| 41. |
- Abdullah, Twana O., et al.
(author)
-
Magnitude and Direction of Groundwater Seepage Velocity in Different Soil and Rock Materials
- 2020
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In: Engineering. - USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 12:4, s. 242-253
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To understand and anticipate flow in various groundwater media, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow velocity must be deemed. The studied area which is called Halabja-Sadiq Basin is in the northeastern part of Iraq and covers an area of approximately 128,000 square hectometers. There are several groundwater aquifers in this region that supply nearly over 90% of all water needs. Subsequently, it is of highly requirement to identify various groundwater behaviors in the area. The objective of this study is to estimate the magnitude and direction of the groundwater seepage velocity with the aid of groundwater tool in Geographic Information System technology. Refer to the results of this analysis, the magnitude value of groundwater flow velocity ranged from 0 to 51 m/d, whilst the general flow movement is from the eastern part to the western part of the study area. The factor governing the direction of flow and velocity magnitude indicates the direction of dipping of the geological formation strata, the high head of groundwater in the eastern part, and the low transmissivity properties of aquifer materials in the western part.
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| 42. |
- Abdullah, Twana, et al.
(author)
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Seepage Velocity of Different Groundwater Aquifers in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin—NE of Iraq
- 2021
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In: Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition). - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 1683-1687
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For understanding and prediction of transport in different groundwater aquifers media, the groundwater flow velocity (magnitude and direction) has to be considered. Halabja Saidsadiq Basin is located in the northeast part of Iraq, which covers an area of 1278 square kilometers with population of more than 200,000 inhabitants. The climate of this area is hot in the summers and cold in the winters. Groundwater aquifers in this area provide approximately 90% of whole water requirements. Therefore, it is important to understand some groundwater features in the area such as groundwater flow velocity, to prevent contaminant transport toward the groundwater aquifers. The main aim of this study was to apply geographic information system technique to estimate the magnitude and direction of the groundwater seepage velocity based on several hydrological and hydrogeological data in the region. The results revealed that the seepage velocity magnitude ranged from (0 to 51) m/d, while the flow direction is from the eastern to the western part of the study area.
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| 43. |
- Abdullha, Khalid A., et al.
(author)
-
Mechanical properties, thermal and chemical effect of polymer cotton bars reinforced with carbon / glass fiber
- 2024
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In: Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1448-4846 .- 2204-2253. ; 22:3, s. 592-602
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many researchers are interested in using natural fibres to treat due to recent advancements in polymer characteristics. The mechanical properties of three types of bars are studied in this paper: Cotton Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars, Cotton/Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars, and Cotton/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer bars. The goal of the paper was to create low-cost bars with comparable mechanical performance and corrosion resistance to steel reinforcement. The bars were made using two methods: fibres immersed in polymer and fibres coated with polymer by repeated tension and relaxation of fibres. The second method produced better results in terms of the tensile strength of Cot.CFRP, Cot.GFRP, and Cot.FRP bars, which were 688, 477, and 284 MPa, respectively, and the stress–strain curve revealed brittle behaviour for all bars and modulus of elasticity of 43, 31 and 22 GPa. When sand was put on the bar’s surface, the bars demonstrated a good connection with the concrete. It also showed good resistance to moisture, alkaline solutions and acids, as well as heat resistance at temperatures below 200°C.
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| 44. |
- Abdulmumin, Idris, et al.
(author)
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Separating Grains from the Chaff : Using Data Filtering to Improve Multilingual Translation for Low-Resourced African Languages
- 2022
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In: Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Machine Translation (WMT). - : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781959429296 ; , s. 1001-1014
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We participated in the WMT 2022 Large-Scale Machine Translation Evaluation for the African Languages Shared Task. This work de-scribes our approach, which is based on filtering the given noisy data using a sentence-pair classifier that was built by fine-tuning a pre-trained language model. To train the classifier, we obtain positive samples (i.e. high-quality parallel sentences) from a gold-standard curated dataset and extract negative samples (i.e.low-quality parallel sentences) from automatically aligned parallel data by choosing sentences with low alignment scores. Our final machine translation model was then trained on filtered data, instead of the entire noisy dataset. We empirically validate our approach by evaluating on two common datasets and show that data filtering generally improves overall translation quality, in some cases even significantly.
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| 45. |
- Abdulrazzaq, Zaidoon Taha, et al.
(author)
-
Estimation of main aquifer parameters using geoelectric measurements to select the suitable wells locations in Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq
- 2020
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In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - Holland : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aquifer parameters like hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are extremely important for the management and development of groundwater resources. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) techniques were adopted for geophysical investigation in Fadaq plantation area within Bahr Al-Najaf depression, Iraq. A total of 22 VES point distributed as a grid along six profiles in the plantation with half-current electrode spacing (AB/2) is 400 m are used to evaluate the aquifer geoelectric and hydraulic parameters, where six 2D ERI profiles were conducted and concatenated as one 2D ERI profile with a total length of 4525 m to verify the results of VES. The average formation factor of the aquifer is 22.33 with porosity and water saturation average of 22.62% and 0.59% respectively. Geoelectric and hydraulic parameters estimated values are; apparent resistivity 2.17–2.92 Ω, formation factor 6.23–31.18, porosity 17.91–40.06%, water saturation 0.18–0.85, longitudinal conductance 1.60–10.06 Ω-1, transverse resistance 3258–27200 Ωm2, hydraulic conductivity 0.62–0.68 m2/day and transmissivity 70.68–198.05 m2/day. The thickness and bulk resistivity vary between 112 and 320 m and 18–85 Ωm respectively. About 26% of the aquifer in the study area has an intermediate designation, while 73.91% of the aquifer has high designation. There is a linear relationship between transmissivity and water saturation. Based on designation, protective capacity, and groundwater supply potential VES 6C, VES 7A, VES 4C and VES 2E were recommended for new drilling sites.
