| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Observation of the decay psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma)over-bar(+/-) pi(-/+) + c.c
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:11, s. 112007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 1:06 X 10(8) psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we present the first observation of the decays of psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (+) pi(-) + c.c. and psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (-) pi(+) + c.c. The branching fractions are measured to be B(psi(3686) -> Lambda(Sigma) over bar (+) pi(-) + c.c.) = (1.40 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.13) X 10(-4) and B(psi(3686) -> Lambda (Sigma) over bar (-) pi(+) + c.c.) = (1.54 +/- 0.04 +/- 0.13) X 10(-4) where the first errors are statistical and the second ones systematic.
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| 3. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for eta(c)(2S)h(c) -> p(p)over-bar decays and measurements of the chi(cJ) -> p(p)over-bar branching fractions
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:11, s. 112001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 1.06 x 10(8)psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decays eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar and h(c) -> p (p) over bar are searched for, where eta(c)(2S) and h(c) are reconstructed in the decay chains psi(3686) -> gamma eta(c)(2S), eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar and psi(3686) -> pi(0)h(c), h(c) -> p (p) over bar, respectively. No significant signals are observed. The upper limits of the product branching fractions are determined to be B(psi(3686) -> gamma eta(c)(2S)) x B(eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar) < 1.4 x 10(-6) and B(psi(3686) -> pi(0)h(c)) x B(h(c) -> p<(p)over bar>) < 1.3 x 10(-7) at the 90% C.L.. The branching fractions for chi(cJ) -> p<(p)over bar> (J = 0, 1, 2) are also measured to be (24.5 +/- 0.8 +/- 1.3, 8.6 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5, 8.4 +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-5), which are the world's most precise measurements.
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| 4. |
- Deng, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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| 5. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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| 7. |
- An, Junghwa, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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| 8. |
- Qi, Xiuying, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and Correlates of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults in Tianjin, China A population-based cross-sectional study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 34:1, s. 66-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Data on latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) from population-based studies are sparse. We sought to investigate the prevalence and correlates of LADA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 8,109 participants, who were aged >= 15 years and living in Tianjin, China, were assessed to identify individuals with type 2 diabetes (American Diabetes Association Criteria, 1997) and further to detect patients with LADA. LADA was ascertained by 1) the presence of type 2 diabetes and age >= 35 years, 2) the lack of a requirement for insulin at least 6 months after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and 3) serum GAD antibody positivity. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of all participants, 498 (6.1%) were patients with type 2 diabetes. Of them, 46 (9.2%) were found to have LADA. The prevalence of LADA was 0.6% (46 of 8,109), and tended to increase with age up to 50-59 years in all participants. The odds ratios (95% CI) of LADA related to hypertension, family history of diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio >= 0.85, and major stressful events were 1.93 (1.02-3.65), 17.59 (9.08-34.06), 5.37 (2.31-12.49), and 4.09 (1.75-9.52), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LADA is similar to 9% in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertension, family history of diabetes, central obesity, and major stressful events may be associated with the occurrence of LADA.
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| 9. |
- Ren, Lin-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Subcellular relocalization and positive selection play key Roles in the retention of duplicate genes of populus class III peroxidase family
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 26:6, s. 2404-2419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene duplication is the primary source of new genes and novel functions. Over the course of evolution, many duplicate genes lose their function and are eventually removed by deletion. However, some duplicates have persisted and evolved diverse functions. A particular challenge is to understand how this diversity arises and whether positive selection plays a role. In this study, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the class III peroxidase (PRX) genes from the Populus trichocarpa genome. PRXs are plant-specific enzymes that play important roles in cell wall metabolism and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We found that two large tandem-arrayed clusters of PRXs evolved from an ancestral cell wall type PRX to vacuole type, followed by tandem duplications and subsequent functional specification. Substitution models identified seven positively selected sites in the vacuole PRXs. These positively selected sites showed significant effects on the biochemical functions of the enzymes. We also found that positive selection acts more frequently on residues adjacent to, rather than directly at, a critical active site of the enzyme, and on flexible regions rather than on rigid structural elements of the protein. Our study provides new insights into the adaptive molecular evolution of plant enzyme families.
