| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 4. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(author)
-
- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Chesbrough, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Open innovation and public policy in Europe
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Industrial innovation processes are becoming more open. The large, vertically integrated R&D laboratory systems of the 20th century are giving way to more vertically disintegrated networks of innovation that connect numerous companies into ecosystems. Since innovation policy ultimately rests on the activities and initiatives of the private sector, it is vital that policy follows this evolution.Previous innovation policies relied on large companies to act as the engines of innovation in the EU. While large companies remain quite relevant to innovation within the EU, they themselves report that their processes involve many more SMEs and other contributors outside their own walls. Therefore, innovation policy must also move outside the walls of these large companies and consider the roles of human capital, competition policy, financing, intellectual property, and public data in promoting an environment of open innovation.In this report, we combine new research and analysis on open innovation with focused interviews of major participants in the European innovation system. The result is a series of recommendations for public policies that could, if implemented, improve the climate for open innovation to take place in the European Union – and thereby improve the competitiveness of the European economy overall. Taken together, these recommendations comprise an informal ‘charter’ for EU open innovation policy. The authors would like to thank Esther Van Zimmeren of the Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (CIR) of the Catholic University of Leuven for her explanation of various aspects of the European patenting system and the role of patent pools and IP clearing houses.This report was commissioned by ESADE Business School in Barcelona and the Science|Business Innovation Board AISBL. The Board is a Belgian not-for-profit scientific association that commissions original policy research, engages with policymakers and the press, and works generally to improve the climate for innovation in Europe. Its three co-founders are Science|Business, ESADE and INSEAD, with participation and support from Microsoft, BP, SKF and Imperial College London. In addition, Pfizer contributed support for this particular study. Further information is at www.sciencebusiness.net. The Board is grateful to Máire GeogheganQuinn, EU Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, for her encouragement and comments on this research.
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| 9. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 10. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 11. |
- Dąbrowska, Justyna, et al.
(author)
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Waking the sleeping beauty : Swarovski’s open innovation journey
- 2019
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In: R&D Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0033-6807 .- 1467-9310. ; 49:5, s. 775-788
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Even in today’s turbulent business environment, there are companies in many industries that have enjoyed decades of relatively undisturbed success. However, eventually, after such prolonged periods of calm, existing market positions are challenged. We describe such companies as ‘Sleeping Beauties’ and discuss how they can reinvent themselves through opening up of their boundaries and moving from compartmentalized exploitation and exploration efforts to a more dynamic ambidexterity model. We analyse Swarovski’s open innovation journey in this regard, instigated as a response to recent changes in its business environment. Our analysis of this process offers useful insights for companies struggling with similar problems.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Du, Jingshu, et al.
(author)
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When research meets development : antecedents and implications of transfer speed
- 2014
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In: The Journal of product innovation management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0737-6782 .- 1540-5885. ; 31:6, s. 1181-1198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on the organization of new product development in large, R&D-intensive firms. In these firms, research and development activities are often separated. Research is conducted in dedicated research projects at specialized research labs. Once research results are achieved by research projects, they are transferred to business units for further development and commercialization. We investigate the speed whereby research projects transfer their first research results to business units (hereafter: transfer speed). In particular, we analyze the antecedents and performance implications of transfer speed. Based on data of 503 research projects from a European R&D intensive manufacturing firm, our results suggest that a fast transfer speed (as measured by the time it takes for a research project to develop and transfer its first research result to business units) is associated with a better research performance (as measured by the total number of transfers the research project generates). Moreover, we find that different types of external R&D partners—science-based and market-based partners—play distinct roles in speeding up project first research transfers. While market-based partnerships (i.e., customers and suppliers) generally contribute to a faster transfer of first research results, science-based partnerships (i.e., universities and research institutions) only speed up first research transfers of technologically very complex projects. Our results also show that early patent filings by research projects accelerate first research transfers.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gomes, Leonardo Augusto de Vasconcelos, et al.
