| 1. |
- Cappellini, Enrico, et al.
(author)
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Resolution of the type material of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 (Proboscidea, Elephantidae)
- 2014
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In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 170:1, s. 222-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The understanding of Earth's biodiversity depends critically on the accurate identification and nomenclature of species. Many species were described centuries ago, and in a surprising number of cases their nomenclature or type material remain unclear or inconsistent. A prime example is provided by Elephas maximus, one of the most iconic and well-known mammalian species, described and named by Linnaeus (1758) and today designating the Asian elephant. We used morphological, ancient DNA (aDNA), and high-throughput ancient proteomic analyses to demonstrate that a widely discussed syntype specimen of E.maximus, a complete foetus preserved in ethanol, is actually an African elephant, genus Loxodonta. We further discovered that an additional E.maximus syntype, mentioned in a description by John Ray (1693) cited by Linnaeus, has been preserved as an almost complete skeleton at the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence. Having confirmed its identity as an Asian elephant through both morphological and ancient DNA analyses, we designate this specimen as the lectotype of E.maximus. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000423.
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| 2. |
- Fernholm, Bo, 1941-, et al.
(author)
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A New Species of Hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from the Colombian Caribbean
- 2014
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In: Copeia. ; 3, s. 530-533
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eptatretus aceroi, new species, is described from one specimen captured on the upper continental slope in ColombianCaribbean waters at 705 m depth. The species can be distinguished from all congeners by having five gill apertures, 3/2multicuspid teeth in the outer and inner tooth rows, respectively, an extremely slender body with the depth at thevertical through the pharyngocutaneous aperture 2.4% of the total length, and by having a total of 174 slime pores, thehighest count in the genus. The species is compared with the other western Atlantic five-gilled species of Eptatretus.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fernholm, Bo, et al.
(author)
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First record of hagfish (Cyclostomata: Myxinidae) in Indian waters
- 2017
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In: Journal of Threatened Taxa. - : Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society. - 0974-7893 .- 0974-7907. ; 9:6, s. 10365-10368
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One specimen of hag fish Eptatretus sp. was collected from the Arabian Sea, off Kerala coast of India at 500-600 m depth. The phylogenetic analysis using the sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase C (CO1) suggested the Eptatretus sp. collected from India is distinct from all other species where sequence data is available and P ID (Liberal) for Eptatretus sp. collected from India is 0.96, indicating a high probability that an unknown member of the putative species would be correctly identified as a member once more specimens are collected.
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| 5. |
- Fernholm, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Hagfish phylogeny and taxonomy, with description of the new genus Rubicundus (Craniata, Myxinidae)
- 2013
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In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0947-5745 .- 1439-0469. ; 51:4, s. 296-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A recent phylogenetic analysis of the Myxinidae based on the 16S rRNA gene resulted in synonymization of Paramyxine with Eptatretus. This created homonymy of Paramyxine fernholmi with Eptatretus fernholmi and Paramyxine wisneri with Eptatretus wisneri. In order to resolve this nomenclatural dilemma, we made a more extensive phylogenetic assessment of the Myxinidae and examined the nomenclature of the family. We used 75 sequences (37 of which new for this study) of a 561 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, representing 33 species, and 72 sequences (37 of which new for this study) of a 687 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, representing 23 species, to reconstruct the phylogeny of Myxinidae. The monophyly of the subfamily Myxininae, traditionally characterized by having a single pair of external gill openings, was rejected (0.50 Bayesian posterior probability) by the 16S analysis, but supported by the COI and combined COI+16S analyses (0.99 and 0.81 Bpp, respectively). The monophyly of the subfamily Eptatretinae, characterized by having several pairs of external gill openings, was not supported by the 16S analysis and rejected by the COI and combined COI+16S analysis due to the placement of Eptatretus lopheliae as the earliest branch of Myxinidae (0.71 and 0.57 Bpp, respectively). Eptatretus lopheliae and Eptatretus rubicundus formed a monophyletic group and were allocated to a new genus, Rubicundus, characterized by the presence of an elongated tubular nostril and reddish coloration. A new monotypic subfamily, Rubicundinae, was proposed for Rubicundus. The synonymy of the genera Paramyxine and Quadratus with Eptatretus was confirmed. E. fernholmi is renamed Eptatretus luzonicus. Eptatretus wisneri was renamed Eptatretus bobwisneri. Petromyzon cirrhatus Forster, 1801, Homea banksii Fleming, 1822, and Bdellostoma forsteri Müller, 1836 are synonyms, but no type specimens are known to exist. Petromyzon cirrhatus was designated as type species of Eptatretus, conserving present usage. Gastrobranchus dombeyi Shaw, 1804 has priority over other names for Chilean myxinids. Bdellostoma stoutii was designated as type species of Polistotrema Gill. The validity of the Western Atlantic Myxine limosa as distinct from the Eastern Atlantic Myxine glutinosa was confirmed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fernholm, Bo, 1941-
(author)
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Riksmuseet och Riksmusei Vänner
- 2015
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In: Biologen Tidskrift för Biologilärarnas förening. - Lenanders grafiska AB. - 0345-1127. ; 80:1, s. 8-10
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 8. |
- Fernholm, Bo
(author)
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Riksmuseet, Riksmusei Vänner och Malaise
- 2015
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In: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - : Sveriges entomologiska förening. - 0013-886X. ; 136:4, s. 139-142
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- En regnig och blåsig höstdag den 13 november1916 invigde kung Gustav V Naturhistoriskariksmuseets nya lokaler i Frescati, en monumentalbyggnad på granitsockel med mörkt rött tegeli fasaderna (Fig. 1). Den fantastiska kupolenmed sitt koppartak och glas har nyligen genomgripanderenoverats och framträder i skick somnytt. I kupolen var det tänkt att en Foucault´spendel skulle hänga. Diskussioner om pendelnhar nyligen åter initierats av Riksmusei vänner.De rikliga utsmyckningarna är värda att tittaefter. De flesta missar nog tyvärr de två bamsigabjörnungarna som pryder entrén från stora vägennär museet fått nya infarter. Samma år utkom boken”Naturhistoriska riksmuseets historia, Dessuppkomst och utveckling” utgiven av KungligaVetenskapsakademien. Boken kan sägas varasamlingarnas historia. Där beskrivs hur museetär årsbarn med Vetenskapsakademien, som närden grundades 1739 av bl. a. Linné också inrättadeett skåp för naturalier. Av den anledningenfirade Naturhistoriska riksmuseet sitt 250 års jubileummed pompa och ståt år 1989.Mindre än ett decennium efter att NaturhistoriskaRiksmuseet flyttade till Frescati, år 1925,bildades föreningen Riksmusei Vänner somstödjer museet på många olika vis. Vi vill medden här artikeln dels informera om föreningenoch uppmuntra till medlemsskap, dels beskrivaföreningens koppling till svensk entomologi ochsärskilt Renè Malaise.
