| 1. |
- Patacchini, Eleonora, et al.
(author)
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Neighborhood effects and parental involvement in the intergenerational transmission of education
- 2011
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In: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:5, s. 987-1013
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyze the intergenerational transmission of education focusing on the interplay between family and neighborhood effects. We develop a theoretical model suggesting that both neighborhood quality and parental effort are of importance for the education attained by children. This model proposes a mechanism explaining why and how they are of importance, distinguishing between high- and low-educated parents. We then bring this model to the data using a longitudinal dataset in Britain. The available information on social housing in big cities allows us to identify the role of neighborhood in educational outcomes. We find that the better the quality of the neighborhood, the higher is the parents' involvement in their children's education. A novel finding with respect to previous U.S. studies is that family is of importance for children with highly educated parents while it is the community that is crucial for the educational achievement of children from low-educated families.
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| 2. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-
(author)
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Rural-urban Migration and Unemployment : Theory and Policy Implications
- 2011
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In: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:1, s. 65-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We develop a regional model where, in the city, unemployment prevails because of too high (efficiency) wages, while, in the rural area, workers are paid at their marginal productivity. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and show that it is unique. We then consider two policies: decreasing urban unemployment benefits and subsidizing urban employment. We find that decreasing the unemployment benefit in the city creates urban jobs and reduces rural-urban migration since new migrants have to spend some time unemployed before they can find a job in the city. On the other hand, raising employment subsidies increases urban employment but may also increase urban unemployment because it triggers more rural-urban migration. In this respect, the employment subsidy policy can backfire by raising rather than reducing urban unemployment.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Strumsky, Deborah, et al.
(author)
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Profiling U.S. metropolitan regions by their social research networks and regional economic performance
- 2013
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In: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 53:5, s. 813-833
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- On the premise that knowledge creation defines contemporary metropolitan regions, we profile them by their inventive networks, as measured by a variety of complementary social network, technology, and patenting metrics that distinguish scalar and structural aspects. Using a comprehensive, multiyear database of patent applications, we investigate whether the knowledge creation network profiles are discriminating characteristics of metropolitan regions by establishing a new urban taxonomy for metropolitan areas in the United States. The four-class taxonomy is not only statistically significant, but it is also economically meaningful in terms of economic performance of metropolitan areas. We find that metropolitan areas benefit from a higher density of inventors in the population, and that there is a positive correlation between economic performance and metropolitan areas with inventor teams working in similar or complementary areas of technology. In fact, the structure of knowledge creation networks are fundamental to economic performance and extends to metropolitan growth rates in jobs and income.
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| 7. |
- Xiao, Wei
(author)
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SEARCH FRICTIONS, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND HOUSING IN CITIES : THEORY AND POLICIES
- 2014
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In: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 54:3, s. 422-449
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose an urban search-matching model with land development. Wages, unemployment, prices of housing and land are endogenously determined. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and then discuss the issue of efficiency. To explore interactions among markets, we implement comparative static analysis. We also consider three policies: an entry-cost policy that reduces firms' entry, a transportation policy that reduces commuting costs, and a housing policy that decreases rental prices. We find that the transportation and housing policies are more efficient if the unemployment rate is low, while the entry-cost policy is more efficient if the unemployment rate is high.
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| 8. |
- Henningsson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Aerodynamics of gliding flight in common swifts.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 214:Pt 3, s. 382-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gliding flight performance and wake topology of a common swift (Apus apus L.) were examined in a wind tunnel at speeds between 7 and 11 m s(-1). The tunnel was tilted to simulate descending flight at different sink speeds. The swift varied its wingspan, wing area and tail span over the speed range. Wingspan decreased linearly with speed, whereas tail span decreased in a nonlinear manner. For each airspeed, the minimum glide angle was found. The corresponding sink speeds showed a curvilinear relationship with airspeed, with a minimum sink speed at 8.1 m s(-1) and a speed of best glide at 9.4 m s(-1). Lift-to-drag ratio was calculated for each airspeed and tilt angle combinations and the maximum for each speed showed a curvilinear relationship with airspeed, with a maximum of 12.5 at an airspeed of 9.5 m s(-1). Wake was sampled in the transverse plane using stereo digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The main structures of the wake were a pair of trailing wingtip vortices and a pair of trailing tail vortices. Circulation of these was measured and a model was constructed that showed good weight support. Parasite drag was estimated from the wake defect measured in the wake behind the body. Parasite drag coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.22 over the range of airspeeds. Induced drag was calculated and used to estimate profile drag coefficient, which was found to be in the same range as that previously measured on a Harris' hawk.
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