| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Analysis and Reflections
- 2014
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In: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 141-156
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Background - Framework and Content of the ITP programme
- 2016. - 1
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In: Realising Child Rights in Education : Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management - Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management. - 9789198226164 ; 1, s. 7-27
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
- Andersson Cederholm, Erika, et al.
(author)
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Resenär - inte turist!
- 2002
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In: Resenär - inte turist!: Om ungdomar, resor och drömmar. - 0283-2976. ; årsbok 2003, s. 26-42
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dillner, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Randomized healthservices study of human papillomavirus-based management of low-grade cytological abnormalities.
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; okt, s. 151-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-based management of women with borderline (ASCUS) or mildly abnormal (CINI) cervical cytology has been extensively studied in the research setting. We wished to assess safety and healthcare resource use of a real-life healthcare policy using HPV triaging.All 15 outpatient clinics involved in the organized population-based screening program in Stockholm, Sweden screening program were randomized to either continue with prior policy (colposcopy of all women with ASCUS/CINI) or to implement a policy with HPV triaging and colposcopy only of HPV-positive women. The trial enrolled the 3319 women that were diagnosed with ASCUS (n=1335) or CINI (n=1984) in Stockholm during 17(th) March 2003 to 16(th) January 2006. Detection of high-grade cervical lesions (CINII+) and health care cost consumption was studied by registry linkages.The proportion of histopathology-verified CINII+ was similar for the 2 policies (395/1752 women (22.5%; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 20,6-24,6%) had CINII+ diagnosed with HPV triaging policy, 318/1567 women (20.3%; 95%CI: 18,3-22,4%)) had CINII+ with colposcopy policy). 64% of women with ASCUS and 77% of women with CINI were HPV-positive. HPV-positivity was age-dependent, with 81% of women below 35 years of age and 44% of women above 45 years of age testing HPV-positive. HPV triaging was cost-effective only above 35 years of age.In conclusion, a real-life randomised healthservices study of HPV triaging of women with ASCUS/CINI demonstrated similar detection of CINII+ as colposcopy of all women.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Background
- 2014
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In: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 7-13
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Leo, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Change Agents
- 2014
-
In: Enforcing Child Rights Globally. - 9789198053555 ; , s. 171-187
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 13. |
- Rasmusson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
-
Looking back and looking forward
- 2016. - 1
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In: Realising Child Rights in Education : Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management - Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management. - 9789198226164 ; 1, s. 217-225
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- Rasmusson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
-
Mentors´Reflections
- 2016. - 1
-
In: Realising Child Rights in Education : Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management - Experience and Reflections from the International Training Programme on Child Rights, Classroom and School Management. - 9789198226164 ; 1, s. 187-217
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 15. |
- Rasmusson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Summing up
- 2015
-
In: Change Projects from the International Training Programme: Child Rights, Classroom and School Management. Final reports. Batch 18.. - 9789198053531 ; Volume 7, s. 197-207
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 16. |
- Wickenberg, Per, et al.
(author)
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Summing up - Batch 20 : Change Projects from the International Training Programme - Batch 20
- 2015
-
In: Child Rights, Classroom and School Management, Batch 20 : Change Projects from the International Training Programme - Change Projects from the International Training Programme. - 9789198226126 ; , s. 225-232
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003. Theprogramme targets those in a position from which they can initiate processesof change in the education sector in their countries. During the programmeall participating teams initiate a change project in their respective countriesaiming at the realization of the intention of the Child Rights Convention inpolicy as well as in practice. This book contains the final reports from Batch20 with change agents from China, Colombia, DPR of Korea, Indonesia, Malawi,Mozambique, Namibia, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Viet Nam, and Zambia.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Wångdahl Flinck, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Summing up - Batch 21: Change Projects from the International Training Programme : Child Rights, Classroom and School Management - Batch 21
- 2016
-
In: Child Rights, Classroom and School Management : Batch 21 - Batch 21. - 9789198226157
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lund University has offered the Sida-financed International Training Programmeon Child Rights, Classroom and School Management since 2003.The programme targets those in a position from which they can initiate processesof change in the education sector in their countries. During the programmeall participating teams initiate a change project in their respectivecountries aiming at the realization of the intention of the Child Rights Conventionin policy as well as in practice. This book contains the final reportsfrom Batch 21 with change agents from Cambodia, China, Egypt, Ethiopia,Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Viet Nam, and Zambia.
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| 19. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(author)
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Oral impacts on daily performances : associations with self-reported general health and medication
- 2009
-
In: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 67:6, s. 370-376
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of general diseases and medication on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a Swedish adult population using the Swedish version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Material and methods. A three-site sample of 200 adults (20-86 years; participation rate 70%) was interviewed using the OIDP, and a medical anamnesis was performed in 2006-7. A self-reported questionnaire provided complementary socio-economic data. Results. The burden of medical diagnoses and medications was greatest among the older participants in the study. The mean number of medicines in regular users was: ≥60 years, 3.6 (SD 2.6); 40-59 years, 1.9 (SD 1.5); and 20-40 years, 1.9 (SD 1.8) (p =0.013). There were no gender differences in general health or medication variables. Self-reported health, medical diagnoses and medication were significantly and consistently associated with the OIDP score: subjects with ≥1 diagnosis, OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.19-4.14) and subjects with ≥1 medicines, OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01-3.40) versus those without diagnoses or medication. However, there was a clear gradient: OIDP scores increased with increasing numbers of diagnoses and medicines. Conclusion. The Swedish version of the OIDP was found useful for measuring impacts of general health and medication on OHRQoL. Dental care should pay special attention to patients with medical conditions or who are on medication, because these patients are more likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances.
