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- Black, Melissa H., et al.
(author)
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Mechanisms of facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders : Insights from eye tracking and electroencephalography
- 2017
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 80, s. 488-515
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While behavioural difficulties in facial emotion recognition (FER) have been observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), behavioural studies alone are not suited to elucidate the specific nature of FER challenges in ASD. Eye tracking (ET) and electroencephalography (EEG) provide insights in to the attentional and neurological correlates of performance, and may therefore provide insight in to the mechanisms underpinning FER in ASD. Given that these processes develop over the course of the developmental trajectory, there is a need to synthesise findings in regard to the developmental stages to determine how the maturation of these systems may impact FER in ASD. We conducted a systematic review of fifty-four studies investigating ET or EEG meeting inclusion criteria. Findings indicate divergence of visual processing pathways in individuals with ASD. Altered function of the social brain in ASD impacts the processing of facial emotion across the developmental trajectory, resulting in observable differences in ET and EEG outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Borsook, D., et al.
(author)
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Reward deficiency and anti-reward in pain chronification
- 2016
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 68, s. 282-297
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Converging lines of evidence suggest that the pathophysiology of pain is mediated to a substantial degree via allostatic neuroadaptations in reward- and stress-related brain circuits. Thus, reward deficiency (RD) represents a within-system neuroadaptation to pain-induced protracted activation of the reward circuits that leads to depletion-like hypodopaminergia, clinically manifested anhedonia, and diminished motivation for natural reinforcers. Anti-reward (AR) conversely pertains to a between-systems neuroadaptation involving over-recruitment of key limbic structures (e.g., the central and basolateral amygdala nuclei, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral tegmental noradrenergic nuclei of the brain stem, the hippocampus and the habenula) responsible for massive outpouring of stressogenic neurochemicals (e.g., norepinephrine, corticotropin releasing factor, vasopressin, hypocretin, and substance P) giving rise to such negative affective states as anxiety, fear and depression. We propose here the Combined Reward deficiency and Anti-reward Model (CReAM), in which biopsychosocial variables modulating brain reward, motivation and stress functions can interact in a 'downward spiral' fashion to exacerbate the intensity, chronicity and comorbidities of chronic pain syndromes (i.e., pain chronification).
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- Brander, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
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Systematic review of environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A proposed roadmap from association to causation
- 2016
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 65, s. 36-62
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To synthesize the current knowledge on possible environmental risk factors for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).Method: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up until October 6, 2015, employing relevant keywords and MeSH terms.Results: 128 studies met inclusion criteria. Potential environmental risk factors for OCD have been identified in the broad areas of perinatal complications, reproductive cycle, and stressful life events. There is limited evidence regarding other potential risk factors, such as parental age, season of birth, socioeconomic status, parental rearing practices, infections, traumatic brain injury, substance use or vitamin deficiency. In general, studies were of limited methodological quality.Conclusions: At present, no environmental risk factors have convincingly been associated with OCD. We propose a roadmap for future studies, consisting of longitudinal, population-based research, employing quasi-experimental family and twin designs to identify risk factors that are not only associated with the disorder but also contribute to its causation either directly or moderating the effect of genes.
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| 8. |
- Canevelli, Marco, et al.
(author)
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Race reporting and disparities in clinical trials on Alzheimer's disease : A systematic review
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 101, s. 122-128
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Race is an important health determinant and should adequately be considered in research and drug development protocols targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods: A systematic review of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the currently marketed treatments for AD was conducted with the aim of 1) documenting the reporting of race, and 2) exploring the impact of race on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the considered medications.Results: Overall, 59.2% of the 49 retained RCTs reported information concerning the race of participants. Only a striking minority of enrolled patients was constituted of blacks and Hispanics. None on the retained studies reported results on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the tested treatment separately for racial groups nor performed sensitivity analyses accounting for the race of participants.Discussion: Race has insufficiently been reported in previous interventional studies on AD. Its potential association with the effectiveness and safety/tolerability of the tested medications has completely been neglected.
