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- Karlsson, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Thyroid dysfunction in Down's syndrome : relation to age and thyroid autoimmunity
- 1998
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In: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 79:3, s. 242-245
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The prevalence of thyroid disease is increased in Down's syndrome. Most available data come from cross sectional studies. AIMS: To study longitudinally thyroid function in patients with Down's syndrome in Uppsala county (85 patients) up to the age of 25 years. METHODS: Observational study based on yearly follow up in a children's clinic. Thyroid function tests were performed at each visit to the clinic. RESULTS: Hypothyroidism was found in 30 and hyperthyroidism was found in two of the 85 patients. No sex difference was seen. Half of the patients with hypothyroidism acquired the condition before the age of 8 years, but only one of them displayed thyroid autoantibodies at diagnosis. Most patients who developed hypothyroidism after this age had thyroid autoantibodies. In the prepubertal patients with hypothyroidism, growth velocity was lower during the year before the start of thyroxine treatment than during the year after treatment began; it was also lower than that of sex and age matched euthyroidic children with Down's syndrome. CONCLUSION: Thyroid dysfunction in patients with Down's syndrome is common in childhood. Consequently, annual screening is important. Autoimmune thyroid disease is uncommon in young children with Down's syndrome but is common after 8 years of age.
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| 7. |
- Qvarford, M, et al.
(author)
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Photoemission and x-ray absorption study of superconducting and semiconducting Ba1-xKxBiO3 single crystals
- 1996
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In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 54:9, s. 6700-6707
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Semiconducting Ba0.9K0.1BiO3 and superconducting Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 single crystals cleaved in situ have been studied by core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy and O K edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the general shape of the valence band spectrum agrees with the shape predicted by band structure calculations, but the intensity near the Fermi level, was lower in the experimental spectrum as compared to the calculated. The O K edge spectra showed that the metallic phase is not related to the presence of doping inducted O 2p holes. This property of Ba1-xKxBiO3 shows that the semiconductor-metal transition of this system is of a different nature than that of the hole doped cuprate high-T-c superconductors. The core level photoemission spectra of the cations showed a small asymmetry for Ba0.9K0.1BiO3. Corresponding spectra for Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 showed a larger asymmetry resulting in a resolved high binding energy shoulder in the Bi 4f spectrum. The origin of this feature is discussed.
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- Beugin, S, et al.
(author)
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New sterically stabilized vesicles based on nonionic surfactant, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-cholesterol conjugates.
- 1998
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In: Biophysical Journal. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 74:6, s. 3198-3210
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) cholesteryl carbonates (M-PEG-Chol) with polymer chain molecular weights of 1000 (M-PEG1000-Chol) and 2000 (M-PEG2000-Chol) have been newly synthesized and characterized. Their aggregation behavior in mixture with diglycerol hexadecyl ether (C(16)G(2)) and cholesterol has been examined by cryotransmission electron microscopy, high-performance gel exclusion chromatography, and quasielastic light scattering. Nonaggregated, stable, unilamellar vesicles were obtained at low polymer levels with optimal shape and size homogeneity at cholesteryl conjugate/ lipids ratios of 10 mol% M-PEG1000-Chol or 5 mol% M-PEG2000-Chol, corresponding to the theoretically predicted brush conformational state of the PEG chains. At 20 mol% M-PEG1000-Chol or 10 mol% M-PEG2000-Chol, the saturation threshold of the C(16)G(2)/cholesterol membrane in polymer is exceeded, and open disk-shaped aggregates are seen in coexistence with closed vesicles. Higher levels up to 30 mol% lead to the complete solubilization of the vesicles into disk-like structures of decreasing size with increasing PEG content. This study underlines the bivalent role of M-PEG-Chol derivatives: while behaving as solubilizing surfactants, they provide an efficient steric barrier, preventing the vesicles from aggregation and fusion over a period of at least 2 weeks.
