| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Distinctive expression of neoantigenic C3(D) epitopes on bound C3 following activation and binding to different target surfaces in normal and pathological human sera
- 1989
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In: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 26:4, s. 383-390
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Binding of C3 to sheep erythrocytes in a serum-free milieu (EAC14oxy2, EAC142) has previously been shown to mimic the antigenic change that occurs upon denaturation of C3 in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), whereby neoantigenic C3(D) epitopes are exposed. The present paper deals with C3 bound to various target surfaces which are known to modulate the functional properties of C3 in different ways. Bound C3 fragments on serum-treated human aggregated gammaglobulin, zymosan, rabbit and sheep erythrocytes, and on circulating immune complexes isolated from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, were shown to be mainly in the iC3b form. By RIAs, employing polyclonal antibodies, the range of C3(D) antigenic epitopes of 125I-labelled SDS denatured C3 expressed by the particle-bound iC3b was monitored. The physiologically bound iC3b on all tested particles expressed wide ranges of C3(D) epitopes and each type of particle-bound C3 exposed its individual range. By competition ELISA specific C3(D)α epitopes were monitored, employing monoclonal antibodies. A distinct difference in the expression of these epitopes was observed in iC3b bound to various test particles in the presence of normal serum and in iC3b present on circulating immune complexes from pathological sera. Considering that the neoantigenic C3(D) epitopes have been shown to be associated with different functions of C3, the distinctive antigenic expression of each type of serum-treated particle might reflect different functional forms of the protein.
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| 4. |
- Ramos, O F, et al.
(author)
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Elevated NK-mediated lysis of Raji and Daudi cells carrying fixed iC3b fragments
- 1989
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In: Cellular Immunology. - 0008-8749 .- 1090-2163. ; 119:2, s. 459-469
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Raji and Daudi cells were opsonized with C3b, iC3b and C3d fragments by using purified complement components. The sensitivity of C3-opsonized cells to lysis mediated by low density blood lymphocytes was studied. Raji and Daudi cells carrying C3b or C3d fragments were lysed with similar efficiencies as the nonopsonized cells. The presence of iC3b on the target surface imposed elevated NK sensitivity. The iC3b-mediated enhancement of NK lysis was inhibited when iC3b fragments or rabbit anti-human C3 antibodies were included into the lytic assays. These results indicate that the iC3b fragments fixed on the targets bind to the CR3 on the lymphocytes. Results obtained in immobilized conjugate-lytic assays showed that iC3b-opsonized targets interact more readily with the lymphocytes. This was reflected by the elevated proportion of lymphocytes that were bound to the iC3b-carrying targets. The proportions of conjugates in which target damage occurred were similar with the control and with the iC3b-carrying cells. It seems therefore that opsonization of targets with iC3b leads to recruitment of effector lymphocytes due to contact with their CR3. However, once the effector-target contact is established, the triggering of lytic function does not seem to be influenced by the iC3b/CR3 bridge.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Adiels, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(author)
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Test of CP violation with K0 and K‾0 at LEAR
- 1985
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In: Physics with antiprotons at LEAR in the ACOL era. - Gif sur Yvette : Editions Frontières. - 2863320351 ; , s. 467-482
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
- Back, S E, et al.
(author)
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Age dependence of renal function: clearance of iohexol and p-amino hippurate in healthy males
- 1989
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - 1502-7686. ; 49:7, s. 641-646
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Iohexol, a newly developed non-ionic contrast agent, has been recently documented as a reliable glomerular filtration marker. This study describes the age dependence of the single injection clearance of iohexol in a sample of healthy male volunteers ranging from 21 to 77 years of age. In parallel, renal plasma flow was studied by measuring the total clearance of p-amino hippuric acid administered as a continuous infusion. In subjects older than 50 years a negative correlation to age was found for both p-amino hippuric acid and iohexol clearance, with a reduction of 52 ml/min and 12 ml/min per decade, respectively, whereas no age dependence was found for younger subjects. Correlation between p-amino hippuric acid and iohexol clearances was 0.81. However, the filtration fraction, defined as the ratio of iohexol to p-amino hippuric acid clearance, was higher in the elderly subjects. A consistent discrepancy was found between total and renal clearances of p-amino hippuric acid, indicating significant renal metabolism. Renal clearance of creatinine was poorly correlated to iohexol clearance and did not show any relationship to age.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(author)
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A simplified assay for the detection of C3a in human plasma employing a monoclonal antibody raised against denatured C3.
