| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Maria, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskap och strategisk förändring
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ledarskapsboken. - Malmö : Liber AB. - 9789147088751 ; , s. 123-157
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Burström, Thommie, 1964-
(författare)
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Organisering av utvecklingsprojekt : praktik, dynamik och gränssnitt
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie fokuserar på att besvara frågan hur gränser organiseras när flera olika organisationer samverkar för att skapa nya teknologiska innovationer. Syftet med denna studie är att ur ett praktikorienterat perspektiv skapa en förståelse för hur intra- och interorganisatoriska gränser organiseras vid tidiga utvecklingsprojekt inom lastbilsindustrin. Särskild vikt läggs vid att genom studien förstå organiserande processer som omfattar utvecklingsprojekts uppstart och genomförande, samt de roller aktörer, aktiviteter och objekt spelar i dessa processer. Studien har en huvudsakligen induktiv ansats där intervjuer och observationer har legat till grund för informationsinsamlingen. I centrum för studien ligger ett utvecklingsprojekt på Volvo lastvagnar i Göteborg. Projektet kallas för SWEP (Smart Wheel End Project) och genomförs i samverkan med en navleverantör, bromsleverantör och däckleverantör. Projektet har som mål att skapa en bättre trafiksäkerhet med stöd av bland annat bättre bromsförmåga på tunga lastbilar. Studien belyser den interorganisatoriska utvecklingsprocessen från den tid då aktörerna fått en idé om att skapa SWEP till dess att de nått ett slutskede av kontraktsskrivningen. De teorier som ligger till grund för analysen utgår från ett praktikorienterat perspektiv där gränser, aktörer, aktiviteter, objekt samt legitimitet tillsammans möjliggör en analys av organisering av interorganisatoriska utvecklingsprojekt. Resultatet visar på att organisering av interorganisatoriska utvecklingsprojekt sker genom vad som i denna studie benämns gränsiterativ organisering. Gränsiterativ organisering förklaras genom processer, gränssnitt och överlappande praktiker. Processerna beskrivs som: gränsutmanande, gränsförtydligande och gränskomprimerande. Processerna har i början av ett utvecklingsprojekt en sekventiell karaktär men de övergår tidigt till att löpa parallellt. Processernas innehåll förklaras i sin tur genom fem aspekter: fokus, aktivitetsnät, aktörsdynamik, objekt och legitimitet. Fokus i de olika processerna varierar mellan visualisering (påvisa möjlig produktutveckling för andra), formalisering (legitimera projektet inom större del av organisationen) och konkretisering (uppfylla givna löften och hålla samman projektet). Aktivitetsnätet består i sin tur av olika typer av aktiviteter, svarta (lagliga organiserande aktiviteter som sker utan organisationens kännedom,), grå (organisationen känner till att aktiviteterna genomförs men inte hur eller med vem), vita (formella synliggjorda aktiviteter). Aktivitetsnätet hjälper oss att förstå hur aktiviteterna hänger samman och ger därför insikt i ett större sammanhang. Aktörsdynamik innebär att aktörer har olika roller vid olika tillfällen som till exempel marknadsförare när de söker idéer till ny produktutveckling, därefter som förhandlare för att slutligen agera som cadministratörer när ledarskap, CAD och relationer skall integreras i ett nytt utvecklingsprojekt. Objekt kan delas in i teknologiska och administrativa objekt. Teknologiska objekt hjälper aktörerna att utveckla kunskaper om tekniskt konstruktion, medan administrativa objekt stödjer aktörerna i utvecklingen av relationer och processer mellan och inom organisationer. I utvecklingsprocessens uppstartsfas har objekten en roll som idébärare, därefter som symboler för samverkan och slutligen har de en roll som sammanbindande länkar vilka förtätar gränserna mellan samverkande organisationer. Vidare förtydligas gränsiterativ organisering genom att de tre gränsorganiserande processernas olika aspekter påverkas av en bas som utgår från fyra olika typer av gränssnitt (mentala, sociala, fysiska, virtuella) som berör både intra- och interorganisatorisk organisering. Slutligen sker gränsiterativ organisering genom överlappande praktiker där experter från olika yrkesområden möts och kompletterar varandras kunskaper i olika praktiska situationer.