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| 20. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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A Novel Nanosafety Approach Using Cell Painting, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Captures the Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes Induced by the Unintentionally Formed Metal-Based (Nano)Particles
- 2023
-
In: Cells. - : MDPI. - 2073-4409. ; 12:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial 3D printing uses cutting-edge technologies and materials to produce a variety of complex products. However, the effects of the unintentionally emitted AM (nano)particles (AMPs) on human cells following inhalation, require further investigations. The physicochemical characterization of the AMPs, extracted from the filter of a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 3D printer of iron-based materials, disclosed their complexity, in terms of size, shape, and chemistry. Cell Painting, a high-content screening (HCS) assay, was used to detect the subtle morphological changes elicited by the AMPs at the single cell resolution. The profiling of the cell morphological phenotypes, disclosed prominent concentration-dependent effects on the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and the membranous structures of the cell. Furthermore, lipidomics confirmed that the AMPs induced the extensive membrane remodeling in the lung epithelial and macrophage co-culture cell model. To further elucidate the biological mechanisms of action, the targeted metabolomics unveiled several inflammation-related metabolites regulating the cell response to the AMP exposure. Overall, the AMP exposure led to the internalization, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton disruption, mitochondrial activation, membrane remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of the lung epithelial cells and macrophages. We propose the approach of integrating Cell Painting with metabolomics and lipidomics, as an advanced nanosafety methodology, increasing the ability to capture the cellular and molecular phenotypes and the relevant biological mechanisms to the (nano)particle exposure.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
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A holistic and experimentally-based view on recycling of off-gas dust within the integrated steel plant
- 2018
-
In: Metals. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 8:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ore-based ironmaking generates a variety of residues, including slags and fines such as dust and sludges. Recycling of these residues within the integrated steel plant or in other applications is essential from a raw-material efficiency perspective. The main recycling route of off-gas dust is to the blast furnace (BF) via sinter, cold-bonded briquettes and tuyere injection. However, solely relying on the BF for recycling implicates that certain residues cannot be recycled in order to avoid build-up of unwanted elements, such as zinc. By introducing a holistic view on recycling where recycling via other process routes, such as the desulfurization (deS) station and the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), landfilling can be avoided. In the present study, process integration analyses were utilized to determine the most efficient recycling routes for off-gas dust that are currently not recycled within the integrated steel plants of Sweden. The feasibility of recycling was studied in experiments conducted in laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials in the BF, deS station, and BOF. The process integration analyses suggested that recycling to the BF should be maximized before considering the deS station and BOF. The experiments indicated that the amount of residue that are not recycled could be minimized.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Alfred, et al.
(author)
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Att dra ner kollektivtrafiken på till exempel landsbygden riskerar klimatomställningen.
- 2019
-
In: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Regionfullmäktige i Skåne verkar ha missat att identifiera de grupper som riskerar att bli förlorare när klimatåtgärder genomförs och sakna strategier för att säkra dessa gruppers möjlighet att kunna resa och ha tillgång till olika aktiviteter. Det skriver fem transportforskare.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
-
RECYCLING OF THE HIGH-ZINC FRACTION OF UPGRADED BF SLUDGE WITHIN THE INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT
- 2018
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ore-based steelmaking generates a variety of residues and recycling of these within the existing process or via other applications is essential for sustainable production from mainly environmental aspects. In blast furnace (BF) ironmaking, the gas-cleaning equipment recovers the particles in the off-gas as BF dust and sludge. Traditionally, the dry dust is recycled back to the BF. In order to recycle the BF sludge together with the dust, the sludge has to be upgraded, removing zinc. The literature reports cases of recycling BF dust and the low-zinc fraction of upgraded BF sludge to the BF. However, research towards recycling of the high-zinc fraction of BF sludge within the ore-based steel plant is limited. In the present paper, the high-zinc fraction of tornado-treated BF sludge was incorporated in self-reducing cold-bonded agglomerates. The agglomerates were subjected to smelting reduction experiments aiming to study the feasibility of recycling the in-plant residues to the desulphurization plant. Difficulties in the melt-in of the agglomerates suggested that cold-bonded pellets were more suitable for recycling than the briquettes. However, full-scale trials suggested that cold-bonded briquettes can be used to recycle in-plant residues to the desulphurization plant without affecting the desulphurization process and final steel quality.
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| 26. |
|
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
-
The Potential of Recycling the High-Zinc Fraction of Upgraded BF Sludge to the Desulfurization Plant and Basic Oxygen Furnace
- 2018
-
In: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 8:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In ore-based steelmaking, blast furnace (BF) dust is generally recycled to the BF via the sinter or cold-bonded briquettes and injection. In order to recycle the BF sludge to the BF, the sludge has to be upgraded, removing zinc. The literature reports cases of recycling the low-zinc fraction of upgraded BF sludge to the BF. However, research towards recycling of the high-zinc fraction of BF sludge within the ore-based steel plant is limited. In the present paper, the high-zinc fraction of tornado-treated BF sludge was incorporated in self-reducing cold-bonded briquettes and pellets. Each type of agglomerate was individually subjected to technical-scale smelting reduction experiments aiming to study the feasibility of recycling in-plant residues to the hot metal (HM) desulfurization (deS) plant. The endothermic reactions within the briquettes decreased the heating and reduction rate leaving the briquettes unreduced and unmelted. The pellets were completely reduced within eight minutes of contact with HM but still showed melt-in problems. Cold-bonded briquettes, without BF sludge, were charged in industrial-scale trials to study the recycling potential to the HM deS plant and basic oxygen furnace (BOF). The trials illustrated a potential for the complete recycling of the high-zinc fraction of BF sludge. However, further studies were identified to be required to verify these results.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(author)
-
The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2011
-
In: Autoimmunity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44:5, s. 394-405
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative.Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996–2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes.Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%—a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1*X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA.Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1*X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(author)
-
Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial with 3-year follow-up of internet-delivered versus face-to-face group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 151:3, s. 986-994
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has been found to be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate depression, but there have been no direct comparisons with the more established group-based CBT with a long-term follow-up. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethod: Participants with mild to moderate depression were recruited from the general population and randomized to either guided ICBT (n =33) or to live group treatment (n=36). Measures were completed before and after the intervention to assess depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Follow-ups were conducted at one-year and three-year after the treatment had ended. Results: Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed-effects regression analysis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults on the self-rated version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale showed significant improvements in both groups across time indicating non-inferiority of guided ICBT, and there was even a tendency for the guided ICBT group to be superior to group-based CBT at three year follow-up. Within-group effect sizes for the ICBT condition at post treatment showed a Cohens d=1.46, with a similar large effect at 3-year follow-up, d=1.78. For the group CBT the corresponding within group effects were d =0.99 and d=1.34, respectively. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanLimitations: The study was small with two active treatments and there was no placebo or credible control condition. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: Guided ICBT is at least as effective as group based CBT and long-term effects can be sustained up to 3 years after treatment.