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| 9. |
- Fullana, MA, et al.
(author)
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Amygdala where art thou?
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7528 .- 0149-7634. ; 102, s. 430-431
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 11. |
- Gaudio, Santino, et al.
(author)
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A systematic review of resting-state functional-MRI studies in anorexia nervosa : Evidence for functional connectivity impairment in cognitive control and visuospatial and body-signal integration
- 2016
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 71, s. 578-589
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper systematically reviews the literature pertaining to the use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in anorexia nervosa (AN), classifying studies on the basis of different analysis approaches. We followed PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen papers were included, investigating a total of 294 participants with current or past AN and 285 controls. The studies used seed-based, whole-brain independent component analysis (ICA), network-of-interest ICA based and graph analysis approaches. The studies showed relatively consistent overlap in results, yet little overlap in their analytical approach and/or a-priori assumptions. Functional connectivity alterations were mainly found in the corticolimbic circuitry, involved in cognitive control and visual and homeostatic integration. Some overlapping findings were found in brain areas putatively important in AN, such as the insula. These results suggest altered functional connectivity in networks/areas linked to the main symptom domains of AN, such as impaired cognitive control and body image disturbances. These preliminary evidences suggest that more targeted treatments need to be developed that focus on these two symptom domains. Further studies with multi-approach analyses and longitudinal designs are needed to better understand the complexity of AN.
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| 12. |
- Grande, Giulia, et al.
(author)
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Co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty, and incidence of dementia : Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 107, s. 96-103
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Cognitive impairment and frailty are important health determinants, independently associated with increased dementia risk. In this meta-analysis we aimed to quantify the association of the co-occurrence of cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and physical frailty with incident dementia. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used when reporting this review. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for relevant articles. Longitudinal studies enrolling individuals with both CIND and physical frailty and reporting dementia incidence were eligible. Pooled estimates were obtained through random effect models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Results: Out of 3684 articles, five (14302 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison to participants free from frailty and CIND, the pooled hazard ratio for dementia was 3.83 (95% confidence interval (CI]: 2.64-5.56) for isolated CIND, 1.47 (95%CI: 0.89-2.40) for isolated physical frailty, and 5.36 (95%CI: 3.26-8.81) for their co-occurrence. Discussion: The co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty is a clinical marker of incident dementia.
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| 13. |
- Kress, Laura, et al.
(author)
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The link between optimism bias and attention bias : A neurocognitive perspective.
- 2017
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 80, s. 688-702
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both optimism bias and reward-related attention bias have crucial implications for well-being and mental health. Yet, the extent to which the two biases interact remains unclear because, to date, they have mostly been discussed in isolation. Examining interactions between the two biases can lead to new directions in neurocognitive research by revealing their underlying cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms. In the present article, we suggest that optimism bias and reward-related attention bias mutually enforce each other and recruit a common underlying neural network. Key components of this network include specific activations in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex with connections to the amygdala. We further postulate that biased memory processes influence the interplay of optimism and reward-related attention bias. Studying such causal relations between cognitive biases reveals important information not only about normal functioning and adaptive neural pathways in maintaining mental health, but also about the development and maintenance of psychological diseases, thereby contributing to the effectiveness of treatment.
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| 14. |
- Liao, Xuhong, et al.
(author)
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Small-World Human Brain Networks : Perspectives and Challenges
- 2017
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 77, s. 286-300
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modelling the human brain as a complex network has provided a powerful mathematical framework to characterize the structural and functional architectures of the brain. In the past decade, the combination of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques and graph theoretical approaches enable us to map human structural and functional connectivity patterns (i.e., connectome) at the macroscopic level. One of the most influential findings is that human brain networks exhibit prominent small-world organization. Such a network architecture in the human brain facilitates efficient information segregation and integration at low wiring and energy costs, which presumably results from natural selection under the pressure of a cost-efficiency balance. Moreover, the small-world organization undergoes continuous changes during normal development and aging and exhibits dramatic alterations in neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we survey recent advances regarding the small-world architecture in human brain networks and highlight the potential implications and applications in multidisciplinary fields, including cognitive neuroscience, medicine and engineering. Finally, we highlight several challenging issues and areas for future research in this rapidly growing field.
