| 1. |
- Abongo, D. A., et al.
(author)
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Occurrence, abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Nyando River catchment, Kenya
- 2015
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In: African Journal of Aquatic Science. - : NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD. - 1608-5914 .- 1727-9364. ; 40:4, s. 373-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A baseline study was conducted of the occurrence of macroinvertebrates at 26 sites in the Nyando River catchment in 2005-2006. A total of 13 orders and 16 families of Arthropoda, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes and Annelida were collected, with the order Ephemeroptera being most abundant in the up- and mid-stream reaches, followed by Hemiptera and Plecoptera respectively. The downstream sections of the river were dominated by Hirudinea and tubificids, as the water quality deteriorated mainly due to local land use, raw sewage effluent discharge and annual floods. Insects and annelids were the main invertebrates found and the extent of pollution increased from mid-section (Site 15) downwards as the river flowed into the Winam Gulf. Stringent management measures are required to safeguard the environment and ecosystems of Lake Victoria.
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| 2. |
- Abong'o, Deborah, et al.
(author)
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Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in soil from the Nyando River catchment, Kenya
- 2015
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In: Africa Journal of Physical Sciences. - 2313-3317. ; 2:1, s. 18-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soil samples were collected from six locations representative of the Nyando River catchment area of the Lake Victoria over a period of two years. Sampling was done four times in the year in February, May, September and December 2005 and 2006 in farms where maize, tea, sugar cane, coffee, rice and vegetables have been grown over the years. This coincided with the effects of different seasons and farming activities on residue levels of the pesticides in use. The objective was to investigate levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides that have either been banned or are restricted for use in Kenya. Organochlorine pesticides investigated were DDT, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin, endosulfan (both α- and β- isomers and endosulfan sulphate), the sum is called “total” or Σendosulfan and methoxychlor. Prior to the ban or restriction in use, these pesticides had found wide applications in public health for control of disease vectors and in agriculture for control of crop pests. The analysis revealed presence of all the targeted pesticides with the highest mean concentrations for methoxychlor 140 ± 1.5 μg/kg, Σendosulfan (30 ± 2.1 μg/kg), aldrin (18 ± 0.28 μg/kg), respectively. The results show the presence of these pesticides in soils in the basin and this could be impacting negatively on the ecosystem health of the area.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating gas chromatography with a halogen-specific detector for the determination of disinfection by-products in drinking water
- 2019
-
In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 26, s. 7305-7314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has become an issue of concern during the past decades. The DBPs pose health risks and are suspected to cause various cancer forms, be genotoxic and have negative developmental effects. The vast chemical diversity of DBPs makes comprehensive monitoring challenging. Only few of the DBPs are regulated and included in analytical protocols. In this study, a method for simultaneous measurement of 20 DBPs from five different structural classes (both regulated and non-regulated) was investigated and further developed for 11 DBPs using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled with a halogen specific detector (XSD). The XSD was highly selective towards halogenated DBPs, providing chromatograms with little noise. The method allowed detection down to 0.05 µg/L and showed promising results for the simultaneous determination of a range of neutral DBP classes. Compounds from two classes of emerging DBPs, more cytotoxic than the “traditional” regulated DBPs, were successfully determined using this method. However, haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be analyzed separately as some HAA methyl esters may degrade giving false positives of trihalomethanes (THMs). The method was tested on real water samples from two municipal waterworks where the target DBP concentrations were found below the regulatory limits of Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Waterworks-specific composition of drinking water disinfection by-products
- 2019
-
In: Environmental Science. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2053-1400 .- 2053-1419. ; :5, s. 861-872
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactions between chemical disinfectants and natural organic matter (NOM) upon drinking water treatment result in formation of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). The diversity of DBPs formed is high and a large portion remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that non-volatile DBPs are important, as much of the total toxicity from DBPs has been related to this fraction. To further understand the composition and variation of DBPs associated with this fraction, non-target analysis with ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was employed to detect DBPs at four Swedish waterworks using different types of raw water and treatments. Samples were collected five times covering a full year. A common group of DBPs formed at all four waterworks was detected, suggesting a similar pool of DBP precursors in all raw waters that might be related to phenolic moieties. However, the largest proportion (64–92%) of the assigned chlorinated and brominated molecular formulae were unique, i.e. were solely found in one of the four waterworks. In contrast, the compositional variations of NOM in the raw waters and samples collected prior to chemical disinfection were rather limited.This indicated that waterworks-specific DBPs presumably originated from matrix effects at the point of disinfection, primarily explained by differences in bromide levels, disinfectants (chlorine versus chloramine) and different relative abundances of isomers among the NOM compositions studied. The large variation of observed DBPs in the toxicologically relevant non-volatile fraction indicates that non-targeted monitoring strategies might be valuable to ensure relevant DBP monitoring in the future.
