| 21. |
- Aarsand, Pål Andre, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Computer gaming and territorial negotiations in family life
- 2009
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In: Childhood. - : SAGE Publications. - 0907-5682 .- 1461-7013. ; 16:4, s. 497-517
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines territorial negotiations concerning gaming, drawing on video recordings of gaming practices in middle-class families. It explores how private vs public gaming space was co-construed by children and parents in front of the screen as well as through conversations about games. Game equipment was generally located in public places in the homes, which can be understood in terms of parents' surveillance of their children, on the one hand, and actual parental involvement, on the other. Gaming space emerged in the interplay between game location, technology and practices, which blurred any fixed boundaries between public and private, place and space, as well as traditional age hierarchies.
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| 22. |
- Aarsand, Pål Andre, 1970-
(author)
-
Frame switches and identity performances : Alternating between online and offline
- 2008
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In: Text and Talk. - 1860-7330. ; 28:2, s. 147-165
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study problematizes activity frames and participation frameworks (Goffman 1981), exploring how students deploy online (MSN Messenger) and offline activity frames in identity performances. One problem in analyzing participation frameworks and particularly notions of subordinate forms, like crossplay, byplay, and sideplay, is that these concepts require that the analyst can identify one dominant activity. This was not possible in the present data, which consist of video recordings of computer activities in a seventh-grade classroom. It is shown how MSN (online) identities were invoked in subsequent and intermittent face-to-face interaction, a dialogue that started on MSN would continue in face-to-face interaction, and vice versa. This means that frame switches constituted important features of the students' identity work. Similarly, the students employed nicknames or what are here called tags, that is, textual-visual displays of speaker identities, located in the boundary zone between online and offline activities. In the classroom interactions, there was thus not one dominant activity frame, but rather the activities involved borderwork, and more specifically frame switches and a strategic use of tags. © Walter de Gruyter 2008.
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| 23. |
- Aarsand, Pål Andre, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
Response cries and other gaming moves-Building intersubjectivity in gaming
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 41:8, s. 1557-1575
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study focuses on the ways in which response cries (Goffman, 1981) are deployed as interactional resources in computer gaming in everyday life. It draws on a large-scale data set of video recordings of the everyday lives of middleclass families. The recordings of gaming between children and between children and parents show that response cries were not arbitrarily located within different phases of gaming (planning, gaming or commenting on gaming). Response cries were primarily used as interactional resources for securing and sustaining joint attention (cf. Goodwin, 1996) during the gaming as such, that is, during periods when the gaming activity was characterized by a relatively high tempo. In gaming between children, response cries co-occurred with their animations of game characters and with sound making, singing along, and code switching in ways that formed something of an action aesthetic, a type of aesthetic that was most clearly seen in gaming between game equals (here: between children). In contrast, response cries were rare during the planning phases and during phases in which the participants primarily engaged in setting up or adjusting the game.
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| 24. |
- Aasland, Olaf G., et al.
(author)
-
The long and winding road to widespread implementation of screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems : A historical overview with special attention to the WHO initiatives
- 2008
-
In: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 25:6, s. 469-476
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Before 1970, special institutions, often prison-like, were built for the severely dependent. The effect of this type of treatment, often lasting for months or even years, was hard to document scientifically. During the 1970s several steps were taken towards a more preventive strategy that involved delivery of alcohol interventions in general health care settings, particularly within primary health care. The World Health Organization's (WHO) introduction of the concepts of hazardous and harmful drinking represented a shift from the traditional dichotomous view of individuals being alcoholic-or-not to a continuum where, in line with Rose's "prevention paradox", a large number of people with low risk may give rise to more cases of disease than the small number with high risk. The need for efficient methods to detect persons with various degrees of alcohol risk was evident, and a WHO multinational project that resulted in the publication of AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders identification Test) was carried out in the mid 1980s. The usefulness of this principle of case finding was then investigated in a subsequent multinational WHO project of brief intervention, as well as in several other similar projects. Many of these projects have proven quite efficient, but screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems is still not standard procedure in primary health care. The paper discusses some of the reasons why.
