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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(author)
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On Different Kinds of Contrast
- 2006
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In: Architecture of Focus (Studies in Generative Grammar ; 82). - 9783110185782 ; , s. 197-233
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(author)
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Stylistic fronting at the interface of syntax and discourse
- 2019
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In: Architecture of Topic. - : De Gruyter. - 0167-4331. - 9781501512612 - 9781501524967 - 9781501504488 ; 136, s. 373-424
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a novel analysis of the discourse properties of the phenomenon called "Stylistic Fronting" (SF). The widely held view according to which Stylistic Fronting has no discourse-semantic effects in Icelandic, but is related to topic or focus interpretation in Romance, is challenged. It is argued that SF is not simply triggered by formal features but has relevance for information structure (IS) in both Romance and Scandinavian. The impact of SF on discourse interpretation is, however, dependent on the type of syntactic derivation. In Icelandic, the "stylistic" movement can be either a locally (and information-structurally) restricted "formal movement" (STYL-inversion) into the subject gap without changing the IS-properties of the moved constituent or a "true" discourse-triggered movement (STYL-preposing) with an obligatory contrastive effect. Since SF also seems to vary with respect to syntactic properties and discourse interpretation in Romance, the triggers and interpretive properties of SF in Scandinavian seem not to be as different from those in Romance as generally suggested in the literature.
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| 8. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 10. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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Approaches to Hungarian 13: papers from the 2011 Lund Conference
- 2013
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This volume brings together ten papers presented at the 10th International Conference on the Structure of Hungarian (Lund, 2011). The papers cover a broad field of issues in Hungarian relating to phonetics, phonology, semantics, syntax and pragmatics, such as vowel harmony, particle verb constructions, impersonal use of personal pronouns, the diachronic development of comparative subclauses, pseudoclefts and wh-interrogatives. While the majority of the papers focus on Hungarian, four articles discuss questions relating to other languages. One article compares clausal coordinate ellipsis in Hungarian, Estonian, Dutch and German, another addresses the question how the information structural notions discourse new, Focus and Given relate to each other. Two articles focus on Finnish, discussing DP-extraction and participal constructions, respectively. The broad range of phenomena covered in this volume makes it relevant not just to scholars working on Hungarian, but to a general audience of generative linguists.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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Architecture of topic
- 2019
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This volume contains innovative papers that target the linguistic status of topic at the interface between grammar and discourse. The purpose of the volume is to discuss the universal properties of topics and, at the same time, to document the range of discourse-semantic and grammatical variation within this phenomenon in European languages. The volume is structured accordingly: (i) theoretical foundations of topicality in grammar and discourse; (ii) discourse-semantic correlates of topicality; (iii) variation in the grammatical (external and internal) encoding of topicality; (iv) topics from the diachronic perspective. The articles take different perspectives, including contrastive studies of modern languages, studies on diachronic development, and typological generalizations. They also take into consideration various types of empirical data - introspective data, semi-spontaneously produced data, experimental data and language corpora. The articles in this volume show that the concept of topic is necessary for the description and explanation of a number of discourse-semantic phenomena. They present a state of the art account of the architecture of topic while making recent research on the phenomenon accessible to a wider readership.
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| 16. |
- Bel-Serrat, Silvia, et al.