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| 16. |
- Marschik, PB, et al.
(author)
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Editorial
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7528 .- 0149-7634. ; 107, s. A1-A1
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 19. |
- Nilsson, Simon R. O., et al.
(author)
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The rat's not for turning : Dissociating the psychological components of cognitive inflexibility
- 2015
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 56, s. 1-14
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Executive function is commonly assessed by assays of cognitive flexibility such as reversal learning and attentional set-shifting. Disrupted performance in these assays, apparent in many neuropsychiatric disorders, is frequently interpreted as inability to overcome prior associations with reward. However, non-rewarded or irrelevant associations may be of considerable importance in both discrimination learning and cognitive flexibility. Non-rewarded associations can have greater influence on choice behaviour than rewarded associations in discrimination learning. Pathology-related deficits in cognitive flexibility can produce selective disruptions to both the processing of irrelevant associations and associations with reward. Genetic and pharmacological animal models demonstrate that modulation of reversal learning may result from alterations in either rewarded or non-rewarded associations. Successful performance in assays of cognitive flexibility can therefore depend on a combination of rewarded, non-rewarded, and irrelevant associations derived from previous learning, accounting for some inconsistencies observed in the literature. Taking this combination into account may increase the validity of animal models and may also reveal pathology-specific differences in problem solving and executive function.
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| 20. |
- Northoff, Georg, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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"Average is good, extremes are bad" - Non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between neural mechanisms and functionality of mental features
- 2019
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 104, s. 11-25
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditionally, studies emphasize differences in neural measures between pathological and healthy groups, assuming a binary distinction between the groups, and a linear relationship between neural measures and symptoms. Here, we present four examples that show a continuous relation across the divide of normal and pathological states between neural measures and mental functions. This relation can be characterized by a nonlinear inverted-U shaped curve. Along this curve, mid-range or average expression of a neural measure is associated with optimal function of a mental feature (in healthy states), whereas extreme expression, either high or low, is associated with sub-optimal function, and occurs in different neural disorders. Neural expression between the optimal or intermediate and pathological or extreme values is associated with sub-optimal function and atrisk mental states. Thus, this model of neuro-mental relationship can be summarized as "average is good, extremes are bad". By focussing on neuro-mental relationships, this model can facilitate the transition of psychiatry from a categorical to a dimensional and individualized approach needed in the era of precision medicine.
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| 22. |
- Pezzoli, Stefania, et al.
(author)
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Meta-analysis of regional white matter volume in bipolar disorder with replication in an independent sample using coordinates, T-maps, and individual MRI data
- 2018
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In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 84, s. 162-170
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Converging evidence suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with white matter (WM) abnormalities. Meta-analyses of voxel based morphometry (VBM) data is commonly performed using published coordinates, however this method is limited since it ignores non-significant data. Obtaining statistical maps from studies (T-maps) as well as raw MRI datasets increases accuracy and allows for a comprehensive analysis of clinical variables. We obtained coordinate data (7-studies), T-Maps (12-studies, including unpublished data) and raw MRI datasets (5-studies) and analysed the 24 studies using Seed-based d Mapping (SDM). A VBM analysis was conducted to verify the results in an independent sample. The meta-analysis revealed decreased WM volume in the posterior corpus callosum extending to WM in the posterior cingulate cortex. This region was significantly reduced in volume in BD patients in the independent dataset (p=0.003) but there was no association with clinical variables. We identified a robust WM volume abnormality in BD patients that may represent a trait marker of the disease and used a novel methodology to validate the findings.
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