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- Carlsson, Björn, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Obese (ob) gene defects are rare in human obesity
- 1997
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In: Obesity Research. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 5:1, s. 30-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our knowledge of the role of the recently cloned ob-protein (leptin) in the regulation of body fat stores is largely derived from experiments performed in mice. Different mouse models exhibit abnormalities in ob-gene expression, with extreme overexpression in mice which lack bioactive ob-protein, have nonfunctional ob-receptors or hypothalamic lesions, and undetectable expression in mice with suggested defects in regulatory elements. The aim of this study is to examine if defects, corresponding to those in mice, exist in human obesity. Adipose tissue was obtained from 94 adult obese subjects and from six children who had developed obesity after surgery in the hypothalamic region. Total RNA was isolated and ob-gene expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. The coding region of the ob-gene was sequenced in both directions in the 94 obese adults. No mutations were detected in the coding region of the ob-gene and ob-gene expression was detectable in all subjects and none of the subjects had an extreme overexpression. There was no systematic increase in ob-expression in obese children with hypothalamic disease compared to their healthy brothers and sisters. These results show that severe abnormalities involving the ob-gene, analogous to those described in mouse models, are rare in human obesity. We therefore conclude that the cloning and subsequent analysis of the ob-gene has not provided information that can, by itself, explain the genetic component in the development of human obesity.
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- Jukna, A, et al.
(author)
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Electric properties of planar Ag/HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta interface
- 1999
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In: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 316:1-2, s. 83-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silver coatings were magnetron sputtered onto the surface of highly c-axis-oriented HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta superconducting thin films exhibiting zero resistance T-c at about 120 K and the critical current density similar to 10(5) A/cm(2) at 100 K. Electrical resistance of the Ag/HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta planar interface and current-voltage dependencies were investigated in a course of post-deposition annealing of the Ag/HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta at 50-350 degrees C in both purl oxygen and oxygen-free ambient. Results of the electrical measurements are explained in terms of the insulating layer formation at the Ag/HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta interface. It is assumed this insulator is a product created by oxygen non-stoichiometry and decomposition of the superconductor at the interface between both materials. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, H S, et al.
(author)
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Electron accumulation at the InAs(110) cleavage surface
- 1998
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In: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 402:1-3, s. 590-594
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The InAs(110) cleavage surface is studied by photoelectron spectroscopy based on an amplified short-pulse titanium:sapphire laser system in both probe-only and pump-and-probe modes. The probe-only spectra show that electrons accumulate in the conduction band at the surface as a function of time after cleavage, while the pump-and-probe spectra show a different response from the excited accumulation layer peak when using s- and p-polarized probe pulses. Moreover, no surface photovoltage is detected when the accumulation layer is optically pumped. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, H S, et al.
(author)
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Electron dynamics and accumulation on the InAs(110) surface
- 1998
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In: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 407:1-3, s. L687-L692
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time- and angle-resolved pump-and-probe photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the electron dynamics on the InAs(110) surface. Two states, separated by similar to 0.2 eV, can be identified in the conduction band. The time evolution and energy location of these states suggest that they originate from transiently excited levels related to the InAs bulk conduction band. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, H S, et al.
(author)
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System for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy based on an amplified femtosecond titanium:sapphire laser system
- 1996
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 67:10, s. 3610-3615
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A system for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy based on an amplified femtosecond titanium:sapphire laser system is described. Using this type of system, angle-resolved photoemission is extended to include the possibility of following the time development of excited electrons at and near a solid surface. Time resolution is accomplished by using pump-and-probe technique and the photoemitted electrons are energy analyzed in a time-of-fight detector. In order to perform photoemission, the near-infrared light from the titanium:sapphire laser is frequency up-converted to the vacuum ultraviolet range. This is accomplished by using the high peak power pulses from the laser system to produce short-wavelength radiation by means of harmonic generation. The system described uses cascaded frequency doubling and tripling, reaching a photon energy close to 10 eV. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Niclas G., 1966, et al.
(author)
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Molecular characterization of the large heavily glycosylated domain glycopeptide from the rat small intestinal Muc2 mucin.