(author)
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Relative validity of the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire- food frequency section among young European children : the IDEFICS Study
- 2014
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 17:2, s. 266-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To compare, specifically by age group, proxy-reported food group estimates obtained from the food frequency section of the Children's Eating Habits questionnaire (CEHQ-FFQ) against the estimates of two non-consecutive 24h dietary recalls (24-HDR). Design: Estimates of food group intakes assessed via the forty-three-food-group CEHQ-FFQ were compared with those obtained by a computerized 24-HDR. Agreement on frequencies of intakes (equal to the number of portions per recall period) between the two instruments was examined using crude and de-attenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients, cross-classification analyses, weighted kappa statistics (kappa(w)) and Bland-Altman analysis. Setting: Kindergartens/schools from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) Study cross-sectional survey (2007-2008). Subjects: Children aged 2-9 years (n 2508, 50.4% boys). Results: The CEHQ-FFQ provided higher intake estimates for most of the food groups than the 24-HDR. De-attenuated Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.01 (sweetened fruit) to 0.48 (sweetened milk) in children aged 2-<6 years (mean = 0.25) and from 0.01 (milled cereal) to 0.44 (water) in children aged 6-9 years (mean = 0.23). An average of 32 % and 31 % of food group intakes were assigned to the same quartile in younger and older children, respectively, and classification into extreme opposite quartiles was <= 12 % for all food groups in both age groups. Mean kappa(w) was 0.20 for 2-<6-year-olds and 0.17 for 6-9-year-olds. Conclusions: The strength of association estimates assessed by the CEHQ-FFQ and the 24-HDR varied by food group and by age group. Observed level of agreement and CEHQ-FFQ ability to rank children according to intakes of food groups were considered to be low.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Börnhorst, Claudia, et al.
(author)
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Diet-obesity associations in children : approaches to counteract attenuation caused by misreporting
- 2013
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 16:2, s. 256-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Measurement errors in dietary data lead to attenuated estimates of associations between dietary exposures and health outcomes. The present study aimed to compare and evaluate different approaches of handling implausible reports by exemplary analysis of the association between dietary intakes (total energy, soft drinks, fruits/vegetables) and overweight/obesity in children. Design: Cross-sectional multicentre study. Setting: Kindergartens/schools from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS Study. Subjects: Children (n 5357) aged 2-9 years who provided one 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information. Results: The 24 h recalls were classified into three reporting groups according to adapted Goldberg cut-offs: under-report, plausible report or over-report. In the basic logistic multilevel model (adjusted for age and sex, including study centre as random effect), the dietary exposures showed no significant association with overweight/obesity (energy intake: OR=0.996 (95% CI 0.983, 1.010); soft drinks: OR=0.999 (95% CI 0.986, 1.013)) and revealed even a positive association for fruits/vegetables (OR=1.009 (95% CI 1.001, 1.018)). When adding the reporting group (dummy variables) and a propensity score for misreporting as adjustment terms, associations became significant for energy intake as well as soft drinks (energy: OR=1.074 (95% CI 1.053, 1.096); soft drinks: OR=1.015 (95% CI 1.000, 1.031)) and the association between fruits/vegetables and overweight/obesity pointed to the reverse direction compared with the basic model (OR=0.993 (95% CI 0.984, 1.002)). Conclusions: Associations between dietary exposures and health outcomes are strongly affected or even masked by measurement errors. In the present analysis consideration of the reporting group and inclusion of a propensity score for misreporting turned out to be useful tools to counteract attenuation of effect estimates.
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| 19. |
- Dello Russo, Marika, et al.
(author)
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Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health Status of European Children, Adolescents, and Adults : Results from the I.Family Study
- 2023
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In: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 12:24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dietary diversity (DD) plays a crucial role in fostering high-quality diets, but its association with health outcomes, particularly body adiposity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is inconsistent. This may be due to a lack of a standardized method for estimating DD. Our study investigates the association between two DD indices, namely the dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS), and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and diet quality in a large population sample from the I.Family study across research centers in eight European countries. In our cross-sectional analysis of 3035 participants, DDSs varied among countries, with a higher prevalence in the third DDS tertile among those with higher education. DDS showed a positive association with diet quality across all age groups. Higher DDS tertile individuals showed increased fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, greater meal frequency, and lower ultra-processed food consumption. No relevant biochemical differences were observed across DDS tertiles, and a higher DDS was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence only in adults. No significant associations were found with FVS. Our findings emphasize the need to consider food groups for a more accurate estimation of diet quality. This aligns with studies suggesting DDS alone is not an independent risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents. Public health programs should prioritize food diversity to promote improved nutrition and overall well-being in communities.
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| 20. |
- Egerland, Verner, et al.
