| 1. |
- Allebeck, P, et al.
(author)
-
Drug induced psychosis
- 1996
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 169:1, s. 114-115
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 2. |
- Bingefors, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Antidepressant-treated patients in ambulatory care : Mortality during a nine-year period after first treatment
- 1996
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 169:5, s. 647-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUNDNon-institutionalised patients treated with antidepressants have been shown to have indicators of a generalised vulnerability, such as high rates of health service use and excessive prescription drug use. Therefore, mortality in this patient group is of interest.METHODAll first-incidence antidepressant users in a defined population during a five-year period were identified. Their total mortality during a nine-year follow-up was analysed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse total mortality, and mortality in cardiovascular disease, controlling for baseline chronic medical disease.RESULTSAntidepressant treatment at the index date was a statistically significant predictor for increased long-term mortality in the over-65s, even when controlling for pre-existing chronic medical disease. Baseline ischaemic heart disease and concurrent antidepressant treatment significantly predicted mortality from cardiovascular causes.CONCLUSIONPrescribed antidepressant treatment identifies patients who are at risk of increased mortality. For the physician in ambulatory care, knowledge of a patient's antidepressant treatment history may be a valuable tool in managing patient care.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bingefors, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Antidepressant-treated patients in ambulatory care long-term use of non-psychotropic and psychotropic drugs
- 1996
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 168:3, s. 292-98
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AbstractBackground. Despite the problems involved in treating depression and concomitant medical disease, there are virtually no longitudinal studies on drug utilisation among depressed patients.MethodUse of prescription drugs among all first-time users of antidepressants in a defined population five years before and six years after the index (first) treatment was compared to a referent group without antidepressant treatment. The generalised estimating equations (GEE) method was used for analysis.ResultsThe antidepressant-treated group used considerably more non-psychotropic drugs during the whole study period than the referent group. They also used more psychotropic drugs, a use which increased in connection with the initiation of antidepressant treatment, and stayed high for a further five years.ConclusionsThe high use of prescription drugs indicated widespread somatic and psychiatric health problems during the whole study period. Antidepressant-treated patients are at risk for drug interactions and adverse effects, and would benefit from a closer collaboration between psychiatry and medicine.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dahl, ML, et al.
(author)
-
Paroxetine withdrawal syndrome in a neonate
- 1997
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 171, s. 391-392
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 5. |
- Elfgren, C I, et al.
(author)
-
Performance on neuropsychological tests related to single photon emission computerised tomography findings in frontotemporal dementia
- 1996
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 169:4, s. 22-416
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study examines relations between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and neuropsychological test results, age at onset and duration of disease in patients with frontotemporal-type dementia (FTD).METHOD: Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of probable FTD were examined using single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-HMPAO as the tracer. The rCBF of 14 regions of interest relative to cerebellar blood flow was calculated. Psychological tests assessing language, verbal fluency, memory and visuospatial constructive ability were given.RESULTS: Correlations were demonstrated between a global impairment score and relative blood flow in lateral frontal, medial frontal and left orbital frontal areas. Verbal fluency scores correlated with left lateral frontal, medial frontal and left anterior inferior temporal blood flow. No relationships between decrease in CBF and age at onset or duration of disease, or between impaired cognitive function and age at onset or duration of disease were found.CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a close coupling between reduced rCBF and specific neuropsychological deficits in FTD.
|
|
| 6. |
- Forsell, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Epidemiology of paranoid symptoms in an elderly population
- 1998
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 172, s. 429-432
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elderly people with paranoid symptoms are a taxing group for medical and social services, but studies of the prevalence of these symptoms in the general elderly population are rare. This study aimed to estimate the community prevalence and to identify some associated variables.MethodA community sample of 1420 elderly people, was extensively examined by nurses and physicians.ResultsParanoid ideation was found in 6.3% of the sample. The prevalence in people with cognitive dysfunction (n=381, 12.1%) was higher than in those without (n=1039, 2.6%). Once cognitive impairment had been controlled the associated variables were: being divorced, being female, having depressive symptoms, using psychotropic drugs, having no friends or visitors, using community care and being an immigrant.ConclusionParanoid symptoms in this elderly population were associated most strongly with cognitive impairment. Other associated variables pointed to a higher level of social isolation than others in the community.
|
|
| 7. |
- Forsell, Y, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence and correlates of depression in a population of nonagenarians
- 1995
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 167:1, s. 61-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND Clinicians see many more nonagenarian patients now and there is a need for epidemiological data relating to this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in this age group.METHOD The DSM-IV and the ICD-10 criteria for depression were used and correlated with physical health, disability in daily life, gender, use of drugs, social circumstances and cognitive dysfunction. Data were derived from 329 persons aged 90 and over, registered in a parish of Stockholm, who had been extensively examined by physicians and nurses.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Major Depressive Episode as defined in DSM-IV was 7.9%; and of mild, moderate and severe Depressive Episode (combined); as defined in ICD-10 9.1%. No gender difference was found. Disability in daily life and the use of psychotropic drugs were found to correlate with depressive symptoms and syndromes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hultman, CM, et al.
