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- Sircova, Anna, et al.
(author)
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A global look at time : a 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
- 2014
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In: SAGE Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; :4, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.
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