(author)
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Apropos the topic : On topic-introducing expressions in Swedish
- 2019
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In: Architecture of Topic. - : De Gruyter. - 0167-4331. - 9781501512612 - 9781501504488 ; 136, s. 273-292
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The inquiry into topicality calls for a deeper understanding of explicit "topic markers" such as apropos and concerning, which are found in many if not all the languages of Europe. From a syntactic perspective, phrases introduced by such expressions are not identifiable with any of the construction types that alter the information structure of the clause involving the left periphery. Thus, apropos and concerning do not introduce a syntactically topicalized element, nor a dislocated element, nor a hanging topic, given some commonly assumed criteria. Instead, it is argued here that phrases introduced by apropos and concerning represent a fourth such construction type. From the view point of information structure, apropos and concerning, and presumably similar topic-marking expressions, differ in the sense that they lexicalize pragmatic features such as aboutness and givenness in different ways. The argumentation is based on Swedish data and limited to two such expressions: Apropå 'apropos' and beträffande 'concerning'.
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| 21. |
- Elsayed, Hadil A. Ghazy, et al.
(author)
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Relationship between perception of emotional home atmosphere and fruit and vegetable consumption in European adolescents: Results from the I.Family survey
- 2020
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In: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 23:1, s. 53-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) among adolescents falls below recommendations in many Western countries. The impact of social and emotional aspects of family life on adolescent dietary behaviour may contribute to this, yet remains under-investigated. The present study examines the association between adolescents' perceptions of emotional home atmosphere (EHA) and their F&V consumption frequency.Design:An FFQ was used to assess F&V consumption frequency. EHA was assessed by an eight-item measure with three subscales: perceived home warmth, strictness and relational tension. EHA subscales were used as binary variables: a score equal to or above the median value was considered as a higher perception, while a score below the median was considered as a lower perception of the EHA in question. Country differences in meeting the European 5-a-day recommendations were described. Further, the association between EHA and F&V consumption frequency was investigated using multiple linear regression.Setting:Regional examination centres in eight European countries.Participants:Adolescents (n 3196) aged 12-18 years.Results:The mean F&V consumption frequency was 3·27 (sd 2·84) times/d. Only 16·1 % of boys and 18 % of girls in our study sample met the recommendation of five F&V daily. After controlling for age, sex, education level of the parents and country of origin, perceived home warmth was associated with a 16 (95 % CI 9, 22) % higher F&V consumption frequency (P < 0·001).Conclusions:F&V consumption frequency was suboptimal in the survey areas. Interventions targeting perceived warmth as a component of EHA could potentially have a positive effect on adolescents' dietary behaviour.
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| 22. |
- González-Gil, Esther M., et al.
(author)
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Improving cardiorespiratory fitness protects against inflammation in children : the IDEFICS study
- 2022
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In: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 91:3, s. 681-689
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (MF and CRF) have been related to inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fitness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children both in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven children (46.2% males) aged 2–9 years with hs-CRP measured, data from MF and CRF, diet quality, objectively measured physical activity (PA) and screen time at baseline and follow-up after 2 years were included. Body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed. MF and CRF were also dichotomized as follows: low-medium quartiles (Q1–Q3) and highest quartile (Q4). Results: At follow-up, children with the highest CRF (Q4) showed a lower probability of having high hs-CRP. In the longitudinal analysis, children who improved their CRF over time showed a significantly lower probability (p < 0.05) of being in the highest hs-CRP category at follow-up, independently of the body composition index considered: odds ratio (OR) = 0.22 for zBMI, OR = 0.17 for WC, and OR = 0.21 for FMI. Conclusions: Improving CRF during childhood reduces the odds of an inflammatory profile, independently of body composition and lifestyle behaviours. These highlight the importance of enhancing fitness, especially CRF, to avoid an inflammatory state in children. Impact: Improvements in the cardiorespiratory profile during childhood could reverse an unfavourable inflammatory status.There is a longitudinal and inverse association between CRF and inflammation in children.This is the first longitudinal study assessing the relationship between fitness and inflammation during childhood that takes also into account the lifestyle behaviours.Results from the present study suggest a protective role of fitness already in childhood.Efforts to improve fitness in children should be aimed at as inflammation could trigger future cardiovascular disease.
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| 23. |
- González-Gil, Esther María, et al.
(author)
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Prospective associations between dietary patterns and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in European children: the IDEFICS study.
