| 11. |
- Elmund, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Relation problems in internationally adopted juvenile delinquents
- 2007
-
In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 112:1, s. 105-121
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Internationally adopted delinquents are overrepresented in juvenile Swedish institutions. With the purpose of investigating possible reasons for this overrepresentation, this study compared adopted delinquent adolescents and internationally adopted controls in the structure and functioning of their current relations, especially with their parents. Methods: Internationally adopted adolescents admitted to institutional care (N=20) and non-delinquent internationally adopted controls (N=21) were compared through: a questionnaire; "family relations", a subscale in I think I am; "Family climate" ( from Karolinska Scale of Personality); Individual Schedule of Social Interaction; and an Attachment Test. Results: Bad relations with adoptive parents were more prevalent in internationally adopted delinquents compared to internationally adopted controls. Furthermore, the adopted delinquents and their parents blamed each other for the problems and the adopted delinquents reported physical and emotional abuse. Conclusions: Internationally adopted delinquents reported more problems in their relationships to their parents than adopted controls did.
|
|
| 12. |
- Elshebani, Asma, et al.
(author)
-
Effects on isolated human pancreatic islet cells after infection with strains of enterovirus isolated at clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes
- 2007
-
In: Virus Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1702 .- 1872-7492. ; 124:1-2, s. 193-203
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enterovirus (EV) infections have been associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). They may cause β-cell destruction either by cytolytic infection of the cells or indirectly by triggering the autoimmune response. Evidence for EV involvement have been presented in several studies, EV-IgM antibodies have been reported in T1D patients, EV-RNA has been found in the blood from T1D patients at onset, and EV have been isolated from newly diagnosed T1D. Our aim was to study infections with EV isolates from newly diagnosed T1D patients in human pancreatic islets in vitro. Two of them (T1 and T2) originated from a mother and her son diagnosed with T1D on the same day, the other two (A and E) were isolated from a pair of twins at the time of diagnosis of T1D in one of them. Isolated human pancreatic islets were infected and viral replication, viability and degree of cytolysis as well as insulin release in response to high glucose were measured. All four EV isolates replicated in the islet cells and virus particles and virus-induced vesicles were seen in the cytoplasm of the β-cells. The isolates varied in their ability to induce cytolysis and to cause destruction of the islets and infection with two of the isolates (T1 and A) caused more pronounced destruction of the islets. Infection with the isolate from the healthy twin boy (E) was the least cytolytic. The ability to secrete insulin in response to high glucose was reduced in all infected islets as early as 3 days post infection, before any difference in viability was observed. To conclude, strains of EV isolated from T1D patients at clinical presentation of T1D revealed β-cell tropism, and clearly affected the function of the β-cell. In addition, the infection caused a clear increase in the number of dead cells.
|
|
| 13. |
- Funkquist, Eva-Lotta, et al.
(author)
-
Feeding regimens and catch-up growth in premature and full-term small for gestational age infants
- 2009
-
In: ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition. - : SAGE Publications. - 1941-4072 .- 1941-4064. ; :1, s. 66-72
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of infants born small for gestational age (SGA) as a result of 2 different feeding regimens during their hospital stay. A retrospective chart review was performed at 2 hospitals to assess the growth of 42 SGA infants (gestational age: median 37 weeks; range, 30-41 weeks) from birth up to 18 months corrected age. At one hospital, infants were fed according to a proactive nutrition regimen stipulating 200 mL milk/kg per day from day 2 to achieve better weight gain. At the other hospital, milk volumes were gradually increased to 170 mL/kg per day by day 9. Infants fed according to the proactive regimen had lower weight loss and regained their birth weight earlier but did not show better catch-up growth subsequently. The premature SGA infants (n = 20) showed catch-up growth before 40 weeks postmenstrual age. The lower the gestational age at birth, the less negative standard deviation score for length up to a corrected age of 18 months. Although infants fed according to a proactive regimen with liberal volumes of milk during the first days had lower weight loss and regained their birth weight earlier, no evidence was found that this would result in a different pattern of growth in later life.
|
|
| 14. |
- Funkquist, E-L, et al.
(author)
-
Milk for small infants.
- 2007
-
In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:4, s. 596-9
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 15. |
- Hansson, Mats G, et al.