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| 30. |
- Andersson Grönlund, Marita, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2006
-
In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 84:2, s. 169-76
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To characterize ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional comprehensive ophthalmological investigation was performed on a sample of 143 children (67 girls, 76 boys) aged 4-15 years.RESULTS: Visual acuity (VA) in the better eye >or=1.0 (0.3 logMAR). Amblyopia was found in 0.7% of subjects. A total of 68% of the children had no refractive errors. Hyperopia (>or=2.0 dioptres [D] in spherical equivalent [SE]) was found in 9% and myopia (>or=0.5 D SE) in 6% of children. Astigmatism (>or=0.75 D) was recorded in 22% and anisometropia (>or=1.0 D SE) in 3%. A total of 8% were optically corrected. Strabismus was recorded in 3.5%. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were reported in 3% of the children.CONCLUSION: This sample of Swedish children may serve as a comparison group regarding ophthalmological findings in children aged 4-15 years.
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| 31. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Differences between heart failure clinics and primary health care
- 2013
-
In: British Journal of Community Nursing. - London : MA Healthcare Limited. - 1462-4753 .- 2052-2215. ; 18:6, s. 288-292
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a paucity of knowledge concerning how people with heart failure experience differences between specialised heart failure clinics and primary healthcare in Sweden. This study aimed to describe differences regarding information and follow- up in heart failure clinics and primary healthcare. The study was conducted in Sweden in 2011. Four people (three men, one woman: aged 60 to 84) with heart failure (NYHA II) were interviewed. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed after referral from the heart failure clinic to primary healthcare, follow-ups were omitted. Still, the patients needed care, support and information. The findings are illuminated in four themes. The patients' varying and individual needs can be difficult to recognise and manage unless they are followed-up from either HFC or PHC on a regular basis.
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| 32. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Differences between heart failure clinics and primary health care regarding information and follow-up
- 2013
-
In: British Journal of Community Nursing. - : Mark Allen Group. - 1462-4753 .- 2052-2215. ; 18:6, s. 288-292
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a paucity of knowledge concerning how people with heart failure experience differences between specialised heart failure clinics and primary healthcare in Sweden. This study aimed to describe differences regarding information and followup in heart failure clinics and primary healthcare. The study was conducted in Sweden in 2011. Four people (three men, one woman; aged 60 to 84) with heart failure (NYHA II) were interviewed. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed after referral from the heart failure clinic to primary healthcare, follow-ups were omitted. Still, the patients needed care, support and information. The findings are illuminated in four themes. The patients' varying and individual needs can be difficult to recognise and manage unless they are followed-up from either HFC or PHC on a regular basis.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Heart Failure Patients' Perceptions of Received and Wanted Information : A Cross-Sectional Study
- 2019
-
In: Clinical Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1054-7738 .- 1552-3799. ; 28:3, s. 340-355
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate heart failure patients’ perceptions of received and wanted information and to identify differences regarding received and wanted information in relation to sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Patients with heart failure (n = 192) were recruited from six primary health care centers in Sweden. Data were collected by a postal questionnaire. A majority of the respondents had received information about the condition and the medication. Within primary health care, most respondents had been informed about medication. The respondents wanted more information about continued care and treatment, medication, and the condition. There were significant differences between sociodemographic groups concerning what information they wanted. Clinical nurses can support patients with heart failure by using evidence-based methods that strengthen the patients’ self-efficacy and by individualized information that increases patients’ knowledge and improves their self-care behaviors. Future studies are needed to identify informational needs of particular fragile groups of patients.
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| 34. |
- Andersson, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Living with heart failure without realising : A qualitative patient study
- 2012
-
In: British Journal of Community Nursing. - : MA Healthcare Ltd.. - 1462-4753 .- 2052-2215. ; 17:12, s. 630-637
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heart failure is an important problem in Swedish primary healthcare as in the UK. In spite of that little is known about how people with heart failure experience support from primary healthcare. This paper investigates how people with heart failure experience support in primary healthcare. Semi structured interviews were conducted with five men and five women, born 1922-1951. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis in accordance with Graneheim and Lundman (2004). The participants experienced they had not received information about their diagnosis or about the cause of their condition. They had not been informed they had heart failure. Instead the participants believed their symptoms were caused by age, thus being part of normal ageing. They did not experience they needed care or support to cope with illness or disease. Instead their main needs for support in daily life concerned help with practical matters.There is a risk primary healthcare abandons people with heart failure meaning the patients are forced to develop strategies on their own in order to manage symptoms. When inadequately informed there is also a risk they make up their own explanations signifying possible difficulties to handle their health situation.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Maria, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
Differential global gene expression response patterns of human endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure
- 2005
-
In: J Vasc Res. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172. ; 42:5, s. 441-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the global gene expression response of endothelium exposed to shear stress and intraluminal pressure and tested the hypothesis that the two biomechanical forces induce a differential gene expression response pattern. Intact living human conduit vessels (umbilical veins) were exposed to normal or high intraluminal pressure, or to low or high shear stress in combination with a physiological level of the other force in a unique vascular ex vivo perfusion system. Gene expression profiling was performed by the Affymetrix microarray technology on endothelial cells isolated from stimulated vessels. Biomechanical forces were found to regulate a very large number of genes in the vascular endothelium. In this study, 1,825 genes were responsive to mechanical forces, which corresponds to 17% of the expressed genes. Among pressure-responsive genes, 647 genes were upregulated and 519 genes were down regulated, and of shear stress-responsive genes, 133 genes were upregulated and 771 down regulated. The fraction of genes that responded to both pressure and shear stimulation was surprisingly low, only 13% of the regulated genes. Our results indicate that the two different stimuli induce distinct gene expression response patterns, which can also be observed when studying functional groups. Considering the low number of overlapping genes, we suggest that the endothelial cells can distinguish between shear stress and pressure stimulation.
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| 36. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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A randomized trial of delayed versus early cord clamping: iron status and neurodevelopment at 12 months of age
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, as compared to early, on iron status and infant development at 12 months of age.Study design: Term infants (n = 382) were randomly assigned to delayed (≥180 sec) or early (≤10 sec) umbilical cord clamping. Follow up at 12 months of age included evaluation of iron status (ferritin, transferrin saturation, transferrin receptor, reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent and mean cell volume) and parental assessment of neurodevelopment by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.Results: At 12 months 347 infants were assessed. The two randomization groups did not differ in iron status or in neurodevelopment; 13 had iron deficiency and only one infant had iron deficiency anemia. Predictors of ferritin levels were infant sex and ferritin in umbilical cord blood. Predictors of ASQ were infant sex and breastfeeding within one hour after birth. For both outcomes, being a boy was associated with lower results. Interaction analysis showed that delayed cord clamping was associated with a 5 points higher ASQ score among boys, but a 12 points lower score in girls, out of a maximum of 300 points.Conclusions: Delayed cord clamping increases neonatal hemoglobin levels and improves iron status at four months of age, but does not affect ferritin levels or neurodevelopment assessed by ASQ in a selected population of healthy term born infants. However, minor effects on neurodevelopment may not be possible to demonstrate with the size of the study population and the chosen method for assessment. The current data indicate that effects of delayed cord clamping may differ according to infant sex and that boys may benefit more from delayed cord clamping than girls.