(author)
-
Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia
- 1997
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 170, s. 128-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examines the effects of independent, single pre- and perinatal risk factors and rates of obstetric complications upon the subsequent development of schizophrenia.MethodThis study was based on prospectively recorded birth records of 107 cases (82 with schizophrenic disorders and 25 with other psychotic reactions) and 214 controls, individually matched by gender and time and place of birth. Variables univariately associated with significantly elevated risk were entered in a logistic regression model.ResultsA high non-optimality summary score (> or = 7 complications of 34 possible) was a significant risk estimate for the total index group (OR 4.58, 95% CI 1.74–12.03) and the 82 schizophrenic patients (OR 3.67, CI 1.30–10.36). Patients with 2–6 complications also had an increased, although lower, risk (OR 1.67, CI 1.02–2.75). A disproportionate birth weight for body length (OR 3.57, CI 1.77–7.19) and a small head circumference (OR 3.93, CI 1.32–11.71) were the strongest independent risk factors.ConclusionsA contribution of obstetric complications to the risk of schizophrenia was confirmed. Only aberrations in physical size remained as individual independent risk factors.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Isacsson, G, et al.
(author)
-
Psychotropics and suicide prevention. Implications from toxicological screening of 5281 suicides in Sweden 1992-1994
- 1999
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 174, s. 259-265
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systematic clinical investigations of consecutive suicides have found psychiatric disorders in 90–95% of subjects (depressive disorder 30–87%).AimsTo investigate use of psychotropics in men and women of different ages who commit suicide.MethodResults of toxicological screening in 5281 suicides in Sweden 1992–94 were studied.ResultsPsychotropics were detected in 45.3% of the suicides. Antidepressants were detected in 12.4% of the men and 26.2% of the women (7.2% and 14.2%, respectively, of those under 30 years of age). Neuroleptics or antiepileptics (in the absence of antidepressants) were detected in 8.3%, and anxiolytics/hypnotics alone in 20.5% of the subjects. Overdose by an antidepressant was the probable cause of death in 2.1% of the men and 7.9% of the women.ConclusionsThe pattern of psychotropics detected in toxicology was incongruent with the pattern of diagnoses found in the clinical investigations of suicides mentioned above. Depression appears to be undertreated in individuals committing suicide, especially in men and in subjects under 30 years of age.
|
|
| 11. |
- Kendler, KS, et al.
(author)
-
Multivariate genetic analysis of the causes of temperance board registrations. In all Swedish male-male [correction of male-female] twin pairs born 1926-1949
- 1998
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 172, s. 268-272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Temperance Boards in Sweden registered individuals for three reasons: public drunkenness, driving under the influence of alcohol and committing a crime in connection with alcohol. We wanted to ascertain whether these three forms of alcohol-related problems result from similar or different genetic and environmental risk factors.MethodWe conducted a trivariate twin analysis of these three causes of registration in all male-female twin pairs of known zygosity born in Sweden, 1926–1949 (n=5177 twin pairs).ResultsPrevalences of registration for public drunkenness, drink-driving and alcohol-related crime were, respectively, 9.0, 3.6 and 4.0%. The best-fitting model had one general genetic and one general familial – environmental factor with specific genetic risk factors for drink-driving and specific familial – environmental risk factors for alcohol-related crime.ConclusionsThe three causes for alcohol registration in Sweden largely reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors. Estimated heritabilities were similar for the three forms of registration. However, specific genetic risk factors exist for drink-driving and specific familial – environmental risk factors for alcohol-related crime. Genetic factors are somewhat less important and familial –environmental factors more important for public drunkenness than for drink-driving and alcohol related crime.
|
|
| 12. |
- SULLIVAN, PF, et al.
(author)
-
The significance of a history of childhood sexual abuse in bulimia nervosa
- 1995
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250. ; 167:5, s. 679-682
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is found to have occurred to a substantial minority of women with bulimia nervosa. Its clinical significance is unclear.MethodWe studied 87 bulimic women in a clinical trial. Structured interviews determined the presence of CSA, DSM–III–R disorders, global functioning, and depressive and bulimic symptoms.ResultsForty-four per cent reported a history of CSA. Bulimic women with CSA reported earlier onset of bulimia, greater depressive symptoms, worse global functioning and more suicide attempts, and were more likely to meet criteria for bipolar II disorder, alcohol and drug dependence, conduct disorder and avoidant personality disorder.ConclusionsAlthough those with CSA had greater comorbidity, it was not an important modifier of bulimic symptoms.
|
|
| 13. |
- Thomsen, S, et al.
(author)
-
Predictors of a healthy workplace for Swedish and English psychiatrists
- 1998
-
In: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 173, s. 80-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few studies have attempted to analyse the organisational aspects of the workplace that may affect the well-being of psychiatrists and even fewer have offered insights into what a positive workplace might look like. This study provides an outline of such a workplace, with reference to individual and organisational factors. In addition, a comparison is made between two European cities to check for cultural differences.MethodThree hundred and eighty psychiatrists from Stockholm and Birmingham responded to a previously tested questionnaire on their work environment.ResultsPredictors of a positive workplace for psychiatrists were: high self-esteem, satisfactory support with work-related problems, lower perceived workload, positive view of leadership, low work-related exhaustion and having a sense of participation in the organisation. There were few cultural differences.ConclusionsMeasures should be taken to improve leadership skills for managers, to offer more support for work-related problems, and to allow psychiatrists to participate more in the organisation.
|
|