(author)
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Playing chess or playing poker? : Assessment of uncertainty propagation in open innovation projects
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 39:2, s. 154-169
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consider an interorganizational open innovation project, in which different organizations cooperate to generate value for clients or to solve a technological problem. In this setting, both the focal firm and the partners face uncertainties over time (e.g., technological uncertainties, market uncertainties) and, therefore, the performance of the focal firm and the overall interorganizational project depend on that firm's ability to assess potential uncertainties. The process of diffusion of a particular uncertainty throughout an inter-organizational project can be defined as uncertainty propagation. Assessment of uncertainty propagation can be employed to mitigate its detrimental impact. This paper connects previous studies of open innovation, uncertainty management and project management by providing a comprehensive, but structured, framework to assess uncertainty propagation. First, we propose the underlying causes of uncertainty propagation. Then, we present the three different approaches to its assessment, based on causes, effects and protection.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Connecting the Mediterranean system of innovation : a functional perspective
- 2011
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In: EuroMed Journal of Business. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1450-2194 .- 1758-888X. ; 6:1, s. 46-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a first exploratory overview of the Mediterraneansystemof innovation and present the results of interactiveworkwith 25 innovation delegates fromnorthernand southernMediterranean countries.The studycomes at awatershed for theUnion for theMediterranean,which is drawing up innovation policies for the future and debating ways of boosting core activities.Design/methodology/approach – This research benefits from the established literature oninnovation systems (IS) to study how Mediterranean countries are enhancing their innovationcapabilities. In collaboration with the European Institute of the Mediterranean, this research inviteddelegates from northern and southern Mediterranean countries, programme directors andrepresentatives from the European Commission to discuss national and regional innovation activitiesin their own countries.Findings – The data shed light on how activities conducted by public and private organisationsinfluence the IS functions, revealing shifting services and business models. Finally, the data highlightedthe need to draw up an innovation strategy to boost R&D capabilities.Originality/value – The value of this research lies in the application of the well-established IS approach to the Mediterranean case and a description of existing enabling and blocking mechanisms.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Digital transformation of the automotive industry : an integrating framework to analyse technological novelty and breadth
- 2023
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In: Industry and Innovation. - : Routledge. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 30:1, s. 67-102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research demonstrates that digital technologies stimulate industrial transformation by enabling new interdependencies with firms outside and across firm and industry boundaries. However, we know little about the degree of novelty and breadth of digital technologies that have the potential to transform industries. Understanding the degree of novelty (spanning from radical to incremental) and breadth (spanning from one sector to multiple sectors) of digital technologies is important for measuring their impact on industrial transformation. Through a topic modelling research approach on autonomous vehicle technology patents from firms operating in Sweden and a confirmatory survey with the inventors of those patents, this paper reveals 26 digital technology topics that are transforming the automotive industry. The digital technology topics are distributed across four ideal-typical technology categories for transformation: augmenting, spanning, transforming, and disrupting. This study illustrates the value of studying digital technologies’ transformative nature using an integrating framework; it reveals that digital technologies in the automotive industry have mainly incremental characteristics but that these characteristics provide necessary preconditions for the few more radical technologies to achieve their potential in transforming the industry.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
-
How do digital capabilities change institutionalised professionalpractices? A response from Swedish media companies
- 2019
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For over two centuries, technology has reshaped professional work. In most cases, these changes were positive as they have created new areas of work for professions and destroyed relatively few. Recently, however, technological change i.e. digitalization has also negatively impacted professionals with numerous professions, such as journalist, doctors, accountants. While research has extensively focused on digital technologies, per se, research has ignored its effect on the agents implementing technologies i.e. professionals. We suggest that organizing digitalization involves not only recombining physical and digital technologies but also reconstructing institutional professions. We use a comparative case study of two of the oldest Swedish newspaper companies to present: 1) two paths to build digital capabilities i.e. building digital capabilities or acquiring digital capabilities and 2) detail a change in the professional practices. Our results portray how digitalization changed professionals from doing occupational tasks to build collaborative relations with other professions.
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| 25. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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How to implement open innovation in practice? : A case study of a cultural transition
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditional firms that used to rely on high quality, internal R&D, and slow development cycles are facing major demands in the increasingly dynamic and open markets. They are facing both strategic transformation from closed to open innovation, which brings along cultural and behavioral challenges. This study examines an in-depth case study of European B2C firm, which unravels the open innovation transition journey focusing on two key dimensions - ecosystem strategy and ambidextrous organizing. We find that the case company has undergone the transition in three particular phases, with implications to the organizational boundaries (ecosystem strategy) as well as how they deal with contradictory exploitation and exploration tensions (ambidextrous organizing).
