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- Johansson, Lars Age, et al.
(author)
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Counting the dead and what they died of.
- 2006
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In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 84:3, s. 254-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Ljung, Rickard, et al.
(author)
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Socioeconomic differences in the burden of disease in Sweden
- 2005
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In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 83:2, s. 92-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:We sought to analyse how much of the total burden of disease in Sweden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is a result of inequalities in health between socioeconomic groups. We also sought to determine how this unequal burden is distributed across different disease groups and socioeconomic groups.METHODS:Our analysis used data from the Swedish Burden of Disease Study. We studied all Swedish men and women in three age groups (15-44, 45-64, 65-84) and five major socioeconomic groups. The 18 disease and injury groups that contributed to 65% of the total burden of disease were analysed using attributable fractions and the slope index of inequality and the relative index of inequality.FINDINGS:About 30% of the burden of disease among women and 37% of the burden among men is a differential burden resulting from socioeconomic inequalities in health. A large part of this unequally distributed burden falls on unskilled manual workers. The largest contributors to inequalities in health for women are ischaemic heart disease, depression and neurosis, and stroke. For men, the largest contributors are ischaemic heart disease, alcohol addiction and self-inflicted injuries.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to use socioeconomic differences, measured by socioeconomic position, to assess the burden of disease using DALYs. We found that in Sweden one-third of the burden of the diseases we studied is unequally distributed. Studies of socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of disease that take both mortality and morbidity into account can help policy-makers understand the magnitude of inequalities in health for different disease groups.
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- Petersen, Poul Erik, et al.
(author)
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Oral Health Information Systems : Towards Measuring Progress in Oral Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
- 2005
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In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 83:9, s. 686-693
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article describes the essential components of oral health information systems for the analysis of trends in oral disease and the evaluation of oral health programmes at the country, regional and global levels. Standard methodology for the collection of epidemiological data on oral health has been designed by WHO and used by countries worldwide for the surveillance of oral disease and health. Global, regional and national oral health databanks have highlighted the changing patterns of oral disease which primarily reflect changing risk profiles and the implementation of oral health programmes oriented towards disease prevention and health promotion. The WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile Programme (CAPP) provides data on oral health from countries, as well as programme experiences and ideas targeted to oral health professionals, policy-makers, health planners, researchers and the general public. WHO has developed global and regional oral health databanks for surveillance, and international projects have designed oral health indicators for use in oral health information systems for assessing the quality of oral health care and surveillance systems. Modern oral health information systems are being developed within the framework of the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable, chronic disease, and data stored in the WHO Global InfoBase may allow advanced health systems research. Sound knowledge about progress made in prevention of oral and chronic disease and in health promotion may assist countries to implement effective public health programmes to the benefit of the poor and disadvantaged population groups worldwide.
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- Timpka, Toomas, et al.
(author)
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Population-based simulations of influenza pandemics : validity and significance for public health policy
- 2009
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In: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 87:4, s. 305-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To examine the validity and usefulness of pandemic simulations aimed at informing practical decision-making in public health. Methods We recruited a multidisciplinary group of nine experts to assess a case-study simulation of influenza transmission in a Swedish county. We used a non-statistical nominal group technique to generate evaluations of the plausibility, formal validity (verification) and predictive validity of the simulation. A health-effect assessment structure was used as a framework for data collection. Findings The unpredictability, of social order during disasters was not adequately addressed by simulation methods; even minor disruptions of the social order may invalidate key infrastructural assumptions underpinning current pandemic simulation models. Further, a direct relationship between model flexibility and computation time was noted. Consequently, simulation methods cannot, in practice, support integrated modifications of microbiological, epidemiological and spatial submodels or handle multiple parallel scenarios. Conclusion The combination of incomplete surveillance data and simulation methods that neglect social dynamics limits the ability of national public health agencies to provide policy-makers and the general public with the critical and timely information needed during a pandemic.
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