- 1988
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In: JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods. - 0022-1759 .- 1872-7905. ; 107:2, s. 281-287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A monoclonal antibody raised against SDS-denatured C3 was shown to react with both solid-phase C3a and unfragmented C3. However, in the fluid phase the antibody was found to bind only to C3a and not to native C3. These findings indicated that the antibody could be used in an assay to detect C3a in human EDTA-plasma without prior separation of C3a from native C3. A simple and rapid competition ELISA was developed which monitored soluble C3a. 200 microliter of C3a (8 ng) was absorbed to plastic wells over night at 4 degrees C. Thereafter, 50 microliter of sample and 50 microliter of constant amounts of monoclonal antibody conjugated with beta-galactosidase, were incubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C. After washing, the colour reaction was started by adding nitrophenyl-galactopyridine to the wells. The microtitre plate was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min and the staining intensity was quantified at 405 nm. The assay detected both C3a and C3ades arg. A strong correlation was obtained between the new technique and an RIA which used an acid precipitation step for the separation of C3a prior to the determination of C3a (r = 0.9). Significantly higher levels of C3a were detected both in plasma from patients with immune complexes (93 +/- 9 ng/ml; P less than 0.1) and in plasma from patients treated in blood oxygenators (140 +/- 19 ng/ml; P less than 0.05) than in plasma from normal subjects (74 +/- 4 ng/ml). The results were not affected by repeated freezing and thawing of the plasma samples.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(author)
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Production of mouse monoclonal antibodies that detect distinct neoantigenic epitopes on bound C3b and iC3b but not on the corresponding soluble fragments.
- 1987
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In: Molecular Immunology. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 24:5, s. 487-494
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-denatured and reduced human complement factor C3 have in recent studies been shown to lack any reactivity towards native C3 but to react with antigens distinctly expressed by SDS-denatured C3 (C3(D) antigens). These antigens are also neoantigens specific for physiologically bound C3 and appear to be involved in the interaction of C3 with other complement components. The present investigation deals with production of mouse monoclonal antibodies against C3(D) antigens. To accomplish this two different immunization and screening procedures employing C3 preparations of known C3(D) expression were tested. From each group 14 clones were randomly selected and the reactivity of these and of a control group of 14 additional monoclonal anti-human C3 antibody preparations raised against native soluble C3 and C3b, was investigated in ELISA and immunoblotting. The procedure which employed denatured reduced C3 as both immunogen as well as screening antigen was shown to be superior for obtaining anti-C3(D) antibodies. Altogether 16 clones producing antibodies against C3(D) antigens were found. All of them bound to the C3 alpha-chain, 14 to C3c and one to C3d, and eight monoclonal antibodies specific for neoantigens of C3(D) type on bound C3b and/or iC3b were obtained. The majority of these detected neoantigenic epitopes in the 25,000 N-terminal fragment of the C3 alpha-chain specifically exposed by bound iC3b, but one monoclonal antibody was specific for the 36,000 C-terminal alpha-chain fragment and for both bound C3b and iC3b.
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| 11. |
- Sterner, Olov, et al.
(author)
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Mutagens in larger fungi. I. Forty-eight species screened for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay
- 1982
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In: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1218. ; 101:4, s. 269-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Specimens of large fungi (mushrooms) were screened for mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay, with strains TA98, TA2637 and TA100. Out of 48 species tested, 37 exhibited a significant but for the most part weak activity. The activity observed in the presence of S9 mix was typically between 0 and 50% of that without, and in no case was the activity increased in the presence of microsomal enzymes. Six metabolites reported to occur in some of the species included in this investigation were also tested. Significant mutagenic activity was found with isovelleral (5) from Lactarius sp., agaritine (3) from Agaricus bisporus and related sp. and β-nitraminoalanine (7) from Agaricus silvaticus. Isovelleral may be a major mutagen in some of the sharp-tasting and mutagenic Russulaceae sp. A. bisporus (cultivated specimen) was weakly mutagenic toward all three strains of S. typhimurium used, and agaritine was weakly active toward TA2637 alone. This implies that this fungus might contain other mutagenic material as well. β-Nitraminoalanine was not found in the particular collection of A. silvaticus tested here. The mutagenicity observed for the fungus in this work may therefore be due to other metabolites. Even though many species found to be mutagenic are used as food, it seems premature to make specific recommendations about eventual health risks. Further information is needed about the chemistry and toxicology of the active compounds as well as about the effects of various methods used in preparing mushrooms for food.
