| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Baccini, M., et al.
(author)
-
Impact of heat on mortality in 15 european cities : attributable deaths under different weather scenarios
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 65:1, s. 64-70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: High ambient summer temperatures have been shown to influence daily mortality in cities across Europe. Quantification of the population mortality burden attributable to heat is crucial to the development of adaptive approaches. The impact of summer heat on mortality for 15 European cities during the 1990s was evaluated, under hypothetical temperature scenarios warmer and cooler than the mean and under future scenarios derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES).Methods: A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the number of deaths attributable to heat for each city. These estimates rely on the results of a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis that combines city-specific heat-mortality functions.Results: The number of heat-attributable deaths per summer ranged from 0 in Dublin to 423 in Paris. The mean attributable fraction of deaths was around 2%. The highest impact was in three Mediterranean cities (Barcelona, Rome and Valencia) and in two continental cities (Paris and Budapest). The largest impact was on persons over 75 years; however, in some cities, important proportions of heat-attributable deaths were also found for younger adults. Heat-attributable deaths markedly increased under warming scenarios. The impact under SRES scenarios was slightly lower or comparable to the impact during the observed hottest year.Conclusions: Current high summer ambient temperatures have an important impact on European population health. This impact is expected to increase in the future, according to the projected increase of mean ambient temperatures and frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fagerberg, Linn, et al.
(author)
-
Contribution of antibody-based protein profiling to the human chromosome-centric proteome project (C-HPP)
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 12:6, s. 2439-2448
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A gene-centric Human Proteome Project has been proposed to characterize the human protein-coding genes in a chromosome-centered manner to understand human biology and disease. Here, we report on the protein evidence for all genes predicted from the genome sequence based on manual annotation from literature (UniProt), antibody-based profiling in cells, tissues and organs and analysis of the transcript profiles using next generation sequencing in human cell lines of different origins. We estimate that there is good evidence for protein existence for 69% (n = 13985) of the human protein-coding genes, while 23% have only evidence on the RNA level and 7% still lack experimental evidence. Analysis of the expression patterns shows few tissue-specific proteins and approximately half of the genes expressed in all the analyzed cells. The status for each gene with regards to protein evidence is visualized in a chromosome-centric manner as part of a new version of the Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org).
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hastan, D., et al.
(author)
-
Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe : an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study
- 2011
-
In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - Copenhagen : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 66:9, s. 1216-1223
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health problem, with significant medical costs and impact on general health. Even so, prevalence figures for Europe are unavailable. In this study, conducted by the GA(2)LEN network of excellence, the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and nasal Polyps (EP(3)OS) diagnostic criteria are applied to estimate variation in the prevalence of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) for Europe. Method: A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of adults aged 1575 years in 19 centres in Europe. Participants reported symptoms of CRS, and doctor diagnosed CRS, allergic rhinitis, age, gender and smoking history. Definition of CRS was based on the EP(3)OS diagnostic criteria: the presence of more than two of the symptoms: (i) nasal blockage, (ii) nasal discharge, (iii) facial pain/pressure or (iv) reduction in sense of smell, for >12 weeks in the past year - with at least one symptom being nasal blockage or discharge. Results: Information was obtained from 57 128 responders living in 19 centres in 12 countries. The overall prevalence of CRS by EP(3)OS criteria was 10.9% (range 6.9-27.1). CRS was more common in smokers than in nonsmokers (OR 1.7: 95% CI 1.6-1.9). The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed CRS within centres was highly correlated with the prevalence of EP(3)OS-diagnosed CRS. Conclusion: This is the first European international multicentre prevalence study of CRS. In this multicentre survey of adults in Europe, about one in ten participants had CRS with marked geographical variation. Smoking was associated with having CRS in all parts of Europe.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Högberg, J., et al.