- 1996
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In: Glycoconjugate journal. - 0282-0080. ; 13:5, s. 823-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The largest high-glycosylated domain, glycopeptide A, of the "insoluble' mucin complex of the rat small intestine has earlier been purified and characterized (Carlstedt et al., 1993, J Biol Chem 268: 18771-81). A rabbit antiserum raised against deglycosylated glycopeptide A was used to clone part of a mucin showing homology to the human MUC2 mucin (Hansson et al., 1994, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198. 181-90). This serum specifically stained goblet cells (paranuclear) in the mouse small intestine. The size of the coding sequence of glycopeptide A was estimated by using reversed transcriptase PCR of mRNA from an inbred rat strain (GOT-W) using primers in the unique central and C-terminal parts of the proposed rat Muc2 sequences. The PCR and Southern blot of the PCR products showed a fragment of about 5.5 kb corresponding to about 1700 amino acids when the known Cys-rich sequences used for the primers were subtracted. This is slightly larger than the size estimated earlier by biochemical studies. The mRNA encoding the rat Muc2 was slightly smaller than the mRNA encoding the human MUC2 in a colorectal cell line. Although the size of glycopeptide A estimated from biochemical results and by PCR is not identical, the results obtained here further support that the "insoluble' mucin of the rat small intestine is encoded by the Muc2 gene. Most of the oligosaccharides in glycopeptide A were either neutral (40%) or sialylated (40%). The remaining ones were sulfated with the sulfate group attached to C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine linked to C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosaminitol as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry of the perdeuteroacetylated oligosaccharides. Eighteen oligosaccharides were found of which fourteen were characterized and found to be mostly novel. Our findings thus expand the current knowledge of the core peptide of the rat intestinal goblet cell mucin and provide a relatively complete picture of the glycosylation of a defined mucin domain.
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| 24. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Familial predisposition for obesity may modify the predictive value of serum leptin concentrations for long-term weight change in obese women
- 1998
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 67, s. 1119-1123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Leptin is believed to play a role in regulating food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental history of obesity on the association between baseline serum leptin concentrations and subsequent 4-y weight changes. Changes in food intake were also considered in the analysis. Middle-aged, obese women with no obese parent (n = 25) or at least one obese parent (n = 24) were included in the analysis. At baseline, women with no parental history of obesity and women with a parental history of obesity did not differ in body mass index (in kg/m2: 41.2 and 40.2, respectively) or median leptin concentrations (40.8 and 38.8 microg/L, respectively). Four-year weight changes varied widely in both groups combined (from -30 to 24 kg). Stratified regression analysis, adjusted for age, weight, and height, revealed that high leptin concentrations predicted less weight gain (or more weight loss) in women with no obese parent (beta = -21.2, P = 0.0006) but played no significant role in predicting weight gain in women with at least one obese parent (beta = -3.8, P = 0.41). Adding changes in energy and fat intakes to the model reduced the association between leptin and weight change to nonsignificance in the women with no obese parent, indicating that the effect of leptin could be explained largely by dietary changes. In conclusion, serum leptin concentrations predict long-term weight change in obese women with no history of parental obesity, an association largely mediated by changes in food intake. PMID: 9625082 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 25. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Familial predisposition for obesity may modify the predictive value of serum leptin concentrations for long-term weight change in obese women.
- 1998
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In: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - 0002-9165. ; 67:6, s. 1119-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leptin is believed to play a role in regulating food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental history of obesity on the association between baseline serum leptin concentrations and subsequent 4-y weight changes. Changes in food intake were also considered in the analysis. Middle-aged, obese women with no obese parent (n = 25) or at least one obese parent (n = 24) were included in the analysis. At baseline, women with no parental history of obesity and women with a parental history of obesity did not differ in body mass index (in kg/m2: 41.2 and 40.2, respectively) or median leptin concentrations (40.8 and 38.8 microg/L, respectively). Four-year weight changes varied widely in both groups combined (from -30 to 24 kg). Stratified regression analysis, adjusted for age, weight, and height, revealed that high leptin concentrations predicted less weight gain (or more weight loss) in women with no obese parent (beta = -21.2, P = 0.0006) but played no significant role in predicting weight gain in women with at least one obese parent (beta = -3.8, P = 0.41). Adding changes in energy and fat intakes to the model reduced the association between leptin and weight change to nonsignificance in the women with no obese parent, indicating that the effect of leptin could be explained largely by dietary changes. In conclusion, serum leptin concentrations predict long-term weight change in obese women with no history of parental obesity, an association largely mediated by changes in food intake.
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