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Effect of delayed versus early umbilical cord clamping on neonatal outcomes and iron status at 4 months : a randomised controlled trial
- 2011
-
In: BMJ. British Medical Journal. - : BMJ, british Medical Association. - 0959-8146 .- 0959-535X. ; 343, s. d7157-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping, compared with early clamping, on infant iron status at 4 months of age in a European setting. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Swedish county hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 400 full term infants born after a low risk pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Infants were randomised to delayed umbilical cord clamping (≥180 seconds after delivery) or early clamping (≤10 seconds after delivery). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Haemoglobin and iron status at 4 months of age with the power estimate based on serum ferritin levels. Secondary outcomes included neonatal anaemia, early respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, and need for phototherapy. RESULTS: At 4 months of age, infants showed no significant differences in haemoglobin concentration between the groups, but infants subjected to delayed cord clamping had 45% (95% confidence interval 23% to 71%) higher mean ferritin concentration (117 μg/L v 81 μg/L, P<0.001) and a lower prevalence of iron deficiency (1 (0.6%) v 10 (5.7%), P=0.01, relative risk reduction 0.90; number needed to treat=20 (17 to 67)). As for secondary outcomes, the delayed cord clamping group had lower prevalence of neonatal anaemia at 2 days of age (2 (1.2%) v 10 (6.3%), P=0.02, relative risk reduction 0.80, number needed to treat 20 (15 to 111)). There were no significant differences between groups in postnatal respiratory symptoms, polycythaemia, or hyperbilirubinaemia requiring phototherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed cord clamping, compared with early clamping, resulted in improved iron status and reduced prevalence of iron deficiency at 4 months of age, and reduced prevalence of neonatal anaemia, without demonstrable adverse effects. As iron deficiency in infants even without anaemia has been associated with impaired development, delayed cord clamping seems to benefit full term infants even in regions with a relatively low prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia. Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01245296.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Delayed vs Early Umbilical Cord Clamping on Iron Status and Neurodevelopment at Age 12 Months A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2014
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In: JAMA PEDIATR. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6203. ; 168:6, s. 547-554
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Prevention of iron deficiency in infancy may promote neurodevelopment. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) can prevent iron deficiency during the first 6 months of life. However, no data are available on long-term effects on infant outcomes in relation to time for umbilical cord clamping. OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of DCC, as compared with early cord clamping (ECC), on infant iron status and neurodevelopment at age 12 months in a European setting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial of 382 full-term infants born after a low-risk pregnancy at a Swedish county hospital. Follow-up at 12 months included evaluation of iron status (ferritin level, transferrin saturation, transferrin receptor level, reticulocyte hemoglobin level, and mean cell volume) and parental assessment of neurodevelopment by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, second edition (ASQ). INTERVENTIONS Infants were randomized to DCC (>= 180 seconds after delivery) or ECC (<= 10 seconds after delivery). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was iron status at age 12 months; the secondary outcome was ASQ score. RESULTS In total, 347 of 382 infants (90.8%) were assessed. The DCC and ECC groups did not differ in iron status (mean ferritin level, 35.4 vs 33.6 ng/mL, respectively; P =.40) or neurodevelopment (mean ASQ total score, 229.6 vs 233.1, respectively; P =.42) at age 12 months. Predictors of ferritin levels were infant sex and ferritin in umbilical cord blood. Predictors of ASQ score were infant sex and breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth. For both outcomes, being a boy was associated with lower results. Interaction analysis showed that DCC was associated with an ASQ score 5 points higher among boys (mean [SD] score, 229 [43] for DCC vs 224 [39] for ECC) but 12 points lower among girls (mean [SD] score, 230 [39] for DCC vs 242 [36] for ECC), out of a maximum of 300 points (P =.04 for the interaction term). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Delayed cord clamping did not affect iron status or neurodevelopment at age 12 months in a selected population of healthy term-born infants. However, it may not be possible to demonstrate minor effects on neurodevelopment with the size of the study population and the chosen method for assessment. The current data indicate that sex may influence the effects on infant development after DCC in different directions. The magnitude and biological reason for this finding remain to be investigated.
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| 39. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Effects of delayed compared with early umbilical cord clamping on maternal postpartum hemorrhage and cord blood gas sampling : a randomized trial
- 2013
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In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:5, s. 567-574
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) compared with early cord clamping (ECC) on maternal postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and umbilical cord blood gas sampling. Design. Secondary analysis of a parallel-group, single-center, randomized controlled trial. Setting. Swedish county hospital. Population. 382 term deliveries after a low-risk pregnancy. Methods. Deliveries were randomized to DCC (>= 180 seconds, n = 193) or ECC (<= 10 seconds, n = 189). Maternal blood loss was estimated by the midwife. Samples for blood gas analysis were taken from one umbilical artery and the umbilical vein, from the pulsating unclamped cord in the DCC group and from the double-clamped cord in the ECC group. Samples were classified as valid when the arterial-venous difference was -0.02 or less for pH and 0.5 kPa or more for pCO(2). Main outcome measures. PPH and proportion of valid blood gas samples. Results. The differences between the DCC and ECC groups with regard to PPH(1.2%, p = 0.8) and severe PPH(-2.7%, p = 0.3) were small and non-significant. The proportion of valid blood gas samples was similar between theDCC (67%, n = 130) and ECC (74%, n = 139) groups, with 6% (95% confidence interval: -4%-16%, p = 0.2) fewer valid samples after DCC. Conclusions. Delayed cord clamping, compared with early, did not have a significant effect on maternal postpartum hemorrhage or on the proportion of valid blood gas samples. We conclude that delayed cord clamping is a feasible method from an obstetric perspective.