(author)
-
Creep behavior of the newly developed advanced heat resistant austenitic stainless steel grade UNS S31035
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the ASME Pressure Vessels And Piping Conference 2010. - : ASME Press. - 9780791849255 ; , s. 421-428
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The UNS S31035 austenitic stainless steel grade is a newly developed advanced heat resistant material for use in coal fired boilers at material temperatures up to about 700°C. This new grade has good resistance to oxidation and hot corrosion, and shows higher creep rupture strength than other austenitic stainless steels available today. This paper will mainly focus on the study of the creep mechanisms in this grade from 550?C up to 800°C by using TEM, SEM and LOM. the creep mechanisms at different temperatures and loading conditions have been identified. the interaction between dislocations and precipitates and their contribution on the creep rupture strength and fracture mechanisms have been discussed. In this paper, different models have been used to evaluate the long term creep behavior of the grade. A creep rupture strength near 100MPa at 700°C for 100 000h has been predicted. This makes it an interesting alternative for super-heaters and reheaters in future high-efficient coal fired boilers.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jarvis, D, et al.
(author)
-
Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis : the GA(2) LEN survey in Europe
- 2012
-
In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 67:1, s. 91-98
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of asthma and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have not been widely studied in population-based epidemiological surveys. Methods: The Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) conducted a postal questionnaire in representative samples of adults living in Europe to assess the presence of asthma and CRS defined by the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. The prevalence of self-reported current asthma by age group was determined. The association of asthma with CRS in each participating centre was assessed using logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, sex and smoking, and the effect estimates were combined using standard methods of meta-analysis. Results: Over 52 000 adults aged 18–75 years and living in 19 centres in 12 countries took part. In most centres, and overall, the reported prevalence of asthma was lower in older adults (adjusted OR for 65–74 years compared with 15–24 years: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.81). In all centres, there was a strong association of asthma with CRS (adjusted OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 3.20–3.76) at all ages. The association with asthma was stronger in those reporting both CRS and allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 11.85; 95% CI: 10.57–13.17). CRS in the absence of nasal allergies was positively associated with late-onset asthma. Conclusion: Geographical variation in the prevalence of self-reported asthma was observed across Europe, but overall, self-reported asthma was more common in young adults, women and smokers. In all age groups, men and women, and irrespective of smoking behaviour, asthma was also associated with CRS.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Lundgren, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
-
PTFE bypass to below-knee arteries : distal vein collar or not? A prospective randomised multicentre study
- 2010
-
In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 39:6, s. 747-754
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundPatency and limb salvage after synthetic bypass to the arteries below-knee are inferior to that which can be achieved with autologous vein. Use of a vein collar at the distal anastomosis has been suggested to improve patency and limb salvage, a problem that is analysed in this randomised clinical study.MethodsPatients with critical limb ischaemia undergoing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypass to below-knee arteries were randomly either assigned a vein collar or not in two groups – bypass to the popliteal artery below-knee (femoro-popliteal below-knee (FemPopBK)) and more distal bypass (femoro-distal bypass (FemDist)). Follow-up was scheduled until amputation, death or at most 5 years, whichever event occurred first.ResultsIn the FemPopBK and in the FemDist groups, 115/202 and 72/150 were randomised to have a vein collar, respectively. Information was available for 345 of 352 randomised patients (98%).At 3 years, primary patency was 26% (95% confidence interval (CI) 18–38) with a vein collar and 43 (33–58) without a vein collar for femoro-popliteal bypass and 20 (11–38), and 17 (9–33) for femoro-distal bypass, respectively. The corresponding figures for limb salvage were 64 (54–75) and 61 (50–74) for femoro-popliteal bypass, and 59 (46–76) and 44 (32–61) for femoro-distal bypass with and without a vein collar, respectively. Log-rank-test for the whole Kaplan–Meier life table curve showed no statistically significant differences with or without vein collar primary patency: p = 0.0853, p = 0.228; secondary patency: p = 0.317, p = 0.280; limb salvage: p = 0.757, p = 0.187 for FemPopBK and FemDist, respectively. The use of a vein collar did not influence patency or limb salvage.ConclusionThis study failed to show any benefit for vein collar with PTFE bypass to a below-knee artery.
|
|
| 13. |
- Newson, R B, et al.
