| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lindahl, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Animal-related injury risks in dairy farming
- 2012
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In: Landskap, trädgård, jordbruk : rapportserie. - 1654-5427. ; 2012, s. 71-71
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background and aim Animal-related occupational injuries in agriculture are common and potentially severe and costly. In Sweden, animal-related injuries represents about ¼ of all injuries in agriculture. A majority of animal-related injuries involve cattle, and especially dairy cattle seem to be frequently involved. The fatal injuries related to animals were caused by attacks from cows or bulls. Despite the large number of documented animal-related injuries in dairy farming, the issue has received relatively limited attention in the scientific literature. This study is part of a PhD project with focus on prevention of occupational accidents in dairy farming. The aim was to get a deeper understanding of when and why hazardous situations occur during animal handling and to identify factors affecting risk and safety during animal handling. Methods On 12 commercial dairy farms, the collection of cows to milking and claw trimming was studied from the perspective of the handler, the animals and the facilities. The collection of data was carried out during spring 2012 and will continue in autumn. Data collection includes: Behavioural observations of handler and cows Heart rate measurements of handler and cows perceived stress, attitudes to cows and to handling of cowsQuestionnaire on handler’s risk perception, attitudes to risk, safety locus of control, Design of the facility: checklist and short interview Results Data will be analysed during autumn 2012. The results are expected to give some insight to how the handler’s risk and stress perception, attitudes and behavioural intentions are related to behaviour towards cows and risk potential during animal handling. The results will be used to identify underlying causes of injury risks during animal handling in dairy farms and to suggest possible prevention strategies.
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| 43. |
- Lindahl, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Occupational Health and Safety Aspects of Animal Handling in Dairy Production
- 2013
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In: Journal of Agromedicine. - 1059-924X .- 1545-0813. ; 18:3, s. 274-283
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Livestock handling in dairy production is associated with a number of health and safety issues. A large number of fatal and nonfatal injuries still occur when handling livestock. The many animal handling tasks on a dairy farm include moving cattle between different locations, vaccination, administration of medication, hoof care, artificial insemination, ear tagging, milking, and loading onto trucks. There are particular problems with bulls, which continue to cause considerable numbers of injuries and fatalities in dairy production. In order to reduce the number of injuries during animal handling on dairy farms, it is important to understand the key factors in human-animal interactions. These include handler attitudes and behavior, animal behavior, and fear in cows. Care when in close proximity to the animal is the key for safe handling, including knowledge of the flight zone, and use of the right types of tools and suitable restraint equipment. Thus, in order to create safe working conditions during livestock handling, it is important to provide handlers with adequate training and to establish sound safety management procedures on the farm.
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| 44. |
- Lindahl, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Dairy Farmers' Perceptions of Animal-Related Injuries
- 2012
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In: Journal of Agromedicine. - 1059-924X .- 1545-0813. ; 17:4, s. 364-376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animal-related injuries are among the most common occupational injuries in agriculture. Despite the large number of documented animal-related injuries in dairy farming, the issue has received relatively limited attention in the scientific literature. The farmers' own perspectives and views on risks and safety during livestock handling and what they think are effective ways of preventing injuries are valuable for the future design of effective interventions. This paper presents results from a qualitative study with the aim to investigate Swedish dairy farmers' own experience of animal-related occupational injuries, as well as their perceptions of and attitudes towards them, including risk and safety issues, and prevention measures. A total of 12 dairy farmers with loose housing systems participated in the study. Data collection was conducted by means of semistructured in-depth interviews. Three main themes with an impact on risks and safety when handling cattle were identified: the handler, the cattle, and the facilities. They all interact with each other, influencing the potential risks of any work task. Most of the farmers believed that a majority of the injuries can be prevented, but there are always some incidents that are impossible to foresee. In conclusion, this study indicates that Swedish dairy farmers are aware of the dangers from working with cattle. However, even though safety is acknowledged by the farmers as an important and relevant issue, in the end safety is often forgotten or not prioritized. One concern is that farmers are willing to take calculated risks to save money or time. In situations where they work alone with high stress levels and under economic distress, safety issues are easily given low priority.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lundqvist, Peter, et al.
(author)
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ACOUSTOELASTIC EFFECTS ON THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS
- 2011
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In: Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (AIP Conference Proceedings). - : AIP. - 9780735408883 ; 1335, s. 1379-1385
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Pre-stressed concrete is used to increase the load capacity in many civil engineering structures. There is a need for non-destructive methods to estimate the potential loss of pre-stress in these structures. In this study we investigate the acoustoelastic effect on the natural resonance frequencies of a pre-stressed concrete beam. Measured resonant frequencies increase with increasing compressive stress. Results agree with predicted frequency shifts obtained from a non-linear finite element model based on Murnaghan's third order elastic theory.
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| 49. |
- Lundqvist, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Acoustoelastic Effects on the Resonance Frequencies of Prestressed Concrete Beams – Short-term Measurements
- 2012
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In: NDT & E International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0963-8695. ; 50, s. 36-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study resonant acoustic spectroscopy was applied during static loading and unloading of three prestressed concrete beams in the context of acoustoelasticity. At each load step multiple modes of vibration were measured using an accelerometer and a small impact source. It was found that the measured resonance frequencies increased with increasing compressive stress in a manner which can be predicted using a non-linear finite element model based on Murnaghan's third order elastic theory. Previous results from experimental studies on concrete bridges indicate that measured structural resonance frequencies increase with increasing prestress forces. These results have been difficult to explain theoretically and the results from this study can possibly provide a new theoretical basis for the observed stress dependency of the resonance frequencies of concrete structures. Furthermore, the results indicate that a change in the state of stress in a concrete structure can be detected or monitored by measuring one or several resonance frequencies.
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| 50. |
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