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| 40. |
- Andersson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Effects of delayed cord clamping on neurodevelopment and infection at four months of age : a randomised trial
- 2013
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 102:5, s. 525-531
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim To investigate the effect that delayed and early umbilical cord clamping have on neurodevelopment, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and symptoms of infection during the first 4months of life.Methods Full-term infants (n=382) were randomised to delayed (180sec) or early cord clamping (10sec). The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to assess neurodevelopment at 4months. Immunoglobulin G was measured at birth, 23days and 4months. Parents recorded any symptoms indicating infection during the first 4months of life.Results The total scores from the ASQ did not differ between groups. However, the delayed cord clamping (DCC) group had a higher mean (SD) score in the problem-solving domain [55.3 (7.2) vs. 53.5 (8.2), p=0.03] at 4months and a lower mean (SD) score in the personal-social domain [49.5 (9.3) vs. 51.8 (8.1), p=0.01]. The IgG level was higher in the DCC group at 23days (11.7 vs. 11.0g/L, p=0.004), but did not differ between the groups at 4months. Symptoms of infection were comparable between the groups.Conclusion Delayed cord clamping did not affect overall neurodevelopment or symptoms of infection up to 4months of age, but may have an impact on specific neurodevelopmental domains.
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| 41. |
- Andersson Sjöland, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Fibroblast phenotypes and their activity are changed in the wound healing process after lung transplantation.
- 2011
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In: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117 .- 1053-2498. ; 30, s. 945-954
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation (LTx) is established as a life-saving treatment in end-stage lung disease. However, long-term survival is hampered by the development of chronic rejection, almost synonymous with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The rejection is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix in small airways. Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix molecules such as proteoglycans. This study compared fibroblast phenotype and activity in the wound healing process at different points after LTx in patients who later did, or did not, develop BOS. METHODS: Distally derived fibroblasts from patients 6 and 12 months after LTx and from healthy controls were analyzed for production of the proteoglycans versican, perlecan, biglycan, and decorin, with and without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1). Fibroblast migration and proliferation were also studied. RESULTS: At 6 and 12 months after LTx, versican production was higher in fibroblasts from LTx patients (p < 0.01 p < 0.01) than from controls. Fibroblasts from patients who later developed BOS were more responsive to TGF-β(1)-induced synthesis of versican and biglycan than patients without signs of rejection (p < 0.05). Production of perlecan and decorin was negatively correlated with fibroblast proliferation in fibroblasts at 6 months after LTx. In a more detailed case study of 2 patients, one with and one without BOS, the altered proteoglycan profile was associated with impaired lung function. CONCLUSIONS: LTx changes the phenotype of fibroblasts to a non-proliferative but extracellular matrix-producing cell due to wound healing involving TGF-β(1). If not controlled, this may lead to development of BOS.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Strabismus and binocular functions in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2005
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In: Strabismus. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0927-3972 .- 1744-5132. ; 13:2, s. 55-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate strabismus, head posture, nystagmus, stereoacuity, ocular motility, near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a sample of Swedish children. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 children, 4-15 years of age. RESULTS: Heterotropia was found in five children (3.5%), four with esotropia and one with exotropia. One child with esotropia had a slight overaction of both inferior oblique muscles. Heterophoria was found in 37 children (26%) at near and/or distance fixation and it was four times more common at near than at distance. In 29 children, heterophoria was found at one distance only and orthophoria at the other. Orthophoria at both near and distance fixation was noted in 101 children (70.5%). The near point of convergence was < or =6 cm in 97% of the children and 97% had stereoacuity of 60" or better. In the whole group, the median AC/A ratio calculated with the heterophoria method was 5.6/1 prism diopters/diopters (PD/D) and with the gradient method, 1.3/1 PD/D. No anomalous head postures or nystagmus were observed and all children had normal versions. CONCLUSION: In this study, 143 well-defined children were investigated with a battery of accurately described tests, commonly used in clinical practice. These results are in agreement with those of other studies examining one or few variables in larger populations and the authors therefore conclude that their results may be used for comparisons with different patient groups.
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| 45. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Fiskundersökningar vid Lillgrund vindkraftpark : Slutredovisning av kontrollprogram för fisk och fiske 2002–2010
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Regeringen gav 2001 tillstånd till uppförande av en vindkraftpark på Lillgrund i Öresund. Slutliga villkor för verksamheten och omfattningen av uppföljningsprogrammet fastställdes av miljödomstolen 2002. Lillgrunds vindkraftpark togs i drift under år 2008, och är den idag största fullföljda satsningen på havsbaserad vindkraft i Sverige. Fiskeriverket har genomfört undersökningar i området under åren före (2002–2005) respektive efter (2008–2010) anläggandet av vindkraftparken (baslinjeperiod respektive driftperiod). Syftet har varit att undersöka vindkraftparkens inverkan under driftfasen på bentisk (bottennära) och pelagisk (i fria vattnet levande) fisk samt fiskvandring. Undersökningarna har delvis varit integrerade med undersökningar utförda inom forskningsprogrammet Vindval som finansieras av Energimyndigheten. Arbetet har skett under kontinuerlig kontakt mellan Fiskeriverket och Vattenfall, som äger och driver vindkraftparken, samt tillsynsmyndigheten (Länsstyrelsen i Skåne län).Akustik (ljud) • Den samlade ljudenergin från vindkraftparken under vattenytan genereras huvudsakligen genom vibrationer från växellådan.• En analys av den totala ljudnivån i området från Lillgrunds vindkraftpark visade ett samband mellan ljudnivån och antalet turbiner i vindkraft- parken (så kallad parkeffekt), där varje enskild turbin bidrar till att öka den totala ljudnivån i området.• Ljudmätningar vid Lillgrunds vindkraftpark visar att ljudnivåerna endast inom ca 100 meter från en turbin och vid höga vindstyrkor är tillräckligt höga för att medföra en risk att vissa arter av fisk påverkas negativt, i form av direkt flyktbeteende eller möjlig maskering av kommunikation.