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Open innovation in emerging markets and new capabilities generation
- 2018
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In: SPIM Innovation Symposium. - Manchester : The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovation in emerging markets used to be a long catch-up process that requires investments in internal R&D. Now, this process involves aligning external and internal actors with company's innovation strategy and capabilities. This study illustrates how a Brazilian multinational - Natura Cosmetics - progresses from traditional strategy formulation to open strategy and open innovation processes when increasing the involvement of external actors. In different phases of open innovation and strategy the company acquired new capabilities to implement several models of collaboration besides the innovation ecosystem engagement as the partnerships became more important to the company and its innovation strategy. The results also showed that companies in emerging markets have different open innovation challenges than companies in emerged markets and these particularities in many cases are related to need and opportunity of new innovation capabilities.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Subsidiary Strategies of MNCs in emerging economies : The case of Brazil
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An increasing number of multinational corporations have established foreign R&D units in developed economies to internationalize their R&D activities. Recently, however, MNCs have decided to establish R&D subsidiaries in the socalled BRICS countries but their use and benefits has not been fully explored,particularly for R&D units located in Brazil. Since limited research investigated the subsidiary roles, innovation activities and contribution to MNCs, this phenomenon needs to be studied from a value chain perspective. Thus, the specific purpose of this manuscript is to explore patterns in how Swedish MNCs use subsidiaries in Brazil to initiate and establish their R&D activities. This manuscript addresses these issues by exploring how a group of Swedish MNCs:a) initiated R&D activities in Brazil; b) developed both internal R&D as well as open innovation practices and c) transferred back new technologies to corporate headquarters in Sweden. Our findings reveal MNCs employ different subsidiary roles from minimal R&D activities to globally integrated R&D units. Within this spectrum subsidiaries employ different R&D strategies to connect with local scientific– and market partners and contribute back differently to MNCs’ global R&D activities.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Tapping into emerging markets : EMNEs strategies for innovation capability building
- 2022
-
In: Global Strategy Journal. - : Wiley. - 2042-5791 .- 2042-5805. ; 12:2, s. 394-417
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research Summary This article explores EMNEs innovation capability building in emerging markets. The paper provides a longitudinal account of how the Brazilian cosmetics firm Natura transitioned from scant to ample innovation resources and processes. Building on the institution-based view and the resource-based view, we explain how EMNEs innovation capability building is anchored in open innovation and collaborative nonmarket strategies. The paper reveals a unique pattern of innovation capability building based on a combination of local and global open innovation processes and harnessing the country characteristics over time. It is shown how combining open innovation and collaborative nonmarket strategies can help mitigate weak formal and informal institutions in emerging markets. The study offers an integrated framework explaining innovation capability building and the effects on the institutional setting. Managerial Summary The increase of well-known EMNEs has raised interest in understanding how these firms build sustainable innovation capabilities. Based on a longitudinal study of the Brazilian-based cosmetics firm Natura, this paper shows how an open innovation strategy can be used to tap into home-market natural resources and connect to the global setting. This innovation capability process involves traditional market-based strategies like inter-organizational collaborations but also nonmarket strategies, such as developing local relationships, supporting socio-biodiversity, and contributing to local society. The findings point at the importance of developing an overall innovation strategy, directing attention to innovation processes, engaging in recursive practice in innovation projects, responding to the market and nonmarket environments, and linking the emerging market institutional setting and the global market context.
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| 34. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Technology strategy and MNE subsidiary upgrading in emerging markets
- 2021
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In: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 167
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates technology strategy in subsidiaries of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in emerging markets and suggests implications for subsidiary upgrading in Global Value Chains (GVCs). Technology strategy is delineated by the MNE subsidiary's manufacturing orientation (local or global) and knowledge transfer type (uni-directional or multi-directional). Drawing upon a multiple case study of seven of the largest Brazilian subsidiaries of Swedish MNEs, the study identifies four different MNE technology strategy types: 1) technical; 2) improvement; 3) development; and 4) creation. The findings suggest that technology strategy influences subsidiary upgrading through development of operational and dynamic capabilities.
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| 35. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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The cogs and wheels of open innovation : the role of mechanisms in the capability lifecycle
- 2016
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovation in emerging markets was once a long catch-up process requiring investment in internal R&D. Now, this process involves aligning external and internal actors with the company’s innovation strategy and capabilities. This study illustrates how a Brazilian multinational – Natura Cosmetics – progressed from the traditional strategy formulation and closed innovation processes to an open strategy and open innovation processes by increasing the involvement of external actors.
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| 36. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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The role of Brazilian subsidiary R&D in Swedish MNEs : towards tropicalized innovations?
