| 1. |
- Virto, Carmen, et al.
(författare)
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Candida antarctica lipase B-catalysed synthesis of dihydroxyacetone fatty acid esters
- 2000
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Ingår i: Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1024-2422 .- 1029-2446. ; 18:1, s. 13-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enzymatic syntheses of 1-lauroyl-dihydroxyacetone and 1,3-dilauroyl-dihydroxyacetone were investigated. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (SP435) was used to catalyse the acylation of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) with lauric acid in organic solvent media at controlled water activity. High conversions of dihydroxyacetone (> 90%) are achieved when the water activity is 0.11 or below in solvents of various hydrophobicities, such as diethyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and diphenyl ether. The main product in the esterification of DHA with lauric acid is 1-lauroyl-DHA, while the amount of 1,3-dilauroyl-DHA that is produced can be increased by changing the reaction conditions. Thus, decreasing the water activity from 0.75 to 0.06 resulted in an increase in the total yield of 1,3-dilauroyl-DHA from 3% to 20%. Solvents which have high log P values favoured the acylation of 1-lauroyl-DHA and thereby the formation of 1,3-dilauroyl-DHA. Thus, when diphenyl ether was used in this reaction, the yield of 1,3-dilauroyl-DHA was 45%. Complete acylation to 1,3-dilauroyl-DHA was achieved when a fatty acid vinyl ester was used as acyl donor in a closed reactor.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gordon, C., et al.
(författare)
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EULAR points to consider for conducting clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 68:4, s. 470-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-organ disease, characterised by relapses and remissions. Designing a high-quality randomised controlled trial poses many challenges. We have developed evidenced-based recommendations for points to consider in conducting clinical trials in patients with SLE. Methods: The EULAR Task Force on SLE comprised 19 specialists and a clinical epidemiologist. Initially, the evidence for clinical trial end-points in SLE was evaluated and this has been reported separately. A consensus approach was developed by the SLE Task Force in formulating recommendations for points to consider when conducting clinical trials in SLE. Results: The literature review revealed that most outcome measures used in phase 2/3 trials in SLE have not actually been validated in clinical trials, although other forms of validation have been undertaken. The final recommendations for points to consider for conducting clinical trials in SLE address the following areas: study design, eligibility criteria, outcome measures including adverse events, concomitant therapies for SLE and its complications. Conclusions: Recommendations for points to consider when conducting clinical trials in SLE were developed using an evidence-based approach followed by expert consensus. The recommendations should be disseminated, implemented and then reviewed in detail and revised using an evidence-based approach in about 5 years, by which time there will be further evidence to consider from current clinical trials.
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| 4. |
- Zeng, Xulu
(författare)
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InP/GaInP Nanowires for Tandem Junction Solar Cells : Growth, Processing, and Characterization
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowire solar cells have achieved comparable efficiency to their planar counterparts with substantial reduction of material consumption. Tandem geometry is a path towards even higher efficiency. However, extensive studies are needed to reach this goal. My study started from the building blocks of the materials used in the upper cell, namely GaInP nanowires. The growth and doping control was the focus. We achieved well-controlled GaInP nanowire arrays and effective doping control of both n-type and p-type which is needed for use in the tandem junction solar cells.In a tandem junction solar cell, a tunnel junction which is virtually a degenerately doped pn-junction is a critical component. It provides the connection between adjacent subcells with low-resistivity and optical-transparency. With the knowledge obtained from our doping evaluation studies, we established the growth of InP/GaInP heterojunction nanowires with degenerate doping achieved at the material heterointerface which is the prerequisite for the tunneling effect. The tunnel diodes were realized in both forward (InP/GaInP) and reverse (GaInP/InP) directions. This enabled the tandem structures in the forward (InP subcell (bottom)/GaInP subcell (top)) and reverse (GaInP subcell (bottom)/InP subcell (top)) direction. (To enable the use of the reverse tandem structure, peel-off of the nanowires is needed since the higher-bandgap GaInP subcell should be on the top of the tandem structure in applications.)When the tunnel junction is incorporated into multiple pn-junction structures, the growth of the complex structure can bring extra influence to the entire device performance due to the VLS growth mechanism of nanowires. To simplify the diagnostics of tandem junction structures, we designed a test structure which connects a tunnel junction back to back with a p-i-n junction (namely a ‘n-pin’ structure). The n-pin structure has both ends of n-type, facilitating Ohmic contact formation. We found that a strong memory effect from the firstly-grown segment can non-intentionally dope the following segments. To overcome this challenge, compensation doping will probably be needed. The transfer of large area nanowire arrays to cheap substrates can significantly reduce the material cost. We developed an effective technology to embed the nanowire arrays into a polymer film and peel the film off from the native substrate. These studies pave the way to the realization of the first InP/GaInP nanowire tandem junction solar cell. The peel-off technique will also be of broad interests for reducing the fabrication cost of other nanowire devices, such as light emitting diodes and photodetectors.