• Stressreaktioner kan förekomma även på längre avstånd än 100 meter från en turbin. Detta orsakas av att ljudet från turbinerna är kontinuerligt och högre än bakgrundsljudet inom vissa frekvenser. Mätningar av undervattensljud utfördes på olika avstånd till enskilda turbiner, liksom på längre avstånd från hela vindkraftparken och på ett kontrollområde (Sjollen) 10 km norr om vindkraftparken. Resultaten visar att vindkraftverken producerar ett bredfrekvent buller under 1 kHz samt ett par toner där 127 Hz tonen är den kraftigaste (vibrationer från ett steg i växellådan). Av den samlade ljudenergin under vattenytan från vindkraftparken ligger större delen runt tonen 127 Hz. De maximala beräknade ljudnivåerna, genererade av vindkraftverken vid full effekt (12 m/s), vid 1 m var 136 dB re 1µPa(RMS) för den av turbinerna dominanta 127 Hz (integrerad över 123–132 Hz) tonen och 138 dB re 1µPa(RMS) vid fullt spektrum (integrerad över 52–343 Hz). På ett avstånd av 100 m från en turbin gick nivåerna ner till 104–106 dB re 1µPa(RMS) för fullt 9 Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2013:18 spektrum, vilket är nära det lokalt uppmätta bakgrundsljudet i Öresund, men ljudnivån låg fortfarande omkring 23 dB över bakgrunden för 127 Hz tonen.En analys av den totala ljudnivån i området från Lillgrunds vindkraftpark visade ett samband mellan ljudnivån och antalet turbiner i vindkraftparken (så kallad parkeffekt). På nära håll (<80 m) dominerade den enskilda turbinen ljudmiljön med en beräknad utbredningsförlust på 17·log (avståndet). På längre avstånd (80 m till 7000 m) var utbredningsförlusten mindre än 17•log (avståndet). Detta förklarades av att de andra turbinerna i vindkraftparken bidrog till den totala ljudnivån. På längre avstånd (>7 km) verkade hela vindkraftparken som en punktkälla och utbredningsförlusten var återigen 17•log (avståndet).Ljudnivåer motsvarande de uppmätta och beräknade ljudnivåerna vid Lillgrunds vindkraftspark har inte visats ge några fysiska skador på fisk enligt befintliga publicerade vetenskapliga studier. Endast inom ca 100 m från en turbin och vid höga vindstyrkor var nivåerna tillräckligt höga för att medföra en risk att vissa arter av fisk påverkas negativt i form av direkt flyktbeteende eller möjlig maskering av kommunikation. Responsen beror på den individuella artens känslighet för ljud. Fiskar har visats bli stressade av att befinna sig i en konstant bullrig ljudmiljö, vilket i sin tur kan resultera till exempel i lägre tillväxthastighet eller påverka fortplantningen. Stress i allmänhet kan även i kombination med andra negativa faktorer öppna upp för sjukdomar m.m. på grund av försämrat immunförsvar. Djur kan dock välja att stanna kvar i ett område trots störningar, om området är tillräckligt viktigt för dess överlevnad eller fortplantning.Baserat på den beräknade ljudutbredningen omkring vindkraftparken skulle lax och ål teoretiskt kunna upptäcka 127 Hz tonen på 250 m respektive 1 km avstånd vid en driftseffektivitet på 60 och 100 %, vilket motsvarar vindstyrkorna på ca 6 och 12 m/s. De beräknade avstånden skulle begränsas av de båda fiskarternas hörselförmåga och inte av bakgrundsljudet i Öresund. För sill och torsk beräknades ett teoretiskt detektionsavstånd på mellan 13 respektive 16 km för en driftseffektivitet på 60 och 100 %. Detta avstånd skulle ha varit längre men begränsades för dessa arter av bakgrundsbruset i området. Beräkningarna anger alltså att fisk potentiellt kan detektera ljud från vindkraftparken på relativt långa avstånd. Lokala variationer av bottendjup och fysiska hinder som halvöar, t.ex. Falsterbonäset, kan dock ha en stor inverkan på förutsättningarna för den faktiska ljudutbredningen. Bentisk (bottennära) fisk• Fisksamhällets utveckling på Lillgrund var likartat det i referensområdena under de studerade åren. För vindkraftparken som helhet noterades ingen effekt på fisksamhällets artrikedom, artsammansättning eller mängden fisk. • Flera arter av bottenlevande fisk visade en ökad förekomst i närområdena för de enskilda vindkraftverken jämfört med på längre avstånd, framför allt ål (gulål), torsk, stensnultra och rötsimpa. Resultaten återspeglar mer sannolikt en omfördelning av fisk inom vindkraftparken, än en förändrad produktivitet eller en inflyttning från omkringliggande områden. Ansamlingen beror sannolikt på att vindkraftverkens fundament erbjuder möjlighet till skydd och födosök.• Effektavståndet inom vilken en ansamling kunde noteras skattades, för de olika arterna, till mellan 50 och 160 m från ett vindkraftverk. Fiskens fördelning hade även ett visst samband med den lokala ljudmiljön, i form av en lägre grad av aggregation nära vindkraftverken vid högre ljudnivåer. Effekten var tydligast hos tånglake och ål (gulål). Omfattningen av effekten av ljud var dock lägre än aggregationseffekten till närområdet för tornen. Hos torsk sågs ingen respons i förhållande till ljudnivå. Förändringar i fisksamhällets sammansättning över tid undersöktes i jämförelse med två referensområden. Av dessa hade det norra referensområdet (Sjollen) starkare marina inslag än det södra referensområdet (Bredgrund). Artsammansättningen vid Lillgrund hade likheter med båda referensområdena. Resultaten av provfisken med ryssjor och nätlänkar indikerade att det inte skett någon kraftig förändring i artantal, artsammansättning eller mängd fisk efter det att anläggningen uppförts, sett till vindkraftparken som helhet. Hos enskilda arter noterades dock vissa förändringar. En ökad fångst av strandkrabba och ål (gulål) observerades under de två första åren av drift, men inte under det tredje året. Fångsten av tånglake ökade i alla områden under den studerade perioden, men i något mindre omfattning på Lillgrund än i referensområdena. För de övriga arterna skedde parallella förändringar på Lillgrund och på minst ett av referensområdena. Resultatet antyder att fisksamhället inom vindkraftparken i första hand påverkats av samma övergripande faktorer som fisksamhället i referensområdena, snarare än av skeenden inom vindkraftparken. Vid en analys av fördelningsmönster nära tornen noterades en ökad förekomst i närområdet för vindkraftverken hos fyra av åtta studerade fiskarter, nämligen rötsimpa, stensnultra, torsk och ål (gulål). Effekten syntes redan efter det första året av drift och var likartad under samtliga tre studerade år. Hos tånglake sågs en svag effekt, som var signifikant endast i det utökade dataunderlaget från 2010. Aggregationen var tydligast inom ett avstånd på upp till 50–160 meter från vindkraftverket, med avseende på de olika arterna. En jämförelse av olika påverkansfaktorer baserat på data från 2010 visade att det observerade fördelningsmönstret i högre grad kunde förklaras av vindkraftparkens närvaro än av områdets djupförhållanden. Analysen indikerade även ett samband mellan mängden fisk och den lokala ljudmiljön, med en minskad förekomst av fisk vid högre ljudnivåer. Den tydligaste responsen sågs hos tånglake och ål. Hos torsk sågs ingen respons i förhållande till ljudnivå, och hos rötsimpa och strandkrabba sågs en respons endast under hösten. Omfattningen av effekten av ljud var dock lägre än aggregationseffekten till närområdet för tornen. Resultaten tolkades som att fisken aggregerades till området nära vindkraftverken under samtliga förhållanden, men att effekten var relativt svagare under förhållanden med högre ljudnivåer. Det vore lämpligt att återbesöka vindkraftparken efter några år för att följa den långsiktiga utvecklingen av fisk, och se om den observerade ansamlingen av vissa fiskarter nära vindkraftverken fortsatt, och eventuellt tilltagit till att även omfatta kvantitativa effekter. En av förutsättningarna för en sådan utveckling är att uttaget av fisk, till exempel genom fiske eller predation från marina däggdjur och fiskätande fågel, inte ökar i området.Pela
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| 46. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Study of the Fish Communities at Lillgrund Wind Farm : Final Report from the Monitoring Programme for Fish and Fisheries 2002–2010