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| 12. |
- Yefenof, E, et al.
(author)
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Ligands of CR2 do not interfere with C3 fragment fixation or enhanced NK sensitivity of Raji cells treated with human serum.
- 1989
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In: Immunology Letters. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 21:4, s. 303-306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Raji cells activate the alternative complement pathway (ACP) and fix C3 fragments when incubated in human serum (HS). Earlier experiments have shown that CR2 molecules are involved in this phenomenon and the opsonized cells have elevated sensitivity to the lytic effect of CR3-bearing NK cells. We show here that Raji cells treated with CR2 site-specific ligands, (C3d, OKB-7 and HB-5 mAbs, and a synthetic peptide which binds to CR2) generated and bound C3 fragments after exposure to HS. The elevated lytic sensitivity of HS-treated cells was not altered by the presence of the various CR2 ligands. Thus, the membrane-bound C3 fragments are not fixed at the C3dg receptor binding site.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Boström, Anders E, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Acoustics of an obstacle inside a reactive silencer
- 1983
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In: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - 1095-8568 .- 0022-460X. ; 87, s. 603-619
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transmission and reflection coefficients of sound in a cylindrical duct containing several discontinuities are investigated. A building-block method, which gives the transmission and reflection coefficients for a complex system from those of the parts, is applied to bifurcations, sudden area changes with or without extended inlets, and spherical obstacles (which may be lossy). In some cases the solution can be interpreted in terns of multiple reflections. When the length between the discontinuities are small it is important to include also non-propagating modes, and this is especially true when the sudden area change is obtained from the area change with extended inlet in the limit of vanishing inlet. For an expansion chamber (a portion of the duct with a larger radius) with or without an obstacle and with or without inlets a number of numerical results with variation in frequency are presented. Numerical results for the various building-block elements of the expansion chamber are also considered.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Brundin, P, et al.
(author)
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Behavioural effects of human fetal dopamine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
- 1986
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In: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819. ; 65:1, s. 40-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ventral mesencephalon, containing the developing dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental region, was obtained from aborted human fetuses of 9-19 weeks of gestation. The tissue was grafted into the striatum of rats previously subjected to a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the mesostriatal dopamine pathway. The graft recipients were immunosuppressed by daily injections of Cyclosporin A. Amphetamine-induced motor asymmetry was reduced, and finally totally reversed, only in rats receiving grafts from the 9-week old fetal donor. The fluorescence microscopic analysis revealed large numbers of surviving dopamine neurons, and extensive fiber outgrowth into the host striatum, in these rats. By contrast, rats receiving grafts from 11-19 week old donors had at most only few surviving dopamine neurons. These results indicate that human fetal mesencephalic tissue may be an efficient source of dopamine neurons for functional intracerebral grafting in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brundin, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease : immunological aspects, spontaneous and drug-induced behaviour, and dopamine release
- 1988
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In: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819. ; 70:1, s. 192-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have used a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) to address issues of importance for a future clinical application of dopamine (DA) neuron grafting in patients with PD. Human mesencephalic DA neurons, obtained from 6.5-8 week old fetuses, were found to survive intracerebral cell suspension xenografting to the striatum of rats immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. The grafts produced an extensive new DA-containing terminal network in the previously denervated caudate-putamen, and they normalized amphetamine-induced, apomorphine-induced and spontaneous motor asymmetry in rats with unilateral lesions of the mesostriatal DA pathway. Grafts from an 11.5-week old donor exhibited a lower survival rate and smaller functional effects. As assessed with the intracerebral dialysis technique the grafted DA neurons were found to restore spontaneous DA release in the reinnervated host striatum to normal levels. The neurons responded with large increases in extracellular