- 2014
-
In: Management of innovation and technology. - Göteborg : Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology (IMIT). - 2001-208X. ; :3, s. 6-8
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Emerging economies has received much interest lately, and perhaps most the so-called BRICS (Brazil, Russia; India, China, South Africa) markets due to their sheer size and economic growth. However, the importance of these markets have been further highlighted in technology-related phenomena such as frugal innovations at the bottom of the pyramid and reverse innovation patterns where products and services invented in emerging markets are diffusing around the globe.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Value creation in mid-range emerging economies : Exploring SMEs strategies
- 2014
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In: 2014 Annual Conference Proceedings.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emerging markets represent the new source of economic development. Yet, most innovation management research has centered only on newly developed economies such as Brazil, Chile. This manuscript focuses on exploring innovation activities on mid-range emerging markets i.e. Ecuador, Colombia. These types of markets are particularly relevant as have quickly moved from traditional emerging economies but are not considered yet newly developed economies. This paper focuses on the value creation activities at SMEs in the Ecuadorian market. Ecuador is categorized as a mid-range emerging economy as it has a high institutional development but a low infrastructure and market development. The findings of our paper reveal SMEs in mid-range emerging economies design strategies to create value for customers from emerged markets, use alliances to access the necessary material e.g. natural resources, products. Our study contributed to the growing literature on emerging markets and disentangles various strategies use by SMEs to succeed in developed economies.
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| 40. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Where and how to search? Search paths in open innovation
- 2016
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 45:1, s. 125-136
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Search for external knowledge is vital for firms' innovative activities. To understand search, we propose two knowledge search dimensions: search space (local or distant) and search heuristics (experiential or cognitive). Combining these two dimensions, we distinguish four search paths - situated paths, analogical paths, sophisticated paths, and scientific paths - which respond to recent calls to move beyond "where to search" and to investigate the connection with "how to search." Also, we highlight how the mechanisms of problem framing and boundary spanning operate within each search path to identify solutions to technology problems. We report on a study of 18 open innovation projects that used an innovation intermediary, and outline the characteristics of each search path. Exploration of these search paths enriches previous studies of search in open innovation by providing a comprehensive, but structured, framework that explains search, its underlying mechanisms, and potential outcomes.
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| 41. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Why don’t endowments of unique natural resources lead to innovation? Aligning strategy, processes, and resources to build innovation capabilitie
- 2019
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on a single longitudinal case study of the largest Brazilian cosmetic company, Natura Cosmetics, from 2001 to 2018, we show how Natura integrated open strategy and open innovation as an intertwined and evolutionary process, making changes to this process in several phases. The findings highlight how participative forms of strategy formulation (i.e., open strategy) and collaborative innovation (i.e., open innovation) help to build innovation capabilities for EMNEs. The findings also point to the dynamic and temporal character of capability building and suggest that EMNEs implement open strategy and open innovation in emerging markets in several phases through the continuous interaction and re-adjustment of innovation plans, innovation goals, and open innovation processes. The article presents how Natura initially implemented open innovation to address specific technology problems (initiation and formation phases) to generate opportunities for the Brazilian ecosystem (establishment and consolidation phases).
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| 42. |
- Lopez-Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Why don't endowments of unique natural ressoruces lead to innovation? Aligning strategy, processes and resources to build innovation capabilities
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Although natural resources, such as forests, ores, and agriculture crops, are essential for emerging market firms to build innovation capabilities that contribute to their global competitive advantage, existing innovation research has mainly built on studies of emerging market firms in manufacturing-intensive industries. As the conditions in these two contexts are very different, this article explores how emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) operating in natural resource–intensive industries build their innovation capabilities. Based on a single longitudinal case study of the largest Brazilian cosmetic company, Natura Cosmetics, from 2001 to 2018, we show how Natura integrated open strategy and open innovation as an intertwined and evolutionary process, making changes to this process in several phases. The findings highlight how participative forms of strategy formulation (i.e., open strategy) and collaborative innovation (i.e., open innovation) help to build unique innovation capabilities for EMNEs. The findings also point to the dynamic and temporal character of capability building and suggest that EMNEs implement open strategy and open innovation in emerging markets in several phases through the continuous interaction and re-adjustment of innovation plans, innovation goals, and open innovation processes. The article presents how Natura initially implemented open innovation to address specific technology problems (initiation and formation phases) to generate opportunities for the Brazilian national ecosystem (establishment and consolidation phases).
