imperfect compliance.
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| 14. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(author)
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A Neuron Model Including Gene Expression: Bistability, Long-Term Memory, etc
- 2014
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In: Neural Processing Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1370-4621 .- 1573-773X. ; 39:3, s. 285-296
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acquisition, consolidation and reconsolidation of long-term memories include changes in gene expression in neurons. The understanding of the corresponding mechanistic details is still far from complete even on the conceptual level. Here, the author proposes a generic kinetic model describing a global interplay between the function of membrane ion channels and gene expression, including gene transcription into mRNA and mRNA translation into protein. The model, based partly on the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model for membrane voltage, implies feedbacks between these processes. Specifically, the gene transcription is considered to depend on membrane voltage due to the corresponding dependence of one of the transcription factors. The number or efficiency of function of ion channels is in turn assumed to depend on the protein population. With these feedbacks, the model predicts either a single steady state or bistability. The bistable regimes are briefly discussed in the context of long-term memory.
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| 15. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(author)
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Kinetic models of gene expression including non-coding RNAs
- 2011
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573. ; 500:1, s. 1-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In cells, genes are transcribed into mRNAs, and the latter are translated into proteins. Due to the feedbacks between these processes, the kinetics of gene expression may be complex even in the simplest genetic networks. The corresponding models have already been reviewed in the literature. A new avenue in this field is related to the recognition that the conventional scenario of gene expression is fully applicable only to prokaryotes whose genomes consist of tightly packed protein-coding sequences. In eukaryotic cells, in contrast, such sequences are relatively rare, and the rest of the genome includes numerous transcript units representing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). During the past decade, it has become clear that such RNAs play a crucial role in gene expression and accordingly influence a multitude of cellular processes both in the normal state and during diseases. The numerous biological functions of ncRNAs are based primarily on their abilities to silence genes via pairing with a target mRNA and subsequently preventing its translation or facilitating degradation of the mRNA-ncRNA complex. Many other abilities of ncRNAs have been discovered as well. Our review is focused on the available kinetic models describing the mRNA, ncRNA and protein interplay. In particular, we systematically present the simplest models without kinetic feedbacks, models containing feedbacks and predicting bistability and oscillations in simple genetic networks, and models describing the effect of ncRNAs on complex genetic networks. Mathematically, the presentation is based primarily on temporal mean-field kinetic equations. The stochastic and spatio-temporal effects are also briefly discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(author)
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Decision making styles and stress.
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Stress Management. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1072-5245 .- 1573-3424. ; 19:1, s. 34-47
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyzed the relationship between each of five decision-making styles, including Rational, Intuitive, Dependent, Avoidant, and Spontaneous (Scott & Bruce, 1995) and two indicators of stress, Perceived stress and Sleep quality, among administrative officers and investigators at three Swedish public authorities: The National Tax board, the Social Insurance agency, and the Police authority (n 472). Results showed that Avoidant style and, to some extent, the Dependent style were significantly associated with higher Perceived Stress and poorer Sleep. The results for the specific organizations showed that the Rational style was advantageous at the Tax board only.
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| 17. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952
(author)
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The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods is problematic
- 2012
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In: Quality & Quantity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-5177 .- 1573-7845. ; 46:5, s. 1417-1429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research is abstract, very general and its value is usually taken for granted. In contrast, this article attempts to show that the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research is unclear, poor and therefore of limited value and that its popularity risks leading to unfortunate consequences. Various arguments are presented for this conclusion. For example, it is argued that the heterogeneity of different stand-points on important issues among qualitative researchers (for example with respect to the use of quantification and causal analysis) makes the distinction as such unstable. Moreover, the presence of substantial overlap between many features of qualitative and quantitative research often makes it difficult to separate qualitative and quantitative research. It is also shown that three obvious ways of making the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research are unsatisfactory. Use of the distinction may restrict creativity in the development of new research methods and create confusion and unnecessary work. In general, it may be preferable not to conceptualize research approaches at such abstract levels as done in the context of qualitative or quantitative approaches. Instead, it is suggested that it is more fruitful to discuss the pros and cons of specific research methods, preferably in the context of specific research problems.
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| 18. |
- Timm, S., et al.
(author)
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Place of upbringing in early childhood as related to inflammatory bowel diseases in adulthood: a population-based cohort study in Northern Europe
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 29:6, s. 429-437
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has increased rapidly during the twentieth century, but the aetiology is still poorly understood. Impaired immunological competence due to decreasing biodiversity and altered microbial stimulation is a suggested explanation. Objective Place of upbringing was used as a proxy for the level and diversity of microbial stimulation to investigate the effects on the prevalence of IBD in adulthood. Methods Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) III is a postal follow-up questionnaire of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) cohorts established in 1989-1992. The study population was 10,864 subjects born 1945-1971 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia, who responded to questionnaires in 2000-2002 and 2010-2012. Data were analysed in logistic and Cox regression models taking age, sex, smoking and body mass index into consideration. Results Being born and raised on a livestock farm the first 5 years of life was associated with a lower risk of IBD compared to city living in logistic (OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.31; 0.94) and Cox regression models (HR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.31; 0.98). Random-effect meta-analysis did not identify geographical difference in this association. Furthermore, there was a significant trend comparing livestock farm living, village and city living (p < 0.01). Sub-analyses showed that the protective effect was only present among subjects born after 1952 (OR 0.25, 95 % CI 0.11; 0.61). Conclusion This study suggests a protective effect from livestock farm living in early childhood on the occurrence of IBD in adulthood, however only among subjects born after 1952. We speculate that lower microbial diversity is an explanation for the findings.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Self-efficacy and adherence as mediating factors between personality traits and health-related quality of life.
- 2013
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In: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649 .- 0962-9343. ; 22:3, s. 567-575
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Personality traits are rather stable dispositions in adulthood, while self-efficacy and adherence may be modified through targeted interventions. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) serves as a vital outcome measure. The present aim was to explore the function of self-efficacy and adherence as mediators for the influencing effect of personality traits on HRQL in people with chronic disease. METHODS: An epidemiological sample of 786 persons completed questionnaires on personality, general self-efficacy, adherence behaviour and HRQL. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and path models. RESULTS: Self-efficacy mediated the effect of Extraversion and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. Neuroticism had a direct effect on both physical and mental HRQL. Adherence partially mediated the effect of both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: The mental HRQL in people scoring low on Extraversion or low on Conscientiousness could be improved by strengthening general self-efficacy. Increasing adherence in people scoring low on Agreeableness or Conscientiousness could improve their mental HRQL, but the improvement was small and may be of lesser clinical relevance. These results argue for personalized interventions intended to positively affect health outcomes in people with chronic disease.
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