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| 5. |
- Bátori, Veronika, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic degradation of bioplastics: A review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X. ; 80, s. 406-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), leading to renewableenergy production in the form of methane, is a preferable method for dealing with the increasing amountof waste. Food waste is separated at the source in many countries for anaerobic digestion. However, thepresence of plastic bags is a major challenge for such processes. This study investigated the anaerobicdegradability of different bioplastics, aiming at potential use as collecting bags for the OFMSW. Thechemical composition of the bioplastics and the microbial community structure in the AD processaffected the biodegradation of the bioplastics. Some biopolymers can be degraded at hydraulic retentiontimes usually applied at the biogas plants, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, starch, cellulose and pectin,so no possible contamination would occur. In the future, updated standardization of collecting bags forthe OFMSW will be required to meet the requirements of effective operation of a biogas plant.
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| 6. |
- Borgström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Retaining multi-functionality in a rapidly changing urban landscape : insights from a participatory, resilience thinking process in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance, Inc.. - 1708-3087. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban social-ecological resilience research has focused on conceptual explorations, while less attention has been paid to how resilience thinking in practice may inform urban development. Using the rapidly urbanizing landscape in Stockholm as a case, we explore the urban specifics of resilience thinking practice and thereby contribute to the development of knowledge and practice of social-ecological resilience thinking generally. The study addresses an urban wicked problem: how to ensure that people continue to have access to the means necessary to realize benefits from green blue infrastructure, when the city is changing and governance is fragmented. Drawing on insights from the design and implementation of a participatory dialogue process, we outline methodological adaptations to a resilience informed system exploration, to better accommodate the complexity of urban systems. The participatory process included three phases: basic system understanding, dealing with change over time, and identifying alternative ways forward. Different knowledge elicitation and deliberation methods were deployed within workshops, surveys, and interviews, and were paralleled by a thorough reflexive analysis of process outcomes. The main discussion points are stakeholder participation, the role of discourses, identities and mandates, agency, and adaptive capacity, and alternative strategies for dealing with change. Deep knowledge of the complexities of urban land use and governance requires the involvement of diverse stakeholders. Handling this diversity poses a challenge for process design: combining the ambition of an inclusive process and the need to be relevant with the use of bridging concepts increases the risk of reducing the level of complexity of the deliberative process. There is also a risk of participation bias, where stakeholders knowledgeable about the green blue infrastructure are easier to engage compared to stakeholders with knowledge about drivers of change and urban governance, which will influence the system understanding and envisioned alternative pathways for taking action.
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| 7. |
- Hincks, Rebecca, Associate Professor, 1959-
(författare)
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Pronunciation Assessment Using Speech Technology
- 2013
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH ANNUAL PRONUNCIATION IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING CONFERENCE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After decades of research, language technologies finally entered the mass market in the fall of 2011 with the release of the iPhone 4, whose main innovation was the introduction of Siri, the virtual, speech-directed personal assistant. As we become more comfortable with speech interfaces, we can expect growing trust in their use for pedagogical purposes. Language technologies are, relatively speaking, better at assessing pronunciation than at teaching it. Speech recognition (ASR) can identify deviant phonemes, without being able to easily provide a learner with information about what needs to be adjusted in terms of articulation. My contribution to the round table will report on the research challenges faced by engineers designing pronunciation training and assessment systems, and evaluate the strengths and weakness of automatic pronunciation testing.
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| 8. |
- Lindborg, L, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of HyCoSy on spontaneous pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human reproduction (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 24:5, s. 1075-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to test whether the use of sonography contrast could enhance the chance of spontaneous clinical pregnancy in women undergoing subfertility investigation.
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| 9. |
- Linton, Steven J., 1952-
(författare)
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Why does chronic pain develop? A behavioral approach
- 2002. - 1
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Ingår i: New avenues for the prevention of chronic musculoskeletal pain and disability. - : Elsevier. - 9780444507228 ; , s. 67-82
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Maigre, Riina, et al.
(författare)
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Handling Large Web Services Models in a Federated Governmental Information System
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW 2008. - : IEEE. - 9780769531632 ; , s. 626-631
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments with large service models of a federated governmental information system are described. Large syntactic Web service models are being used for automatic composition of services in an e-government information system. A visual tool developed in software environment CoCoViLa has been used for handling syntactic service models and synthesis of compound services. For a given specification and a goal, the tool synthesizes a program that generates a service description in OWL-S and BPEL.
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