striatal DA levels after the intrastriatal administration of the DA-releasing agent d-amphetamine and the DA-reuptake blocker nomifensine, although not to the same extent as seen in striata with an intact mesostriatal DA system. DA fiber outgrowth from the grafts was dependent on the localization of the graft tissue. Thus, grafts located within the striatum gave rise to an extensive axonal network throughout the whole host striatum, whereas grafted DA neurons localized in the neocortex had their outgrowing fibers confined within the grafts themselves. In contrast to the good graft survival and behavioural effects obtained in immunosuppressed rats, there was no survival, or behavioural effects, of human DA neurons implanted in rats that did not receive immunosuppression. In addition, we found that all the graft recipients were immunized, having formed antibodies against antigens present on human T-cells. This supports the notion that the human neurons grafted to the non-immunosuppressed rats underwent immunological rejection. Based on an estimation of the survival rate and extent of fiber outgrowth from the grafted human fetal DA neurons, we suggest that DA neurons that can be obtained from one fetus may be sufficient to restore significant DA neurotransmission unilaterally, in one putamen, in an immunosuppressed PD patient.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brundin, P, et al.
(author)
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Intracerebral xenografts of dopamine neurons : the role of immunosuppression and the blood-brain barrier
- 1989
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In: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819. ; 75:1, s. 195-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fetal mesencephalic mouse tissue, rich in dopamine neurons, was xenografted as a dissociated cell suspension into the striatum of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine induced lesions of the mesostriatal pathway. The rats were either assigned to a 10-day, 21-day or 42-day Cyclosporin A (CyA) immunosuppression scheme, or given no immunosuppression. The functional effects of the grafts were followed over 6 months by monitoring changes in the recipient rats' amphetamine-induced turning behaviour. Without immunosuppression no grafts were functional at the end of the experiment. In the 10-, 21- and 42-day CyA treatment groups there was a significant reduction of rotational asymmetry at some timepoint following grafting in 26 of the 33 rats. However, by 6 months only 8 grafts remained functional suggesting that in several rats an immunological rejection took place following the termination of immunosuppression. This was supported by catecholamine histofluorescence analysis which revealed evidence of surviving grafts only in the few rats which had shown sustained functional graft effects at 6 months after grafting. In animals in which the grafts had undergone rejection, there was scar-like tissue in the striatum which appeared more extensive in rats that had lost their grafts after several weeks compared to rats in which the grafts were rejected at an early time-point. In a subgroup of the grafted animals the humoral antibody response against major transplantation antigens present on the grafted cells was investigated. All the studied rats were found to be immunized against the grafted mouse tissue following the intrastriatal implantation. This occurred irrespective of prior immunosuppressive treatment. In a parallel group of rats, the leakage of the blood-brain barrier was studied following intrastriatal implantation of a syngeneic fetal neural cell suspension. Evans Blue was infused into rats 3-12 days following transplantation surgery. At the early time-points there was a marked barrier leakage at the implantation site. This subsided with time such that there was minor leakage after 7-8 days and no leakage after 12 days. In summary, the results indicate the CyA is effective in promoting survival of intracerebral xenografts of fetal neural tissue, but that cessation of immunosuppressive treatment in most cases results in rejection of the grafted tissue. Temporary CyA treatment, even exceeding the time it takes for the blood-brain barrier to reform after transplantation surgery, is thus not sufficient to reliably support long term survival of xenografted dopamine neurons.
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| 21. |
- Goobar, E., et al.
(author)
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Measurement of a VPE-transported DFB laser with blue-shifted frequency modulation response from DC to 2 GHz
- 1988
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In: Electronics Letters. - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 24, s. 746-747
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The frequency modulation characteristics of a VPE-transported 1.53 mu;m wavelength GaInAsP-InP DFB semiconductor diode laser was measured. Below approximately 0.7 mW optical output power per facet, it exhibited a smooth, blue-shifted, frequency modulation response from DC to 2 GHz. In the modulation frequency range of 10 MHz to 100 MHz it exhibited a | Delta;f/ Delta;I| of 0.5-1.8 GHz/mA, depending on the biasing level
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| 22. |
- Goobar, E., et al.