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| 5. |
- Bidleman, Terry, 1942-, et al.
(author)
-
A review of halogenated natural products in Arctic, Subarctic and Nordic ecosystems
- 2019
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In: Emerging Contaminants. - : Elsevier. - 2405-6650 .- 2405-6642. ; 5, s. 89-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are organic compounds containing bromine, chlorine, iodine, andrarely fluorine. HNPs comprise many classes of compounds, ranging in complexity from halocarbons tohigher molecular weight compounds, which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition tohalogens. Many HNPs are biosynthesized by marine bacteria, macroalgae, phytoplankton, tunicates,corals, worms, sponges and other invertebrates. This paper reviews HNPs in Arctic, Subarctic and Nordicecosystems and is based on sections of Chapter 2.16 in the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program(AMAP) assessment Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (AMAP, 2017) which deal with the highermolecular weight HNPs. Material is updated and expanded to include more Nordic examples. Much ofthe chapter is devoted to “bromophenolic” HNPs, viz bromophenols (BPs) and transformation productsbromoanisoles (BAs), hydroxylated and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (OH-BDEs, MeO-BDEs) andpolybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), since these HNPs are most frequently reported. Othersdiscussed are 2,20-dimethoxy-3,30,5,50-tetrabromobiphenyl (2,20-dimethoxy-BB80), polyhalogenated 10-methyl-1,20-bipyrroles (PMBPs), polyhalogenated 1,10-dimethyl-2,20-bipyrroles (PDBPs), polyhalogenatedN-methylpyrroles (PMPs), polyhalogenated N-methylindoles (PMIs), bromoheptyl- and bromooctylpyrroles, (1R,2S,4R,5R,10E)-2-bromo-1-bromomethyl-1,4-dichloro-5-(20-chloroethenyl)-5-methylcyclohexane (mixed halogenated compound MHC-1), polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives(PBHDs) and polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs). Aspects of HNPs covered are physicochemicalproperties, sources and production, transformation processes, concentrations and trends in the physicalenvironment and biota (marine and freshwater). Toxic properties of some HNPs and a discussion of howclimate change might affect HNPs production and distribution are also included. The review concludeswith a summary of research needs to better understand the role of HNPs as “chemicals of emergingArctic concern”.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(author)
-
Halogenated Natural Products
- 2017
-
In: AMAP Assessment 2016: Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern. - Oslo, Norway : AMAP - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. - 9788279711049 ; , s. 243-267
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bouwman, Hindrik, et al.
(author)
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Is Indoor Residual Spraying broken and what should be fixed?
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 7th International Toxicology Symposium in Africa. - 9780620661171 - 9780620662871 ; , s. 2-3
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been and is still a very successful method to controlmalaria. We are concerned that not enough research attention is given to improvingIRS and that most funding goes towards modern but seemingly still ineffectualmethods. We believe that there is ample scope for improving IRS, while reducinginsecticide exposure
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| 10. |
- Bouwman, Hindrik, et al.