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| 4. |
- Carlström, Mattias, 1978-
(författare)
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Development of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Hydronephrosis
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydronephrosis, due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, is a common condition in infants with an incidence of approximately 0.5-1%. During the last decade, the surgical management of non-symptomatic hydronephrosis has become more conservative, and the long-term physiological consequences of this new policy are unclear. The overall aim of this thesis was to determine whether there is a link between hydronephrosis and the development of hypertension. Hydronephrosis was induced by partial ureteral obstruction in 3-week old rats or mice. In the adult animals, blood pressure was measured telemetrically during different sodium conditions and the renal function was evaluated. Both species developed salt-sensitive hypertension and histopathological changes (i.e. fibrosis, inflammation, glomerular and tubular changes) that correlated with the degree of hydronephrosis. An abnormal renal excretion pattern with increased diuresis and impaired urine concentrating ability was observed in hydronephrosis. The mechanisms were primarily located to the diseased kidney, as relief of the obstruction attenuated blood pressure and salt-sensitivity. Increased renin angiotensin system activity, due to ureteral obstruction, might be involved in the development but not necessary the maintenance of hypertension. Hydronephrotic animals displayed reduced nitric oxide availability, which might be due to increased oxidative stress in the diseased kidney. Renal nitric oxide deficiency and subsequent resetting of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, appeared to have an important role in the development of hypertension. In conclusion, experimental hydronephrosis, induced by partial ureteral obstruction, provides a new model for studies of salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, the new findings imply that the current conservative treatment strategy in hydronephrosis should be reconsidered in favour of treatment that is more active, in order to prevent the development of renal injury and hypertension in later life.
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| 5. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Hydronephrosis causes salt-sensitive hypertension and impaired renal concentrating ability in mice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 189:3, s. 293-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Hypertension is a common disease in the industrialized world and approximately 5% of all cases are secondary to kidney malfunction. We have recently shown that hydronephrosis due to partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) causes salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. The mechanisms are still unclear, but appear to be intrarenal and primarily located to the diseased kidney. In the present study, we have developed a model for PUUO to study if hydronephrotic mice develop salt-sensitive hypertension. Methods: PUUO was created in 3-week-old mice (C57bl/6J). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured telemetrically in adult animals on normal and high salt diets. Metabolism cages were used to study the renal excretion of electrolytes and water. Plasma samples for renin analysis were collected and renal histological changes were evaluated. Results: All hydronephrotic animals developed salt-sensitive hypertension that correlated to the degree of hydronephrosis. In hydronephrotic animals, blood pressure increased from 114 ± 1 mmHg on normal salt diet to 120 ± 2 mmHg on high salt diet, compared with 103 ± 1 to 104 ± 1 in controls. Hydronephrotic animals showed increased diuresis and reduced ability to regulate electrolyte concentration. No differences in plasma renin concentration were found between the groups. The parenchymal weight and glomerular area of contralateral kidneys were significantly increased in the hydronephrotic animals. Histopathology of the hydronephrotic kidneys displayed areas with fibrosis, inflammation and glomerular changes. Conclusion: This study provides a model for PUUO in mice and demonstrates the presence of salt-sensitive hypertension and an impaired renal concentrating ability in mice which has not been described before.