(author)
-
Concern for privacy in relation to age during physical examination of children : an exploratory study
- 2009
-
In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:8, s. 1349-1354
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To explore whether physicians behave differently regarding ethics and respect for privacy depending on children's age. We explored whether physician behaviours contributed to child uneasiness.Study design: Observational study of 21 children (0-12 years; 18 boys; mean age 3.2) undergoing evaluation for inguinal hernia. Specific physician-initiated verbal and nonverbal behaviours were coded from digital video discs of the consultations.Results: Physician intrusiveness (i.e. approaching the child suddenly or in an uninvited way) during the physical examination was related to concurrent child uneasiness (r = 0.42, p < 0.06) and lasted through the postexamination phase of the consultation (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Child mood during the examination strongly predicted postexamination mood (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). Neither the total number of physician-initiated positive behaviours or privacy-related behaviours was associated with child age. Negative physician behaviours were strongly related to negative mood in the child (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) at the close of the consultation.Conclusion: Although physicians were more likely to provide information to older than younger children, their behaviours regarding privacy did not differ by child age. We found that intrusiveness was rather common and related to child uneasiness that has implications for the ethical practice and a child's willingness to be examined.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hansson, Mats G, et al.
(author)
-
Ethics takes time, but not that long
- 2007
-
In: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6939. ; 8, s. 6-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Time and communication are important aspects of the medical consultation. Physician behavior in real-life pediatric consultations in relation to ethical practice, such as informed consent (provision of information, understanding), respect for integrity and patient autonomy (decision-making), has not been subjected to thorough empirical investigation. Such investigations are important tools in developing sound ethical praxis. METHODS: 21 consultations for inguinal hernia were video recorded and observers independently assessed global impressions of provision of information, understanding, respect for integrity, and participation in decision making. The consultations were analyzed for the occurrence of specific physician verbal and nonverbal behaviors and length of time in minutes. RESULTS: All of the consultations took less than 20 minutes, the majority consisting of 10 minutes or less. Despite this narrow time frame, we found strong and consistent association between increasing time and higher ratings on all components of ethical practice: information, (beta = .43), understanding (beta = .52), respect for integrity (beta = .60), and decision making (beta = .43). Positive nonverbal behaviors by physicians during the consultation were associated particularly with respect for integrity (beta =.36). Positive behaviors by physicians during the physical examination were related to respect for children's integrity. CONCLUSION: Time was of essence for the ethical encounter. Further, verbal and nonverbal positive behaviors by the physicians also contributed to higher ratings of ethical aspects. These results can help to improve quality of ethical practice in pediatric settings and are of relevance for teaching and policy makers.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Kriström, Berit, et al.
(author)
-
Growth hormone (GH) dosing during catch-up growth guided by individual responsiveness decreases growth response variability in prepubertal children with GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 94:2, s. 483-490
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: Weight-based GH dosing results in a wide variation in growth response in children with GH deficiency (GHD) or idiopathic short stature (ISS). OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis tested was whether individualized GH doses, based on variation in GH responsiveness estimated by a prediction model, reduced variability in growth response around a set height target compared with a standardized weight-based dose. SETTING: A total of 153 short prepubertal children diagnosed with isolated GHD or ISS (n = 43) and at least 1 SD score (SDS) below midparental height SDS (MPH(SDS)) were included in this 2-yr multicenter study. INTERVENTION: The children were randomized to either a standard (43 microg/kg.d) or individualized (17-100 microg/kg.d) GH dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We measured the deviation of height(SDS) from individual MPH(SDS) (diffMPH(SDS)). The primary endpoint was the difference in the range of diffMPH(SDS) between the two groups. RESULTS: The diffMPH(SDS) range was reduced by 32% in the individualized-dose group relative to the standard-dose group (P < 0.003), whereas the mean diffMPH(SDS) was equal: -0.42 +/- 0.46 and -0.48 +/- 0.67, respectively. Gain in height(SDS) 0-2 yr was equal for the GH-deficient and ISS groups: 1.31 +/- 0.47 and 1.36 +/- 0.47, respectively, when ISS was classified on the basis of maximum GH peak on the arginine-insulin tolerance test or 24-h profile. CONCLUSION: Individualized GH doses during catch-up growth significantly reduce the proportion of unexpectedly good and poor responders around a predefined individual growth target and result in equal growth responses in children with GHD and ISS.
|
|