(author)
-
Geographical variation in the prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens in adults : the GA2LEN survey
- 2014
-
In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 69:5, s. 643-651
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Geographical variation in the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens may reflect differences in exposure to risk factors such as having older siblings, being raised on a farm or other unidentified exposures.OBJECTIVE: We wanted to measure geographical variation in skin prick test positivity and assess whether it was explained by differences in family size and/or farm exposure. We also compared prevalence in younger and older subjects.METHODS: Within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN) survey, we measured the prevalence of skin prick positivity to a panel of allergens, and geometric mean serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), in 3451 participants aged 18-75 years in 13 areas of Europe. Estimated prevalence was standardized to account for study design. We compared prevalence estimates in younger and older subjects and further adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, farm exposure, number of older siblings and body mass index (BMI).RESULTS: Skin prick test positivity to any one of the measured allergens varied within Europe from 31.4% to 52.9%. Prevalence of sensitization to single allergens also varied. Variation in serum total IgE was less marked. Younger participants had higher skin prick sensitivity prevalence, but not total IgE, than older participants. Geographical variation remained even after adjustment for confounders.CONCLUSION: Geographical variation in the prevalence of skin prick test positivity in Europe is unlikely to be explained by geographical variation in gender, age, smoking history, farm exposure, family size and BMI. Higher prevalence in younger, compared to older, adults may reflect cohort-associated increases in sensitization or the influence of ageing on immune or tissue responses.
|
|
| 14. |
- Newson, R. B., et al.
(author)
-
The association of asthma, nasal allergies, and positive skin prick tests with obesity, leptin, and adiponectin
- 2014
-
In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 44:2, s. 250-260
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal reports show that obese adults have more asthma than non-obese adults. A proposed mechanism is via effects of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on the immune system. ObjectiveWe wished to measure the associations of asthma and other atopic diseases with serum adipokine levels and to find whether the associations with asthma were strong enough to rule out the possibility that they are secondary to the association of fatness measures with asthma. MethodsThe Global Asthma and Allergy Network of Excellence (GA(2)LEN) clinical follow-up survey is a clinical survey, embedded in a larger multi-centre cross-sectional postal survey, involving, with a case/control design, enrichment of the sample with subjects with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We recorded serum leptin or adiponectin in 845 men and 1110 women in 15 centres and also anthropometric measures of fatness including body mass index and waist/hip ratio, current asthma, and specific skin prick and IgE sensitisation. We used inverse sampling-probability-weighted rank and regression statistics to measure population associations of disease outcomes with adipokines in males and females, adjusting for confounders (area, age, smoking history, and number of elder siblings) and also mutually adjusting associations with adipokines and fatness measures. ResultsOne thousand nine hundred and fifty-five subjects aged 16-77years had information on leptin or adiponectin levels. Leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were positively associated with the level of asthma, especially in females (Somers' D of leptin by asthma score, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.30; P=0.00079). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for confounders and became non-significant after additionally adjusting for fatness measures and multiple comparisons. Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAsthma levels are positively associated with serum leptin. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that this association is secondary to associations of both with fatness measures.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Obaseki, D., et al.
(author)
-
The relation of airway obstruction to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and age: results from a population survey of adults
- 2014
-
In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 69:9, s. 1205-1214
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: There is conflicting evidence on whether patients with asthma experience an accelerated decline in lung function with age. We examined the association between postbronchodilator lung function, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and atopy with age using a large European sample. Methods: In 17 centers in 11 European countries, case control studies were nested within representative cross-sectional surveys of adults aged less than 75 years. Representative samples of participants with asthma, CRS or both and controls were assessed for postbronchodilator ventilatory function, smoking history, atopy, and treatment. Multiple regression was used to assess the interactive effects of age and diagnostic group on decline in postbronchodilator ventilatory function. Results: A total of 3337 participants provided adequate data (778 with asthma, 399 with CRS, 244 with both asthma and CRS and 1916 controls who had neither asthma nor CRS). Participants with asthma had lower FEV1/FVC (-4.09% (95% CI: -5.02, -3.15, P < 0.001) and a steeper slope of FEV1/FVC against age (-0.14%/annum [95%CI: -0.19, -0.08]) equivalent to smoking 1-2 packs of cigarettes per day. Those with atopy had a slope equivalent to controls. Conclusions: People with asthma have a steeper decline in postbronchodilator lung function with age, but neither CRS nor atopy alone were associated with such decline.
|
|
| 17. |
- Polaschegg, H. D., et al.