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| 6. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Hydronephrosis causes salt-sensitive hypertension in rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 24:7, s. 1437-1443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a common disease in the Western world and approximately 5% of all cases are secondary to kidney malfunction. It is not clear whether unilateral hydronephrosis due to partial obstruction affects blood pressure. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether hypertension develops and to investigate the effects of different salt diets on the blood pressure in hydronephrotic animals. METHODS: Unilateral partial ureteral obstruction was created in 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. A telemetric device was implanted 4-6 weeks later and blood pressure was measured on normal, low- and high-salt diets. Plasma samples were collected on all diets for renin analysis. RESULTS: All hydronephrotic animals developed hypertension that correlated to the degree of hydronephrosis. The blood pressure increased slowly with time and was salt sensitive. In severe hydronephrosis, blood pressure increased from 118 ± 5 mmHg on low salt to 140 ± 6 mmHg on high salt intake, compared to control levels of 82 ± 2 and 84 ± 2 mmHg, respectively. Plasma renin concentration was increased in the hydronephrotic group of animals compared to controls on all diets, but the difference was only significant on a normal salt diet, 165 ± 15 versus 86 ± 12 μGU/ml respectively. In animals with severe hydronephrosis the plasma renin levels were lower, and the changes less, than in those with mild and moderate hydronephrosis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the presence of a salt-sensitive hypertension in hydronephrosis. A systemic effect of the renin-angiotensin system alone cannot be responsible for the hypertension.
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| 7. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Relief of chronic partial ureteral obstruction attenuates salt-sensitive hypertension in rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 189:1, s. 67-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The incidence of hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction is approx. 0.5%. During the last decade, the management of non-symptomatic hydronephrosis has become much more conservative, but the long-term physiological consequences of this policy are not clear. Previously, we have shown that animals with chronic partial unilateral ureteral obstruction develop salt-sensitive hypertension. In this study, the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral nephrectomy and ureterovesicostomy on blood pressure were studied in hydronephrotic animals. Methods: Partial unilateral ureteral obstruction was created in 3-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats and blood pressure was measured telemetrically 4–6 weeks later during a normal and high salt diet before and after uninephrectomy or ureterovesicostomy. Plasma samples for renin assay were collected during both diets before and after ipsilateral nephrectomy. Results: All hydronephrotic animals developed salt-sensitive hypertension, of different degrees. Before nephrectomy the plasma renin concentration was significantly higher in the hydronephrotic animals than in controls (160 ± 15 μGU mL−1 vs. 96 ± 12 μGU mL−1, respectively), but after the ipsilateral nephrectomy no differences were found between the groups. In the hydronephrotic animals both ipsilateral nephrectomy and ureterovesicostomy reduced the blood pressure and salt-sensitivity but the former still differed significantly from the controls. In contralaterally, nephrectomized hydronephrotic animals the salt-sensitive hypertension became more pronounced. Conclusion: Hydronephrosis in rats causes salt-sensitive hypertension that can be markedly reduced by removing the hydronephrotic kidney or relieving the obstruction by ureterovesicostomy. The mechanisms appear to be intrarenal and primarily located in the diseased kidney, but a secondary mechanism is also present.
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| 8. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Role of nitric oxide deficiency in the development of hypertension in hydronephrotic animals
