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- Obers, Niels A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review
- 2022
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In: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-6410 .- 1873-2224. ; 125
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 “Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach”, is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.
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| 2. |
- Hochhaus, A., et al.
(author)
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European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia
- 2020
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In: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 34:4, s. 966-984
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has profoundly changed over the past 7 years. Most patients with chronic phase (CP) now have a normal life expectancy. Another goal is achieving a stable deep molecular response (DMR) and discontinuing medication for treatment-free remission (TFR). The European LeukemiaNet convened an expert panel to critically evaluate and update the evidence to achieve these goals since its previous recommendations. First-line treatment is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI; imatinib brand or generic, dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib are available first-line). Generic imatinib is the cost-effective initial treatment in CP. Various contraindications and side-effects of all TKIs should be considered. Patient risk status at diagnosis should be assessed with the new EUTOS long-term survival (ELTS)-score. Monitoring of response should be done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction whenever possible. A change of treatment is recommended when intolerance cannot be ameliorated or when molecular milestones are not reached. Greater than 10% BCR-ABL1 at 3 months indicates treatment failure when confirmed. Allogeneic transplantation continues to be a therapeutic option particularly for advanced phase CML. TKI treatment should be withheld during pregnancy. Treatment discontinuation may be considered in patients with durable DMR with the goal of achieving TFR.
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| 5. |
- Larsen, Filip J, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Mitochondrial oxygen affinity increases after sprint interval training and is related to the improvement in peak oxygen uptake.
- 2020
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In: Acta Physiologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 229:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: The body responds to exercise training by profound adaptations throughout the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, which may result in improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and mitochondrial capacity. By convenience, mitochondrial respiration is often measured at supra-physiological oxygen levels, an approach that ignores any potential regulatory role of mitochondrial affinity for oxygen (p50mito ) at physiological oxygen levels.METHODS: In this study, we examined the p50mito of mitochondria isolated from the Vastus lateralis and Triceps brachii in 12 healthy volunteers before and after a training intervention with 7 sessions of sprint interval training using both leg cycling and arm cranking. The changes in p50mito were compared to changes in whole-body VO2 peak.RESULTS: We here show that p50mito is similar in isolated mitochondria from the Vastus (40 ± 3.8 Pa) compared to Triceps (39 ± 3.3) but decreases (mitochondrial oxygen affinity increases) after 7 sessions of sprint interval training (to 26 ± 2.2 Pa in Vastus and 22 ± 2.7 Pa in Triceps, both p<0.01). The change in VO2 peak modeled from changes in p50mito was correlated to actual measured changes in VO2 peak (R2 =0.41, p=0.002).CONCLUSION: Together with mitochondrial respiratory capacity, p50mito is a critical factor when measuring mitochondrial function, it can decrease with sprint interval training and should be considered in the integrative analysis of the oxygen cascade from lung to mitochondria.
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| 6. |
- Schiffer, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Vp/Vs ratios in the Parnaíba Basin from joint active-passive seismic analysis : Implications for continental amalgamation and basin formation
- 2021
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In: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 801
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Phanerozoic intracontinental Parnaíba Basin in northeast Brazil lies atop crust composed of Archaean to Mesoproterozoic cratonic blocks and Neoproterozoic mobile belts. Recently, active and passive source geophysical surveys characterised the crustal structure beneath the basin. We use information from published active-source seismic and new, coincident receiver function (RF) data to obtain Vp/Vs ratios for sedimentary and crustal structure and make inferences about crustal compositions and tectonic evolution. In our approach, sedimentary and crustal Vp/Vs ratios are adjusted to match common conversion point (CCP) images of RFs and known Moho and basement geometry. We use a P-wave model from published wide-angle reflection/refraction (WARR) seismics, and structural features from a deep seismic reflection (DSR) profile. CCP images of the primary RF conversions were used to model the crust, whilst conversions of multiples were used for the sediment-basement interface. The maximum uncertainties in Vp/Vs are estimated to be 0.15 for the basin and 0.03 for the crust. Vp/Vs ratios in the basin were estimated between 1.7 and 2.2. Lower values correlate with the exposure of older units primarily in the east of the basin, whilst higher values coincide with exposed younger units of the Parnaíba Basin. The obtained crustal Vp/Vs ratios between 1.73 and 1.81 support the previously published segmentation of the crust. In particular, we identified three regions of elevated Vp/Vs ratios, which can be related to proposed Neoproterozoic suture zones underlying the Parnaíba Basin, as well as high velocity lower crust beneath. The high Vp/Vs ratios can be explained by mafic compositions, for example metamorphosed or intruded crust, or fluids and sedimentary rocks entrained into highly deformed crust, typical for modifications related to suture zones. These new deep geophysical models provide important and complementary evidence for crustal amalgamation and the formation of the Parnaíba Basin.
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