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In 2001, the Swedish Government authorised the construction of an offshore wind farm at Lillgrund in the Öresund Strait between Denmark and Sweden. In 2002, the Environmental Court defined the final terms and conditions for the wind farm development and the extent of the monitoring programme required. Lillgrund wind farm came into full operation in 2008, and is currently the largest offshore wind farm in operation in Sweden. The Swedish National Board of Fisheries conducted a monitoring programme, in the area, in the years before (2002–2005) and after (2008– 2010) the construction of the wind farm; a base line study and a study when the wind farm was operational, respectively. No investigation was conducted during the construction phase. The aim was to investigate the impact of the wind farm during the operational phase on the benthic and pelagic fish as well as on fish migration. These studies have partly been integrated into work conducted as a part of the Vindval Research Programme, funded by the Swedish Energy Agency.Acoustics (sound) • The overall sound energy from the wind farm under water is mainly generated by vibration from the gearbox.• An analysis of the sound pressure level for the wind farm area, showed a correlation between noise level and the number of turbines in the wind farm (the so called park effect), where each individual turbine helps to increase the overall noise level in the area. • Sound measurements from Lillgrund wind farm showed that noise levels within a distance of 100 metres from a turbine at high wind speeds are high enough to be a risk for some species of fish to be negatively affected, e.g. in the form of direct escape behaviour, or masking of vocal communication between individuals. • Stress reactions can also occur at distances of more than 100 metres from a turbine. This is due to the fact that the noise from the turbines is continuous and louder than the ambient noise levels within some frequencies. Measurements of the underwater noise levels were carried out at varying distances from individual turbines, from longer distances away from the entire wind farm as well as within a reference site (Sjollen) 10 km north of the wind farm. The results show that the wind farm produces a broadband noise below 1 kHz as well as one or two tones where the 127 Hz tone is the most powerful (vibrations from the first stage in the gear box). The majority of the overall underwater sound energy from the wind farm lies around the tone of 127 Hz. The maximum noise levels, generated by the wind turbine, working at full production (12 m/s), at 1 m were 136 dB re 1µPa(RMS) for the dominant tone of the turbine which was 127 Hz (integrated across 123–132 Hz) and 138 dB re 1µPa(RMS) at the full spectrum (integrated across 52–343 Hz). At a distance of 100 m from the turbine, the noise levels are reduced to 104–106 dB re 1µPa(RMS) across the full spectrum, which is close to the locally measured ambient noise in the Öresund Strait, but the noise level was still around 23 dB above the background level for the 127 Hz tone.An analysis of the sound pressure level for the wind farm area showed a correlation between noise level and the number of turbines in the wind farm (called the park effect). Close to the wind farm (<80 m), the noise environment was dominated by the individual wind turbine with a calculated sound propagation loss of 17•log (distance). At greater distances (80 m to 7000 m) the sound propagation loss was non-linear and less than 17•log (distance). This is explained by the fact that the other turbines in the wind farm contributed to the total noise level. At even greater distances (>7 km) the entire wind farm functioned as a point source and the sound propagation loss was once again measured as 17•log (distance). The noise levels equivalent to those recorded and calculated from Lillgrund wind farm have not been shown to cause any physical injury to fish according to the current published scientific literature. It was only within some 100 metres from a turbine at high wind speeds that the noise levels were high enough to result in the risk of negative effects on some species of fish in the form of direct escape behaviour or possible masking of communication. The response depends upon the individual species’ sensitivity to sound. Fish have been shown to become stressed when they find themselves in a consistently noisy environment, which in turn can result in for example, lower growth rates or can have an impact on reproduction. Stress in general can also, in combination with other negative factors, make them more susceptible to disease etc., due to an impaired immune system. Animals can choose however, to remain in an area despite the disturbance, if the area is sufficiently important for their survival or reproduction. Based on the calculated sound propagation around the wind farm, salmon and eel could theoretically detect the 127 Hz tone at 250 m and 1 km distances respectively at a productivity rate of 60 and 100 %, which is equivalent to a wind speed of approximately 6 and 12 m/s. The calculated distances would be limited by the hearing ability of both fish species and not the background noise levels in the Öresund Strait. For herring and cod, the theoretical detection distance was calculated to be between 13 and 16 km respectively for a production rate of 60 and 100 %. This distance should have been greater, but is limited for these species due to the ambient noise levels in the area. These calculations indicate that fish can potentially detect sound from the wind farm at relatively long distances. Local variations with regard to depth and physical barriers such as peninsulas, e.g. Falsterbonäset in the southern end of the Öresund Strait, can however, have a large impact on the actual sound propagation. Benthic Fish• The temporal development of the fish community in Lillgrund was similar to that observed in the reference areas during the study period. For the wind farm as a whole, no effect was observed on species richness, species composition or on the abundance of fish. • Several species of fish however, showed an increase in abundance close to the wind turbines compared with further away, especially eel (yellow eel) (Anguilla anguilla), cod (Gadus morhua), goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). The results reflect a redistribution of fish within the wind farm, rather than a change in productivity or migration from surrounding areas. The increase in abundance is probably due to the wind turbine foundations providing an opportunity for protection and improved foraging. The distance within which an increased abundance could be observed was estimated, for different species, to be between 50– 160 metres from a wind turbine. • Fish distribution may to some extent have been influenced by the local acoustic environment, as a lower degree of aggregation close to the wind turbines at higher noise levels. The effect was most obvious for eelpout and eel (yellow eel). No response was seen for cod in relation to sound levels. Changes in the species composition of the fish communities over time were studied in comparison with two reference areas. Of these, the northerly reference area (Sjollen) had a larger marine component than the southern reference area (Bredgrund). The species composition at Lillgrund had similarities with both of the reference areas. The results from fish sampling with fyke nets and gill net series indicate that there have been no significant changes in the number of species, the species composition or the fish abundance after the wind farm was built, looking at the wind farm as a whole. Some changes have however been noted in relation to individual species. An increased catch of shore crab and eel (yellow eel) was observed during the first two years of production, but not in the third year. The catch of eelpout increased in all areas during the period studied, but to a slightly lesser extent at Lillgrund when compared to the