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6127 .- 1522-1466 .- 1931-857X. ; 294:2, s. 362-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydronephrotic animals develop renal injury and hypertension, which is associated with an abnormal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). The TGF sensitivity is coupled to nitric oxide (NO) in the macula densa. The involvement of reduced NO availability in the development of hypertension in hydronephrosis was investigated. Hydronephrosis was induced by ureteral obstruction in young rats. Blood pressure and renal excretion were measured in adulthood, under different sodium conditions, and before and after chronic administration of either N-G- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or L-arginine. Blood samples for ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine analysis were taken and the renal tissue was used for histology and determination of NO synthase (NOS) proteins. TGF characteristics were determined by stop-flow pressure technique before and after administration of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) or L-arginine. Hydronephrotic animals developed salt-sensitive hypertension, which was associated with pressure natriuresis and diuresis. The blood pressure response to L-NAME was attenuated and L-arginine supplementation decreased blood pressure in hydronephrotic animals, but not in the controls. Under control conditions, reactivity and sensitivity of the TGF response were greater in the hydronephrotic group. 7-NI administration increased TGF reactivity and sensitivity in control animals, whereas, in hydronephrotic animals, neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibition had no effect. L-Arginine attenuated TGF response more in hydronephrotic kidneys than in controls. The hydronephrotic animals displayed various degrees of histopathological changes. ADMA and SDMA levels were higher and the renal expressions of nNOS and endothelial NOS proteins were lower in animals with hydronephrosis. Reduced NO availability in the diseased kidney in hydronephrosis, and subsequent resetting of the TGF mechanism, plays an important role in the development of hypertension.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hamde, Kiflemariam, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational knowledge and discourse in employment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diversity management in practice. - Eastbourne : Sussex Academic Press. - 9781845193171 ; , s. 127-128
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-
(författare)
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Avvikelsens mekanismer : Observationer av projekt i praktiken
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund I det närmaste alla organisationer strävar efter att använda sina resurser så effektivt som möjligt. Vad som dock inte diskuterats i någon större utsträckning är att den starkt kopplade komplexa organisationen inte klarar av att bemöta ens den minsta avvikelsen utan att ägna den direkt uppmärksamhet. Den övergripande frågan är därför Hur hanteras avvikelser i starkt kopplade projekt? Det teoretiska ramverket är först och främst projektlitteratur men ramverket vidgas sedermera till att omfatta praktikansatslitteratur samt Weicks (1976) ”Loosely coupled systems”. Metod Givet ansatsen faller det sig naturligt att göra en fallstudie med observationer som huvudsaklig metod. Utöver tolv veckors observationer förlitar jag mig på 57 intervjuer och mängder av dokument. En organisation, två projektgrupper och 118 avvikelser observerades totalt under perioden. De data som samlades in analyserades med hjälp av dataprogrammet Nvivo. Resultat Analysen är uppdelad i tre integrerade kapitel. Det första kapitlet diskuterar avvikelser som företeelse och definierar begreppet närmare. En avvikelse definieras som en händelse som kräver såväl identitet som handlingskraft. Det andra analyskapitlet analyserar praktiken närmare. Allt som allt observerades 29 praktiker vilka kunde grupperas i åtta praktikmönster. Praktikmönstren kunde sedermera inordnas i två distinkta löskopplingsmönster i en teoretiskt underbyggd och empiriskt styrkt figur. Figuren och följaktligen praktikmönstren beskriver hur avvikelsen görs löst kopplad. Det tredje analyskapitlet diskuterar fem mekanismer som följer av med de löst kopplade avvikelserna. Dessa fem mekanismer kan sedermera betonas och utnyttjas av projektledaren. Slutsatser Slutsatserna följer två spår. Det ena spåret fokuserar på projekt i allmänhet och projektledning i synnerhet. Slutsatsen som kan dras där är att det finns en inneboende osäkerhet i projekt som kan utnyttjas för att hantera avvikelser. Alla avvikelser har inte stora konsekvenser men de besitter vissa gemensamma egenskaper. Det andra spåret är ett bidrag till teorin om löst kopplade system. Länge har en processuell och praktikbaserad studie saknats. Genom att undersöka löskopplingsprocesser i ljuset av en praktikansats har jag visat hur löskopplingsprocesser ser ut.