(author)
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The flip-or-flop boutique: Marine debris on the shores of St Brandon’s Rock, an isolated tropical atoll in the Indian Ocean
- 2016
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In: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136 .- 1879-0291. ; 114, s. 58-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isolated coral atolls are not immune from marine debris accumulation. We identified Southeast Asia, the Indian sub-continent, and the countries on the Arabian Sea as most probable source areas of 50 000 items on the shores of St. Brandon’s Rock (SBR), Indian Ocean. 79% of the debris was plastics. Flip-flops, energy drink bottles, and compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) were notable item types. The density of debris (0.74 m-1 shore length) is comparable to similar islands but less than mainland sites. Intact CFLs suggests product-facilitated long-range transport of mercury. We suspect that aggregated marine debris, scavenged by the islands from currents and gyres, could re-concentrate pollutants. SBR islets accumulated debris types in different proportions suggesting that many factors act variably on different debris types. Regular cleaning of selected islets will take care of most of the accumulated debris and may improve the ecology and tourism potential. However, arrangements and logistics require more study.
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| 11. |
- Cotgreave, Ian, et al.
(author)
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Pyriproxifen and microcephaly: an investigation of potential ties to the ongoing "Zika epidemic"
- 2016
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As part of the Swetox mission to react to emerging concerns in chemical health and environmental safety, a preliminary litterature investigation was undertaken to gather all readily available scientific information on PPF with respect to safety assessment, in order to better understand potential links between chemical exposure and the devopment of microcephaly in affected areas. Therefore the contents of the report do not constitute an attempt at either questioning the use of existing regulatory data in the manner prescribed by international regulatory proceedures, or as a new risk assessment, based on the scientific information and concepts discussed. Here we report our findings, with particular emphasis on exisiting regulatory information, potential for lack of translation of results from regulatory animal testing to humans, lack of human exposure data and suggestions on plausible mode(s) of action of PPF in human neurodevelopmental adversities such as microcephaly.
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| 12. |
- du Preez, Marinus, et al.
(author)
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Metallic elements in Nile Crocodile eggs from the Kruger National Park, South Africa
- 2018
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In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Academic Press. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 148, s. 930-941
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Nile Crocodile is the largest predator on the African continent. Recent mass mortalities in the Kruger National Park (KNP) raised concerns about possible influence of pollution. We analysed eggs and their eggshells collected from nests inside the KNP and from a crocodile farm for metallic elements. We found that mercury, selenium, and copper occurred at levels of concern. Eggshells had very high concentrations of iron. Apart from toxicological implications associated with elevated concentrations in eggs, we found iron possibly contributing towards thicker eggshells. Thicker shells may act as a barrier to gas and water exchange, as well as possibly increasing the effort required for the hatchling to emerge from tightly packed shells under sand. Pollutants are transported into the KNP via rivers, and possibly via air. Mercury and copper pollution are waste-, industrial- and mining-related; ecotoxicological concern should therefore be extended to all areas where the four African crocodile species occur. Reptiles are under-represented in ecotoxicological literature in general, and especially from Africa. We know of only one previous report on metals and metalloids in crocodile eggs from Africa (Zimbabwe), published 30 years ago. Reduced fitness, endocrine disruption and effects on behaviour are other possible sub-lethal effects associated with metallic elements that may only become apparent decades later in a long-lived species such as the Nile Crocodile. In the face of habitat destruction, pollution, human population increases, and climate change, further research is needed regarding pollutant concentrations and effects in all African reptiles . The rivers that carry water from outside the park sustain its aquatic life, but also transport pollutants into the KNP. Therefore, improved source mitigation remains an important task and responsibility for all involved.
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| 13. |
- Evans, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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Protection of marine birds and turtles at St Brandon’s Rock, Indian Ocean,requires conservation of the entire atoll
- 2016
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In: African Journal of Marine Science. - Grahamstown : NISC - National Inquiry Services Centre. - 1814-232X. ; 38:3, s. 317-327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A survey of seabirds and turtles at St Brandon’s Rock, 400 km north of Mauritius, was undertaken in 2010. We estimated that 1.1 million seabirds comprising seven breeding species and excluding non-breeders were present at the archipelago and we counted 279 turtle tracks and nesting pits of green turtles Chelonia mydas. Hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata were also present. Analyses of 30 different islets that make up the atoll showed that the seabird species mostly partitioned their use of islets based on islet size, with four species preferring larger islets and two species preferring smaller islets. Alien species introduced historically are still present and other threats, such as shipwrecks, remain. We propose conservation and other measures that should adequately protect the birds, turtles and coral reef by treating the atoll as a system.