reference areas. For the other species, the changes observed at Lillgrund were similar to at least one of the reference areas. These results suggest that the fish communities within the wind farm were primarily affected by the same general environmental conditions as the fish communities within the reference areas, rather than by the effects of the wind farm. An analysis of the distribution patterns of fish close to the turbines showed an increased abundance in the immediate vicinity of the wind turbines in four of the eight species of fish studied: specifically shorthorn sculpin, goldsinny wrasse, cod and eel (yellow eel). The effects were seen already after the first year and were similar over all three years studied. An effect was also identified for eelpout, but only in 2010. The aggregation effect was seen within a distance of 50–160 metres from the wind turbines, different for the different species. A comparison of the relative effect of different factors, based on the data from an extended survey in 2010, showed that the observed distribution pattern could be explained to a larger extent by the presence of the turbines rather than the underwater topography of the area. The analysis also indicated weak effects of the local acoustic environment on fish distribution patterns, with a reduced presence of fish at higher noise levels. The response was strongest for eelpout and eel. No response in relation to noise level was seen for cod. For shorthorn scuplin and common shore crab a response was seen only 11 Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management Report 2013:19 during the autumn. The magnitude of the effect of noise was, however, lower than the aggregation effect. Hence, fish aggregated close to the wind turbines in all conditions, but the effect was weaker when the noise levels were higher. It is recommended that the t
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| 47. |
- Bjerre, Pontus, et al.
(author)
-
A randomized trial of basing treatment on human papillomavirus and/or cytology results in low-grade cervical lesion triage
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6868 .- 0002-9378. ; 199:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare management algorithms that base treatment with loop electrosurgical excision procedure on human papillomavirus and/or repeat Papanicolaou test smear results. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial that referred 674 women with either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions cytology results, detected in organized screening to treatment either (1) if they were positive in a repeat Papanicolaou test smear and/or a human papillomavirus test or (2) if they were positive in the repeat Papanicolaou test smear test only. Women who tested positive were treated, regardless of colposcopic findings. RESULTS: There were 208 of 337 (62%) women who were treated in the human papillomavirus /Papanicolaou test smear group (187/337 because of HPV positivity) and 138 of 337 (41%) in the Papanicolaou test smear only group. Histopathologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse was found among 112 of 337 (33.2%) women in the human papillomavirus/Papanicolaou test smear group compared with 85 of 337 (25.2%) women in the Papanicolaou test smear only group (P < .05). Twenty-one women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ had normal colposcopy. CONCLUSION: For adequate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ sensitivity, the decision to use loop electrosurgical excision procedure needs to be based on human papillomavirus testing results and should not exclude women with normal colposcopy.
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| 48. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Cultivations of Vibrio cholerae using probing control of glucose feeding
- 2002
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In: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 62-62
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One reason for cultvating Vibrio cholera is for production of CTB, which is a component in a cholera vaccine. Techniques of high cell density fermentation developed for recombinant E. coli are investigated.In the literature there is evidence of acetate formation when cultivating V. cholerae, and it is probable that the acetate has the same negative consequences for V. cholerae as for E. coli. Formation of acetate in E. coli cultures occurs under anaerobic conditions, but also under fully aerobic conditions in situations with excess carbon source.Mats Åkesson has developed a probing feeding strategy, which avoid overflow metabolism while maintaining a high growth rate. The probing feeding strategy consists of pulses that are superimposed to the glucose feed. The pulses give rise to changes in the glucose uptake, which can be seen in the dissolved oxygen measurements. A feedback algorithm uses the information from the pulse responses to change the feed rate. A safety net decreases the feed rate when maximal stirrer speed is reached to avoid oxygen limitations. The probing feeding has been tested in five fed - batch cultivations with V. cholerae JS1596 in defined media. The strategy is working as well for V. cholerae as for E. coli in minimizing the amount acetic acid formed and avoiding anaerobic conditions. Two hours after the feed start most of the acetic acid accumulated during the batch phase is consumed. During this acetic acid consumption period the resulting growth rate is a bit lower than later on when the acetic acid is depleted. The probing feeding strategy thus gives favorable cultivation conditions in a controlled way.
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| 49. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Probing control of glucose feeding in Vibrio cholerae cultivations
- 2003
-
In: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-7605 .- 1615-7591. ; 25:4, s. 221-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infection with Vibrio cholerae is a significant problem in manydeveloping countries. Cultivation of Vibrio cholerae is used inproduction of CTB, which is a component in a cholera vaccine. Fed - batch cultivations with V. cholerae in defined mediahave been conducted and reproducible results were obtained. A probing feeding strategy developed by Åkessonfor E. coli cultivations has been tested.The program is working as well for V. cholerae as forE. coliin minimizing the amount acetic acid formed and avoiding anaerobicconditions. Two hours after the feed start most of the acetic acidaccumulated during the batch phase is consumed. The resulting feedrate tends to be thehighest possible with respect to the constraints from cell metabolismand mass transfer, thus maximizing productivity in terms of biomass.A cell dry weight of 20 - 23 g/l is obtained after12 hours of feeding.
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| 50. |
- Eriksson, Lars-Erik, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Development of a Cooled Radial Flameholder for the F404/RM12 Afterburner: Part III Afterburner Rumble Prediction and Suppression
- 2003
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In: ISABE-2003-1060, proc. of 16th ISABE Conf, Cleveland Ohio, September 2003.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One-dimensional methods used for solving acoustic instabilities are of doubtful value in the design of afterburner systems. In this paper a three-dimensional method developed and used at Volvo Aero Corporation is described. The method deals with the mean flow and the perturbation flow separately. The perturbation part is based on the linearized Euler equations (time domain) for compressible multi-species flow together with a spectrum trans-formation and Arnoldis method for eigenmode extraction.
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