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| 13. |
- Lauritz, Lars Erik, 1965-
(författare)
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Spirande polisidentiteter : En studie av polisstudenters och nya polisers professionella identitet
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Who am I? Who are we? And how are the two entities connected? These are key issues of this study. Socialization and other sense making processes create new social identities. One possible identity is a professional one. Professional identities are discussed as a construction where expectations and experiences of construed images, cultural and professional understandings are key elements. Social identities are fundamentally described as social and individual reflections. The purpose of the study is to extend the comprehension of how professional identities are constructed and to study new professionals navigation through the complex network of images and contrasting pictures that meet them in that process. The professional identity of Swedish police officers is focused. The profession is - by many of the ten informants in this recurrent, in-depth interview study - described as a dream from childhood. The first of four interview-series has been conducted in beginning of police education, the last after nine months work experience. There are two motives that all informants mention for choosing the profession. The first is a wish to care for others and for the society, the second is excitement. Other mentioned motives are the police profession regarded as teamwork with a high community spirit. It is expected to give good opportunities to develop as individuals and is thought to be a practical occupation, described with key words such as handy and flexible. The construed image, how informants believe that others view the profession, is described either as polices as the selected model or as prejudiced and hostile. The mass media is regarded the main intermediary of the second image. By the informants, a good police is regarded as being without prejudices and is presented as male. Male strength is one desirable quality, though the strength preferably can be combined with female softness. The care-giving motive is accentuated as the most important one in the first interviews, but replaced by excitement as the most important one in practice. Some general discourses are discussed. The first three - the social, the recruitment, and the distrust discourse - are discussed as sources of understanding to the frequently discussed notion of the police profession as constituting strong team spirit. Police identity is also presented as unprejudiced, male and young in the sense of engagement and activity degree. All discourses are often challenged in work- experience, from cultural as well as from image perspectives. On a highly generalized level the police identity can be positioned as one with a high degree of community. When the stories are scrutinized clearly disparate patterns between individuals however appear. The differences are expressed either in accentuation or definition of the common labels. Earlier research on the fields of identity reveals some shortages. The individual's role in constructing social identities and the pure locus of identity is overlooked. To reduce that shortage, this study introduces a professional identity model where the individual´s position is connected to the common identity by expectations and experiences of three key identity elements -Culture, Image and the Profession itself.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Näsholm, Malin, 1981-
(författare)
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Construction of Transnational Identities? : a study of how multiple international assignments influence individuals' identity processes
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis examines multiple international assignments from an identity construction perspective, and identification or social identities as part thereof. A distinction is made between repeat expatriates, employed by the same company over several assignments abroad, and international itinerants, who move abroad working for several different companies. The main purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of how multiple international assignments influence individuals’ identity construction. This purpose is divided into two broad aspects where this thesis aims to contribute; the identity construction process as such, over multiple international assignments, and the more contextual aspect of social identities and what these individuals identify with. The thesis contains two essays, each with a different focus. The interviews in the first essay are with repeat expatriates and in the second essay international itinerants are in focus. As this is an exploratory study, a narrative approach is applied in order to reach in-depth understanding of a few cases. Brought together the essays contribute with new insights about the implications of multiple international work experiences from an individual’s point of view and illustrate the diversity of implications such a career can have for the individual. As these individuals go through transitions in their social context, experiencing ambiguities and paradoxes, they reflect on who they are and identity construction processes are engaged. This is contextualized in their narratives and they draw on different sources and contexts in their identity construction. Findings also indicate that there can actually be differences in repeat expatriates’ and international itinerants’ identity construction and what they identify with, which is identified as an interesting topic to research further.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Zackariasson, Peter, 1972-
(författare)
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World Builders : A Study on the Development of a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of the development of a video game called Anarchy Online. This game was developed by the Funcom company between 1995 and 2001, and is a so-called Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG). This genre of video games differs from traditional games in that it offers a persistent virtual world that gamers can access at all hours of the night or day. It is also a world where gamers make avatars that play with or against each other. All in all, it is as much a social sphere as a game. The popularity of MMORGPGs has continued to increase, and today there are several million gamers worldwide who participate in these virtual worlds. Because virtual worlds are places where many people socialize, play, and spend a great deal of time, there is a need to form an understanding of them. In this thesis, I am studying how Anarchy Online was produced in order to understand the assumptions behind the rules governing the interaction in this specific virtual world were selected and organized. In doing so, I am using material from two sources: the developers and the game itself. This material was gathered through interviews, documents, and virtual ethnographic observations.Ultimately, games consist of codes; but in order to program the code, they need to be specified by a game content. The analysis shows that the content of the game is defined by the developers’ view of a good society – the belief in a human being’s need for self-actualization and social interaction. The thesis thus concludes with the observation that the need to select the discourses and/or philosophies for content and possible gamers’ actions requires the development of games and virtual worlds such as Anarchy Online to be more than the creation of an entertaining product. Rather, discourses were recreated from the physical world in which the developers live. In the end, gamers are locked into a discoursive prison created by the developers.
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