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lopez Vega, Henry, et al.
(author)
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Öppen innovation på tillväxtmarknader
- 2016
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In: Öppen innovation. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144112428 ; , s. 55-74
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 45. |
- Markowska, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Entrepreneurial storying : Winepreneurs as crafters of regional identity stories
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - : Sage Publications. - 1465-7503 .- 2043-6882. ; 19:4, s. 282-297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context and entrepreneurship are intertwined. In some contexts, the ability to craft a compelling regional identity story may become crucial for enacting entrepreneurial action. Building on an in-depth case study of the recent revival of a Spanish wine region, we analyze the interaction between regional context (i.e. regional identity) and entrepreneurial behavior. We find that to facilitate the creation of conducive conditions for entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurs craft regional identity stories. We show that stories both reflect and possess agency and propose that storying is a process of constructing new identity stories. Specifically, we identify three different types of narratives and observe that the local winepreneurs actively engage in storying—that is, contextualizing the story to their needs.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Markowska, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Wine makers as cultural entrepreneurs : The tensions in crafting collective identity stories
- 2013
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In: Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings 2013. - : Academy of Management.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ability to craft a compelling collective identity story is central for value creation and appropriation in developing regions. In this process entrepreneurs often experience tensions between their individual and cultural values. Yet, extant literature has not scrutinized the impact of these tensions on entrepreneurial value creation. Building on an in-depth case study of five pioneers who drove the revival of a Spanish wine region, we propose a model that identifies the triggers to emergence of collective identity story and the tensions experienced in this process. We then discuss how the triggers influence the content of the story. Specifically, we suggest that early on entrepreneurs are likely to suppress their own individual values to create feeling of belonging and legitimacy, but with time their individual values begin to shape the content of the story by shifting emphasis to distinctiveness and their entrepreneurial agency.
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| 48. |
- Melander, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Impact of technological uncertainty in supplier selection for NPD collaborations : Literature review and a case study
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning (IJTIP). - : InderScience Publishers. - 1740-2832 .- 1740-2840. ; 9:4, s. 323-339
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper combines a literature review and a case study of supplier selection for new product development (NPD) collaboration to illustrate the impact of technological uncertainty and how firms cope with it. In the review, 21 relevant papers were found after an extensive search. The case study is based on an NPD project to select suppliers for a cable for high voltage transmissions, transporting energy from wind farms at sea to stations located on land. The literature review reveals that supplier selection for NPD under technological uncertainty is indeed problematic. It is not clear from the literature review how firms should select suppliers. Some studies point towards the importance of prior collaborations while others suggest that firms should search for new suppliers and broaden their network. There are a number of aspects that our literature review does not tell us, and consequently we provide suggestions for future research.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Podmetina, Daria, et al.
(author)
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Industrial needs for open innovation education
- 2016
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In: Innovation education reloaded: nurturing skills for the future. - Lappeenranta : Lappeenranta University of Technology. - 9789523350328 - 9789523350335 ; , s. 44-62
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first step in the OI-Net project was to collect information on the industrial needs for open innovation education. For this purpose, the first European Survey on Identification of Industrial Needs for Open Innovation Education was developed and launched. The OI-Net project partners collected over 500 responses from European companies (large, SMEs, and micro firms). This study responds to the challenge of creating a European-wide open innovation policy (Chesbrough, Vanhaverbeke, Lopez-Vega & Bakici, 2011) that attracts qualified and experienced researchers to boost R&D, entrepreneurship and links between industry and society in Europe.This chapter provides a summary of the key findings derived from the survey, including such indicators as the variety and intensity of open innovation practices adopted by companies, their experience and future ambitions in open innovation adoption, and the key organizational competences defining the open innovation capability of a firm. In addition to analyzing organizational capabilities and open innovation adoption practices on the company level, employees’ individual skills associated with open innovation implementation were studied. This resulted in one of the core findings of the project - the Open Innovation Specialist Competences Profile consisting of the most important skills and abilities that specialists in open innovation should possess. These findings bring new knowledge to companies’ HR and innovation management; to their hiring policy, to employees’ training and education practices, and at the same time, provide Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with a competence framework, based on which open innovation education can be planned. Thus, the impact of this chapter includes: 1) enhancing academic research, 2) providing new instruments for academic teaching, and 3) guiding companies in the relevant skills for open and collaborative innovation.
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