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| 14. |
- Gurjazkaite, Karolina, 1993-, et al.
(author)
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Vegetation history and human-environment interactions through the late Holocene in Konar Sandal, SE Iran
- 2018
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 194, s. 143-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Jiroft valley, situated on banks of the Halil Rud developed as an important agricultural and trading center during the Early Bronze Age. Known for its famous steatite sculptures and clay pottery, the first settlement in Konar Sandal collapsed around 3rd millennium BCE. A second shorter, but major phase of occupation in the settlement occurred towards the end of 2nd millennium BCE. A 250-cm long peat sequence near the archaeological complex at Konar Sandal was investigated to reconstruct the human environment history using palynological, sedimentological and geochemical data. With a basal age of 4 ka, the core traces the hydroclimatic changes and human activities that started just after large scale abandonment of Konar Sandal and extends from the late Bronze Age to the Mongol invasion. The results show that Jiroft had an arid dry climate dominated by the Saharo-Sindian open pseudo-savanna vegetation. However, due to human clearance and intensified agro-sylvo-pastoral activities, and climatic factors, the land-cover shifted from open xeric scrublands to a more open degraded landscape. The principal human occupation was cereal cultivation and herding. However, it is likely that during the more arid periods, communities retreated and abandoned agriculture, facilitating successional processes. Such droughts occurred around 4.0-3.8 ka and 3.4-2.8 ka and are related to the Siberian Anticyclonic system. Declining Artemisia and shrubs indicate milder climates ca. 3.8-3.4 ka and 2.8-0.6 ka. The latter period that started with the rule of the Persian empires (550-650 BCE), and continued through the Islamic era, coincides with intensive human activities, and the highest degradation of vegetation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Jantunen, Liisa, et al.
(author)
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20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean
- 2015
-
In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49:23, s. 13844-13852
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cis-chlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals.
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| 16. |
- Kylin, Henrik, 1959-
(author)
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Alla auktoriteter är inte onda - men vilka kan vi lita på?
- 2018
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In: Universitetsläraren. - Stockholm : Sveriges Universitetslärarförbund. - 0282-4973. ; :2, s. 46-46
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Jag har skådat i ”Mörkrets hjärta”. För tio år sedan bad WWF om hjälp med miljöövervakning i Kongo. Som andra besök i länder med dåligt fungerande demokrati gav det mig anledning att fundera över auktoriteter, politiska och vetenskapliga. Det finns utmärkta forskare i u-länder, men många hämmas av en svår brist på infrastruktur och materiel. Men akademierna, liksom politiken, lider framför allt av ”big men” med ”naturgiven” bestämmanderätt. Jo, det har blivit bättre med åren, och visst finns det sådana personer även i vår akademi....
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kylin, Henrik, 1959-
(author)
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Buller inte orsak till talgoxens ändrade sång
- 2019
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In: Vår Fågelvärld. - Mörbylånga, Sweden : Sveriges Ornitologiska Förening. - 0042-2649. ; :3, s. 58-59
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Kylin, Henrik
(author)
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Korndådran i Blistorp - beståndsutveckling under ett halvt sekel
- 2016
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In: Botaniska Notiser. - 1650-3767. ; 149:4, s. 27-31
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The population develoipment of ball mustard, Neslia paniculata, at a locality in Scania, southern Sweden, since the 1950s is discussed in relation to land use development.
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| 24. |
- Kylin, Henrik
(author)
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Lemming lamentations
- 2017
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- This text is a reflection on "modern" vs. traditional knowledge and their respective usefulness in surviving off the land in the Arctic.
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| 25. |
- Kylin, Henrik, 1959-
(author)
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Naturligt solur
- 2019
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In: Fauna och flora. - : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet. - 0014-8903. ; 114:4, s. 31-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Ett solur har skapats av att gräsbladet till vänster blåst runt i vinden och bildat en ”urtavla”.Bilden är tagen i augusti 2005 på en strand nära Koljuchinviken (Kolyuchin Bay), vid Tjuktjerhavet nästan så långt österut man kan komma i Ryssland – där Nordenskiöld övervintrade med Vega.
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