(author)
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Pure frequency modulation or intensity modulation with suppressed frequency chirp using active Bragg reflector integrated laser
- 1989
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In: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 25, s. 304-305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modulation properties of a laser structure which consists of an active Bragg reflector (300 mu m) integrated with an uncorrugated gain region (600 mu m) have been measured. The laser exhibited a flat FM response and very low spurious intensity modulation when modulating the current in the Bragg reflector. Furthermore, broadband intensity modulation with suppressed frequency chirp could also be achieved. An inhomogeneous linewidth enhancement factor alpha caused by the uneven carrier density distribution between the two sections gives a qualitative explanation to our results.
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| 23. |
- Grubb, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Immunohistochemical characterization of the amyloid deposits and quantitation of pertinent cerebrospinal fluid proteins in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
- 1987
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In: Stroke. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 18:2, s. 431-440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cystatin C, a protein inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, was demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques to be present in the birefringent amyloid deposits of the small arteries in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and leptomeninges of 10 Icelandic individuals with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Specimens from other organs were investigated in one of the patients, and amyloid angiopathy characterized by an immunoreactivity of cystatin C was found in a submandibular lymph node. No immunoreactivity of amyloid fibril protein AA, kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chain, or prealbumin was observed. Significantly low cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cystatin C were found in all 9 investigated individuals with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. The concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, and IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid were within normal limits. Isoelectric focusing showed that cystatin C from the cerebrospinal fluid of 9 patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis had an isoelectric point identical to that of normal individuals. This investigation demonstrates that hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis may be diagnosed by two laboratory methods: immunohistochemical investigation of cystatin C in brain tissue specimens and quantitation of cystatin C in cerebrospinal fluid.
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| 24. |
- Harris, A.S., et al.
(author)
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Effect of viscosity on the pharmacokinetics and biological response to intranasal desmopressin.
- 1989
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In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3549. ; 78:6, s. 470-471
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- he effect of viscosity on the nasal absorption and biological response to desmopressin was studied in humans. Nasal solutions of desmopressin with and without the addition of 0.25% (w/v) methylcellulose were administered by a precompression nasal spray pump to 10 volunteers. Plasma levels of desmopressin were assayed by radioimmunoassay and the biological response was measured by determination of the antihemophilia factors (Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor). The results showed that the addition of methylcellulose produced a more sustained and slower absorption, with a longer time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax). However, the areas under the plasma concentration—time curve were not different, indicating a similar total bioavailability. The biological response showed a similar effect. Peak Factor VIII activity was not different, but the presence of methylcellulose produced a slower onset of activity. These findings indicate that although the addition of a viscous agent to nasal formulations may produce a more sustained effect, it delays the onset of activity and no enhancement is achieved in the total bioavailability.
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| 25. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia B by an immunoradiometric assay of factor IX
- 1980
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In: Blood. - 0006-4971. ; 56:3, s. 397-401
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An immunoradiometric assay of factor IX was developed based on homologous antibodies that arose in a hemophilic patient. With this assay, 11 of 12 patients with severe hemophilia B had factor IX antigen levels below 1 U/dl and 6 patients with mild hemophilia B had various levels. Factor IX antigen in 8 fetuses (16th-20th gestational week) aborted for therapeutic reasons ranged from 1.8 to 10.0 U/dl. Six amniotic fluids contained 0.28-1.2 U/dl factor IX antigen. Using the immunoradiometric assay, we could diagnose hemophilia B prenatally in one fetus at risk. No factor IX antigen (< 0.2 U/dl) was detectable in the fetoscopic sample. After termination of the pregnancy, analysis of blood from the abortus confirmed the diagnosis of severe hemophilia B. We conclude that very sensitive immunologic assays, such as the one described here, will prove useful in prenatal diagnosis of severe hemophilia B, since determination of factor IX activity in fetoscopic samples is unrealiable because of possible contamination with thromboplastic material.
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