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| 46. |
- Abdulredha, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
-
Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study
- 2022
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In: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. - : IWA Publishing. - 2043-9083 .- 2408-9362. ; 12:4, s. 394-404
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour of increasing the electrolysing time, saving the reactor area, and water mixing. The detention time of the space-saver EC reactor (S-SECR) was measured and compared to the traditional reactors using an inert dye (red drain dye). Then, the influence of electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ ≤ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH of water (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10), and distance between electrodes (5 ≤ ϕ ≤ 15) on the defluoridation of water was analysed. The effect of the electrolysing activity on the electrodes' morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the operational cost was calculated. The results confirmed the removal of fluoride using S-SECR met the guideline of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fluoride levels in drinking water of ≤1.5 mg/L. S-SECR abated fluoride concentration from 20 mg/L to the WHO's guideline at δ, ϕ, pH, operational cost, and power consumption of 2.5 mA cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, and 5.03 kWh m−3, respectively. It was also found the S-SECR enhanced the detention time by 190% compared to the traditional reactors. The appearance of dents and irregularities on the surface of anodes in the SEM images proves the electrolysing process.
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| 47. |
- Abdulwahd, Abdulrazaq K., et al.
(author)
-
Water Runoff Estimation Using Geographical Information System (GIS) for Alrakhmah Basin Valley Northeast of Iraq
- 2020
-
In: Engineering. - USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 12:6, s. 315-324
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lack of water resources in many regions is the main challenge for the human being and to extended investigations. Water resources controlling and management is essential in the areas depending on the seasonal rainfall. This research aims to estimate the surface water runoff for Basin of Alrakhmah Valley located in the southwestern part of Kirkuk Province in northeastern of Iraq. Analyzing of Spatial data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the hydrological properties for the watershed valley with 158.5 km2 surface area. The results showed that watershed valley type is from the fifth rank with a longitudinal shape and topography percentage of 0.568. The watershed textures found to be 3.24 and the drain density 1.5 at 3.49 river branching. Finally, the annual estimated surface water retreat according to the morpho-hydro climatic elements found to be 0.01286233 milliard cubic meter.
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| 48. |
- Abdunabiev, Isomiddin, et al.
(author)
-
An Auto-Scaling Architecture for Container Clusters Using Deep Learning
- 2021
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In: 2021년도 대한전자공학회 하계종합학술대회 논문집. - : DBpia. ; , s. 1660-1663
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the past decade, cloud computing has become one of the essential techniques of many business areas, including social media, online shopping, music streaming, and many more. It is difficult for cloud providers to provision their systems in advance due to fluctuating changes in input workload and resultant resource demand. Therefore, there is a need for auto-scaling technology that can dynamically adjust resource allocation of cloud services based on incoming workload. In this paper, we present a predictive auto-scaler for Kubernetes environments to improve the quality of service. Being based on a proactive model, our proposed auto-scaling method serves as a foundation on which to build scalable and resource-efficient cloud systems.
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| 49. |
- Abed Hussain, Tariq, et al.
(author)
-
Simulation of the ground water flow in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
- 2021
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In: Environmental Earth Sciences. - USA : Springer Nature. - 1866-6280 .- 1866-6299. ; 80, s. 1-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The investigation region is found in the central part of Iraq within the of Karbala Governorate, where it is located in thewestern part of the Governorate and Lake Razaza in the north of the region, while in the western and southern part of theregion is Anbar Governorate and geographically (43° 10′ 25.7″, 43° 39″ 0.3″) longitude and (32° 10′ 25.7″, 32° 36′ 25.7″)latitude. The area of study is about 2400 Km2.The groundwater modeling system (GMS) v10.3 program was used for themodeling of ground water in the area containing about 22 wells distributed throughout the study area and the discharge ofthese wells ranges from 7 to 100 l/s and the rate of discharge of these wells up to 36 l/s. The model was initially operatedwithin a steady state and after obtaining a match between the models results with the initial values of groundwater levels,the results of this case were adopted as inputs to run the model within the unsteady state. The model was worked within thesight of the above wells for 3 years and the results of the operation indicate a decrease in groundwater levels ranging from2 to 21 m distributed uniformly throughout the study area.
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| 50. |
- Abed, Salwan Ali, et al.
(author)
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Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of severe metal pollution of street dust from various urban regions in Baghdad, Iraq
- 2020
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In: E3S Web of Conferences. - France : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242. ; 158:1, s. 1-6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study sought to define the metals bioaccumulation from street dust in Baghdad, Iraq for the first time. The samples were collected that research the levels, sources, and health hazard model Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The geo accumulation Index (Igeo) found that the contamination level for Cd was moderately to strongly polluted in Karada, Jihad and Kinidi streets. Hence, it is important to measure the level of cadmium in the local environment. The relative bioaccumulation of chromium was high in Jadriyah Street (87.2%). The PCA showed two major sources of these minerals in Baghdad road dust that Cd, Zn are likely to originate from tire wear, brake wear and vehicular emissions as well as the fact that Cr and Cu originate from metal-processing industries. Assessing hazard to human health utilized measure population show suggested both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards minerals Baghdad road dust harmless to human environment.
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