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| 10. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Yang, Ruiqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in fish from lakes of the Tibetan Plateau and the implications
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 158:6, s. 2310-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High mountains may play significant roles in the global transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aims to investigate the levels, patterns and distribution of semi-volatile organochlorine pollutants and to improve the understanding of the long-range atmospheric transport and fate of contaminants on the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 60 fish samples were collected from eight lakes located between 2813 and 4718 m above sea level across the Plateau. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in fish muscle. The results showed that concentrations of DDT, HCH and HCB were comparable to or lower than those found in remote mountains of Europe, Canada and US, while PCB concentrations in fish were, on average, about 4-150 times lower on Tibet than at other mountain areas. The transport and fate of contaminants in the Plateau are significantly influenced by the unique climatological and meteorological conditions, particularly by the summer Indian monsoon and winter westerly jet stream.
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| 12. |
- Amos, Christopher I, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci predisposing to cutaneous melanoma
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 20:24, s. 23-5012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a multistage genome-wide association study of melanoma. In a discovery cohort of 1804 melanoma cases and 1026 controls, we identified loci at chromosomes 15q13.1 (HERC2/OCA2 region) and 16q24.3 (MC1R) regions that reached genome-wide significance within this study and also found strong evidence for genetic effects on susceptibility to melanoma from markers on chromosome 9p21.3 in the p16/ARF region and on chromosome 1q21.3 (ARNT/LASS2/ANXA9 region). The most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 15q13.1 locus (rs1129038 and rs12913832) lie within a genomic region that has profound effects on eye and skin color; notably, 50% of variability in eye color is associated with variation in the SNP rs12913832. Because eye and skin colors vary across European populations, we further evaluated the associations of the significant SNPs after carefully adjusting for European substructure. We also evaluated the top 10 most significant SNPs by using data from three other genome-wide scans. Additional in silico data provided replication of the findings from the most significant region on chromosome 1q21.3 rs7412746 (P = 6 × 10(-10)). Together, these data identified several candidate genes for additional studies to identify causal variants predisposing to increased risk for developing melanoma.
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| 13. |
- Rasmussen, Morten, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 463:7282, s. 757-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, the genome represents a male individual from the first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced to an average depth of 20×, we recover 79% of the diploid genome, an amount close to the practical limit of current sequencing technologies. We identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 6.8% have not been reported previously. We estimate raw read contamination to be no higher than 0.8%. We use functional SNP assessment to assign possible phenotypic characteristics of the individual that belonged to a culture whose location has yielded only trace human remains. We compare the high-confidence SNPs to those of contemporary populations to find the populations most closely related to the individual. This provides evidence for a migration from Siberia into the New World some 5,500 years ago, independent of that giving rise to the modern Native Americans and Inuit.
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| 14. |
- Zhao, Zeng-Ren, et al.
(författare)
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Increased serum level of Nup88 protein is associated with the development of colorectal cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Humana Press (Springer Imprint). - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 29:3, s. 1789-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nucleoporin88 (Nup88) has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no study about serum Nup88 in human CRC was reported. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the level of serum Nup88 protein and its relationships with clinicopathological variables in CRC. The serum concentration of Nup88 protein was determined by a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 118 pre-operative serum samples, 66 post-operative and 96 healthy controls. Among the patients, the levels of CEA (n = 91) and CA19-9 (n = 87) in the pre-operative serum were measured, and DNA sequencing was performed in 12 CRCs and 2 samples from non-cancerous colon tissue. In the same patients, the level of pre-operative serum Nup88 was significantly higher than that of post-operative Nup88 (P = 0.021). Furthermore, the level of pre-operative Nup88 was positively related to the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.002) and advanced stage (P = 0.001). The level of pre-operative Nup88 in the left colon tended to be higher than that in the right colon and the rectum (P = 0.063). DNA sequencing results showed that there were two single nucleotide polymorphisms, distributed in exon 6 (NM_002532.3:c.1044Gandgt;A (ACG-ACA, Thr -andgt; Thr) and exon 10 (NM_002532.3: c.1389Aandgt;T, CCA-CCT, Pro -andgt; Pro). Serum Nup88 might be a candidate for a new biomarker implicated in the development and aggressiveness of CRCs.
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| 15. |
- Zhao, Zongshan, et al.