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| 9. |
- Jansson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Genetic relationships among species of hagfish revealed by protein electrophoresis
- 1995
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In: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 47:4, s. 599-608
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hagfish species of the genera Myxine, Eptatretus and Pnramyxine were analysed for genetic variation by allozyme electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of general proteins. Large genetic differences were observed between samples of supposed conspecifics of Myxine circifrons from off the Californian coast, and also within one sample of Paramyxine sp. from Sagami Bay, Japan. The results are convincing evidence of the existence of additional sympatric species in these two areas. In general, the highest genetic identities were found between species within the subfamilies Myxininae and Eptatretinae. Within Eptatretinae, the Japanese species Eptatietus burgeri was genetically more similar to Japanese species of Paramyxine than to American species of Eptatretus. Thus, our data indicate that the generic status of Paramyxine should be reconsidered. (C) 1995 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
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| 10. |
- Werdelin, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Locating specimens of extinct tiger (Panthera tigris) subspecies: Caspian tiger (P. t. virgata), Javan tiger (P. t. sondaica), and Balinese tiger (P. t. balica) – including previously unpublished specimens
- 2013
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In: Mammal Study. - : Mammalogical Society of Japan. - 1343-4152 .- 1348-6160. ; 38, s. 187-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent advances in multivariate statistics, and in ancient DNA techniques, have greatly increased understanding of tiger phylogeography. However, regardless of advances in analytical methodology, researchers will continue to need access to specimens for morphological measurements and sampling for genetic analysis. The tiger has become increasingly endangered, and out of the nine putative tiger subspecies, three (Javan, Balinese, and Caspian) have become extinct in the last 100 years, leaving the specimens kept in natural history collections as the only materials available for research. Frustratingly little information is widely available concerning the specimens of these extinct tiger subspecies. We conducted an extensive search for specimens of extinct tiger subspecies, and also developed a simple on-site method to assign unprovenanced and probable Indonesian specimens to either Javan/Balinese or Sumatran subspecies. We located a total of 88 Javan, 11 Balinese, and 46 Caspian tigers, including seven new Javan tigers, and three Balinese tigers that were not widely known previously. These specimens are critical for research in order to understand the intraspecific phylogeny and evolutionary history of the tiger.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Zintzen, Vincent, et al.
(author)
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Review and phylogeny of the New Zealand hagfishes (Myxiniformes: Myxinidae), with a description of three new species
- 2015
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In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 174:2, s. 363-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hagfishes from New Zealand are reviewed and a phylogeny proposed using morphological and genetic data (DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, COI, and the small subunit RNA, 16S). Eptatretus cryptus sp. nov. was previously confused with Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) because of their similar morphology, and is found from the Three Kings Islands to Stewart Island and in the eastern part of the Chatham Rise (at depths of 96–922 m). Eptatretus poicilus sp. nov. is endemic to the Three Kings Islands, where it is common and associated with soft sediment and deep-sea coral-sponge habitats (114–842 m). Neomyxine caesiovitta sp. nov. is a slender hagfish found along the east coast of the North Island south to the Chatham Rise (430–1083 m). A neotype is erected for E. cirrhatus (type locality: Breaksea Sound, Fiordland), occurring widely in New Zealand coastal, shelf, and slope waters (1–922 m), but not at the Three Kings Islands. Eptatetrus goliath Mincarone & Stewart, 2006, Neomyxine biniplicata (Richardson & Jowett, 1951), and Nemamyxine elongata Richardson, 1958 are further described using additional material. Rubicundus eos (Fernholm, 1991) is still only known from the holotype (type locality: Challenger Plateau). Genetic results showed that the New Zealand Eptatretus species form a monophyletic group within the subfamily Eptatretinae, indicating likely speciation from a single common ancestor within the area. Eptatretus poicilus sp. nov. is the sister species of E. cirrhatus, and E. cryptus sp. nov. is closely associated with the clade formed by these two species. Eptatretus goliath is most closely associated with Eptatretus minor Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981 (Gulf of Mexico), these two species basally diverging within New Zealand hagfishes. The endemic genus Neomyxine forms a well-supported monophyletic group of as yet uncertain position within the phylogenetic tree. A key to the New Zealand hagfishes, fresh colour photographs, distribution maps, and in situ video recordings are presented
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