(author)
-
Microbubbles of air during hemodialysis : negligible for the patient?
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 34:8, s. 654-654
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The symposium covers information about the presence of microbubbles in hemodialysis. Physical basis, technical considerations and regulations will be presented by Hans-Dietrich Polaschegg (Koestenberg, Austria). Per Jonsson (Umeå, Sweden) will cover experimental projects that were focused to evaluate the presence of microbubble air as contamination in the in vitro setting and some experiences. Those data and techniques were further used in in vitro testing of prevailing materials and basis for initial clinical studies on chronic hemodialysis sessions (Bernd Stegmayr, Umeå, Sweden). The symposium will thereafter focus on more clinical studies to investigate various clinical settings in relation to micro bubble exposure. This will be presented by Ulf Forsberg (Skellefteå, Sweden). The importance of microbubbles of air may be questioned. Therefore post mortem investigations were performed on hemodialysis patients. These data will be presented by Thomas Brännström (Umeå, Sweden). The symposium will end with time for discussion.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Stegmayr, B. G., et al.
(author)
-
In vitro testing of prevailing materials and initial clinical findings
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Artificial Organs. - 0391-3988 .- 1724-6040. ; 34:8, s. 636-636
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: During HD previous studies have shown that especially micro bubbles of air may pass the air detector. These studies focused to analyse in vitro if the air trap of various producers may contribute to the presence of micro embolic counts in the fluid that has passed the air trap detector. In addition another in vitro study analysed if the dialyzer by itself may contribute to these contaminations. In parallel a clinical study was performed to evaluate if findings during in vitro tests could be found to some extent during chronic hemodialysis. If such contamination was present how frequent this would be and would it be a greater risk at the start or the end of dialysis. Methods: A ultrasound probe was placed on the venous dialysis tube after the air detector and venous chamber (Hatteland, Norway). Results:The studies verified previous in vitro studies with micro embolic counts that pass the air trap without inducing an alarm. Fewer embolic signals were detected in the in vitro studies when using a high level of the fluid in the air trap and when using a wet dialyzers. In the clinical studies high counts were present both at the first period as well as the last period of hemodialysis. Conclusions: These studies verify the finding of embolic counts in various extents in various in vitro settings, but also verify the presence of such counts in the dialysis tubes after the air trap in clinical routine hemodialysis. Further studies are warranted to clarify how to prevent patients from such problems and to clarify if the counts are clinically relevant.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Tang, ATH, et al.
(author)
-
Lingual retainers bonded without liquid resin: a 5-year follow-up study
- 2013
-
In: American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6752. ; 143:1, s. 101-104
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 23. |
- Tomassen, P., et al.
(author)
-
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE is associated with asthma in the general population : a GA(2)LEN study
- 2013
-
In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 68:10, s. 1289-1297
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSpecific IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SE-IgE) has been associated with asthma. In the general population, we aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for serum SE-IgE and to examine the association with asthma.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of adults in 19 centers across Europe. A random sample of respondents was invited for clinical examination upon which they answered a questionnaire, underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) for common aeroallergens, and provided blood for measurement of total IgE and SE-IgE. Risks were analyzed within centers using weighted logistic regression, and overall estimates calculated using fixed-effects meta-analysis.Results2908 subjects were included in this analysis. Prevalence of positive SE-IgE was 29.3%; no significant geographic variation was observed. In contrast to positive skin prick tests, SE-IgE was more common in smokers (<15 pack-year: OR 1.11, P=0.079, 15 pack-year: OR 1.70, P<0.001), and prevalence did not decrease in older age-groups or in those with many siblings. Total IgE concentrations were higher in those with positive SE-IgE than in those with positive SPT. SE-IgE was associated with asthma (OR 2.10, 95% confidence interval [1.60-2.76], P=0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of SPT result and homogeneous across all centers.ConclusionsWe report for the first time that SE-IgE is common in the general population throughout Europe and that its risk factors differ from those of IgE against aeroallergens. This is the first study to show that SE-IgE is significantly and independently associated with asthma in the general population.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