(författare)
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Source and migration of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in the coastal East China Sea using multiproxies of marine organic geochemistry
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 47:10, s. 5013-5022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple proxies of terrestrial organic matters (TOM) were introduced to study the migration behaviors of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in the coastal East China Sea (ECS). The contents of SCCPs in the surface sediment collected from Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta (CRD) and along the Zhejiang-Fujian coastline ranged from 9.0 to 37.2 ng/g (dry weight, d.w.), displaying a "band-style" distribution trend. Spatial distribution patterns of SCCP congeners presented an increasing trend seaward and southward along the coastline for shorter carbon length (C₁₀ + C₁₁) and lower chlorinated (Cl₅ + Cl₆ + Cl₇) congeners, suggesting a spreading tendency seaward and southward from the CRD and the north of the inner shelf. The significant relationship between ΣSCCPs and total organic carbons (TOC) (r(2) = 0.402, p < 0.05) indicated that the migration of SCCPs in sediments was markedly affected by TOC. The spatial patterns of the TOM proxies of TOC δ(13)C, the contents of ΣC₂₇ + C₂₉ + C₃₁ n-alkanes, terrestrial marine biomarker ratio (TMBR), and terrestrial TOC (T-TOC) were all similar to that of ΣSCCPs. Linear relationships between SCCP contents and both the contents of ΣC₂₇ + C₂₉ + C₃₁ n-alkanes (r(2) = 0.537, p < 0.05) and T-TOC (r(2) = 0.495, p < 0.05) were also observed. The consistence demonstrated that a major portion of sedimentary SCCPs in the coastal ECS should be from the river input of Changjiang River and deposited in the CRD and along the inner shelf of the ECS, but only a minor fraction was transported to the offshore areas.
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| 16. |
- Zheng, Jing-Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure and phase stability of plutonium hydrides : Role of Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbital coupling
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 39:25, s. 13255-13265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic and magnetic states, chemical bonding and reactions, and phonon spectrum of the plutonium hydrides Puliz (x = 2, 3) are investigated by employing first-principles calculations by means of the density functional theory (DFT) + U approach. The strong correlation and the spin-orbit coupling (sac) effects on these 5f electrons systems are systematically studied. Results show that both the strong correlation and the SOC play critical roles in correctly describing their ground-state properties. The antiferromagnetic configuration of PuH2 is found energetically most stable while for PuH3 the ferromagnetic state is the most stable state. Our calculated phonon spectra clearly indicate the dynamical stability of these magnetic configurations. For PuH3, more electrons from the Pu atoms are released to bond with H than that in PuH2. As a result, the lattice constant is contracted by increasing the H concentration. Reacting from metal Pu and molecule H-2, more PuH3 should be produced than PuH2 in low temperature condition. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Barkowsky, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Towards standardized 3DTV QoE assessment : Cross-lab study on display technology and viewing environment parameters
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 9780819494214
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjective assessment of Quality of Experience in stereoscopic 3D requires new guidelines for the environmental setup as existing standards such as ITU-R BT.500 may no longer be appropriate. A first step is to perform cross-lab experiments in different viewing conditions on the same video sequences. Three international labs performed Absolute Category Rating studies on a freely available video database containing degradations that are mainly related to video quality degradations. Different conditions have been used in the labs: Passive polarized displays, active shutter displays, differences in viewing distance, the number of parallel viewers, and the voting device. Implicit variations were introduced due to the three different languages in Sweden, South Korea, and France. Although the obtained Mean Opinion Scores are comparable, slight differences occur in function of the video degradations and the viewing distance. An analysis on the statistical differences obtained between the MOS of the video sequences revealed that obtaining an equivalent number of differences may require more observers in some viewing conditions. It was also seen that the alignment of the meaning of the attributes used in Absolute Category Rating in different languages may be beneficial. Statistical analysis was performed showing influence of the viewing distance on votes and MOS results.
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| 18. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 19. |
- Bu, Zhaojun, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of four mosses in a reciprocal transplant experiment : implications for peatland succession in NE China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Bryology. - 0373-6687 .- 1743-2820. ; 35, s. 220-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sphagnum dominates the moss layer in northern peatlands, but its dominance has decreased while there has been an expansion of other moss genera in some peatlands of NE China since the 1960s. To discover the mechanisms underlying this succession, we performed a four-month reciprocal transplant experiment in Hani Peatland with three Sphagnum species, Sphagnum palustre, S. magellanicum, and S. fuscum and one other moss Polytrichum strictum. Performance of the four mosses and the environmental factors: height above water table (HWT), vascular plant cover and pH, electrical conductivity, base cations, and N and P concentrations in water in the four moss habitats were measured. Biomass production in S. palustre was negatively affected by HWT. Phosphorus had a positive effect on biomass production in S. magellanicum and Polytrichum. None of the environmental factors had any effect on S. fuscum. Overall, the three Sphagnum species deteriorated in P. strictum hummocks, while P. strictum exhibited a wider ecological amplitude and maintained or increased its vigour levels in Sphagnum hummocks. Biomass production in S. palustre and S. magellanicum was negatively affected by P. strictum indicating the competitive ability of P. strictum. Our results suggest that its wide ecological amplitude and competitive ability may explain why P. strictum can expand and replace Sphagnum in some northern peatlands.