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| 25. |
- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(author)
-
Structural anisotropy of poly(alkylthiophene) films
- 2000
-
In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 33:8, s. 3120-3127
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structural anisotropy of various poly(alkylthiophene) films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, using both conventional methods and synchrotron radiation at grazing incidence. Solution-cast films orient with the side chains preferably normal to the film surface, whereas spin-cast films of nonstereoregular material orient with both the main and the side chains in the film plane. For thick (10-50 µm) solution-cast films, the degree of orientation depends strongly on the solvent used for casting, and on the stereoregularity of the polymer, films of stereoregular materials being more oriented than those of nonregular materials. The most oriented nonregular films are those cast from mixtures of chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. Thin (50-500 nm) solution-cast films are more oriented than the thicker ones, and the effects of different stereoregularity or different casting solvents are small. For spin-cast films, the degree of orientation is independent of substrate and solvent. Spin-cast films of stereoregular material have two different phases: One with the side chains normal to the substrate, and another where they are parallel to the substrate. The diffraction peaks of spin-cast poly(octylthiophene) narrow considerably upon heating.
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| 26. |
- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(author)
-
Structural aspects of electrochemical doping and dedoping of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- 2000
-
In: Synthetic metals. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 113:1, s. 93-97
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical dedoping and redoping of p-toluene sulfonate doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been studied with in situ grazing incidence diffraction with water used as an electrolyte. The diffraction peak positions and integrated intensities do not change significantly during doping and dedoping, while the peak widths increase upon dedoping and decrease upon doping. This implies that the lattice parameters and the relative positions of the polymer chains and the p-toluene sulfonate ions remain unchanged, the redox processes being carried out by the motion of smaller ions between the polymer and the electrolyte, and that the structural order decreases upon dedoping and increases upon doping in a reversible manner.
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| 27. |
- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(author)
-
Structural ordering in phenyl-substituted polythiophenes
- 2000
-
In: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 33:15, s. 5481-5489
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Various substituted poly(phenylthiophene)s have been studied by X-ray diffraction. They are semicrystalline, with very different degrees of crystallinity. Those with para-substituted phenyl groups have a low degree of crystallinity, whereas those with ortho-substituted phenyl groups are more crystalline. The most crystalline materials in this study have two equally long substituents on the phenyl ring, one at the ortho position and the other at the ortho or meta position on the opposite side of the phenyl ring. Poly(3-(2,5-dioctylphenyl)thiophene) (PDOPT) was most thoroughly studied, and a structural model is proposed. The structure of PDOPT is quite different from previously studied substituted polythiophenes in that the octyl side chains are directed normal to the thiophene planes. In this way, the conjugated polymer chains are kept separated from each other. Solution-cast and spin-cast PDOPT films are anisotropic, with the octyl side chains oriented normal to the film surface in both cases. This is contrary to the situation for poly(3-alkylthiophene)s, where solution-cast and spin-cast films orient in different ways.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Aavikko, R., et al.
(author)
-
Clustering of vacancy defects in high-purity semi-insulating SiC
- 2007
-
In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75:8, s. 085208-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study native vacancy defects in semi-insulating silicon carbide. The material is shown to contain (i) vacancy clusters consisting of four to five missing atoms and (ii) Si-vacancy-related negatively charged defects. The total open volume bound to the clusters anticorrelates with the electrical resistivity in both as-grown and annealed materials. Our results suggest that Si-vacancy-related complexes electrically compensate the as-grown material, but migrate to increase the size of the clusters during annealing, leading to loss of resistivity. © 2007 The American Physical Society.
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| 30. |
- Aavikko, R, et al.
(author)
-
Observation of vacancy clusters in HTCVD grown SiC
- 2005
-
In: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 483-485. ; , s. 469-472
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study defects in semi-insulating (SI) silicon carbide (SiC) substrates grown by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD). The measured positron lifetime spectra can be decomposed into two components, of which the longer corresponds to vacancy clusters. We have carried out atomic superposition calculations to estimate the size of these clusters.
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