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| 20. |
- Chen, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Seismically constrained thermo-rheological structure of the eastern Tibetan margin : Implication for lithospheric delamination
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 627, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eastern Tibetan margin bordered by the Longmen Shan range exhibits significant lateral differences in the lithospheric structure and thermal state. To investigate the roles of these differences in mountain building, we construct a thermo-rheological model along a wide-angle seismic profile across the eastern Tibetan margin based on recent seismic and thermal observations. The thermal modeling is constrained by the surface heat flow data and crustal P wave velocity model. The construction of the theological envelopes is based on rock mechanics results, and involves two types of rheology: a weak case where the lower crust is felsic granulite and the lithospheric mantle is wet peridotite, and a strong case where the lower crust is mafic granulite and the lithospheric mantle is dry peridotite. The results demonstrate: (1) one high-temperature anomaly exists within the uppermost mantle beneath eastern Tibet, indicating that the crust in eastern Tibet is remarkably warmer than that in the Sichuan basin, and (2) the rheological strength of the lithospheric mantle beneath eastern Tibet is considerably weaker than that beneath the Sichuan basin. The rheological profiles are in accord with seismicity distribution. By combining these results with the observed crustal/lithospheric architecture, Pn velocity distribution and magmatism in the eastern Tibetan margin, we suggest that the delamination of a thickened lithospheric mantle root beneath eastern Tibet is responsible for the growth of the eastern Tibetan margin.
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| 21. |
- Chen, Xiao-Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ion adsorption on CEC separation of small molecules using hypercrosslinked porous polymer monolithic capillary columns
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Separation Science. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1615-9306 .- 1615-9314. ; 35:12, s. 1502-1505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both poly(styrene-co-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) and poly(4-methylstyrene-co-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) monolithic columns have been hypercrosslinked and for the first time used to achieve capillary electrochromatographic separations. Although these columns do not contain ionizable functionalities, electroosmotic flow was observed due to adsorption of ions from a buffer solution contained in the mobile phase on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer. An increase of more than one order of magnitude was observed with the use of both monolithic polymers. The hypercrosslinking reaction creates a large surface area thus enabling adsorption of a much larger number of ions. Alkylbenzenes were successfully separated using the hypercrosslinked monolithic columns.
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| 22. |
- Chen, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermal phenomena in plasmonics and metamaterials
- 2011
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Ingår i: ADVANCES IN OPTICAL THIN FILMS IV. - : SPIE. - 9780819487940 ; , s. 81681K-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our recent theoretical and experimental investigation of the photothermal effect in a planar metamaterial absorber is reviewed in the present paper. The observed ultrasensitive photothermal heating in such an absorber nanostructure irradiated by a pulsed white-light source is elaborated with a simple yet compelling heat transfer model, which is subsequently solved with a finite-element method. The simulation results not only agree with the experimental finding, but also provide more detailed understanding of the temperature transition in the complex system.
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| 23. |
- Chen, Yiting, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmonic analog of microstrip transmission line and effect of thermal annealing on its propagation loss
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 21:2, s. 1639-1644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We fabricated a plasmonic analog of the microwave microstrip transmission line and measured its propagation loss before and after thermal annealing. It is found that its propagation loss at 980 nm wavelength can be reduced by more than 50%, from 0.45 to 0.20 dB/μm, after thermal annealing at 300 °C. The reduction in loss can be attributed to the improved gold surface condition and probably also to the change in the metal's inner structure. Less evident loss reduction is noticed at 1550 nm, which is owing to extremely small portion of the modal electric field located in the metal regions at this wavelength.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Yiting, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmonic analog of microstrip transmission line and effect of thermal annealing on its propagation loss
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 21:2, s. 1639-1644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We fabricated a plasmonic analog of the microwave microstrip transmission line and measured its propagation loss before and after thermal annealing. It is found that its propagation loss at 980 nm wavelength can be reduced by more than 50%, from 0.45 to 0.20 dB/μm, after thermal annealing at 300 °C. The reduction in loss can be attributed to the improved gold surface condition and probably also to the change in the metal’s inner structure. Less evident loss reduction is noticed at 1550 nm, which is owing to extremely small portion of the modal electric field located in the metal regions at this wavelength.
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| 25. |
- Cong, Jiayan, et al.
(författare)
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Nitro group as a new anchoring group for organic dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 48:53, s. 6663-6665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An organic dye JY1 bearing a nitro group was designed, synthesized and applied in DSCs. An unusual colour change was observed when the voltage applied to the device was reversed which was accompanied by a five-fold increase in the cell efficiency. We propose that applying a bias enabled the attachment of nitro groups to the TiO2 surface.
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