- 2018
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In: European journal of nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6215 .- 1436-6207. ; 57:4, s. 1397-1407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This prospective study explores high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in relation to dietary patterns at two time points in European children.Out of the baseline sample of the IDEFICS study (n=16,228), 4020 children, aged 2-9 years at baseline, with available hs-CRP levels and valid data from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (T0) and 2 years later (T1) were included. K-means clustering algorithm based on the similarities between relative food consumption frequencies of the FFQ was applied. hs-CRP was dichotomized according to sex-specific cutoff points. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and hs-CRP adjusting for covariates.Three consistent dietary patterns were found at T0 and T1: 'animal protein and refined carbohydrate', 'sweet and processed' and 'healthy'. Children allocated to the 'protein' and 'sweet and processed' clusters at both time points had significantly higher odds of being in the highest category of hs-CRP (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.03-2.09 for 'animal protein and refined carbohydrate' and OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08-1.92 for 'sweet and processed') compared to the 'healthy' cluster. The odds remained significantly higher for the 'sweet and processed' pattern (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05-1.84) when covariates were included.A dietary pattern characterized by frequent consumption of sugar and processed products and infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits over time was independently related with inflammation in European children. Efforts to improve the quality of the diet in childhood may prevent future diseases related with chronic inflammation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hedling, Erik, et al.
(author)
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'Flicka i regnrock': Ingmar Bergman och Vietnam-rörelsen
- 2007
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In: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund. Årsbok 2007. - 0349-053X. ; , s. 23-43
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Study of the reception of Ingmar Bergman's film Shame (1968) and the ensuing debate about the relation of the film to the ongoing Vietnam war.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Iguacel, Isabel, et al.
(author)
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Associations between social vulnerabilities and dietary patterns in European children : the Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) study
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 116:7, s. 1288-1297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Socio-economic inequalities in childhood can determine dietary patterns, and therefore future health. This study aimed to explore associations between social vulnerabilities and dietary patterns assessed at two time points, and to investigate the association between accumulation of vulnerabilities and dietary patterns. A total of 9301 children aged 2-9 years participated at baseline and 2-year follow-up examinations of the Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS study. In all, three dietary patterns were identified at baseline and follow-up by applying the K-means clustering algorithm based on a higher frequency of consumption of snacks and fast food (processed), sweet foods and drinks (sweet), and fruits and vegetables (healthy). Vulnerable groups were defined at baseline as follows: children whose parents lacked a social network, children from single-parent families, children of migrant origin and children with unemployed parents. Multinomial mixed models were used to assess the associations between social vulnerabilities and children's dietary patterns at baseline and follow-up. Children whose parents lacked a social network (OR 1.31; 99% CI 1.01, 1.70) and migrants (OR 1.45; 99% CI 1.15, 1.83) were more likely to be in the processed cluster at baseline and follow-up. Children whose parents were homemakers (OR 0.74; 99% CI 0.60, 0.92) were less likely to be in the processed cluster at baseline. A higher number of vulnerabilities was associated with a higher probability of children being in the processed cluster (OR 1.78; 99% CI 1.21, 2.62). Therefore, special attention should be paid to children of vulnerable groups as they present unhealthier dietary patterns.
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| 29. |
- Intemann, Timm, et al.
(author)
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Urinary sucrose and fructose to validate self-reported sugar intake in children and adolescents : results from the I.Family study
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 58:3, s. 1247-1258
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Excessive consumption of free sugar increases the risk for non-communicable diseases where a proper assessment of this intake is necessary to correctly estimate its association with certain diseases. Urinary sugars have been suggested as objective biomarkers for total and free sugar intake in adults but less is known about this marker in children and adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate the relative validity of self-reported intake using urinary sugars in children and adolescents.METHODS: The study was conducted in a convenience subsample of 228 participants aged 5-18 years of the I.Family study that investigates the determinants of food choices, lifestyle and health in European families. Total, free and intrinsic sugar intake (g/day) and sugar density (g/1000 kcal) were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls (24HDRs). Urinary sucrose (USUC) and urinary fructose (UFRU) were measured in morning urine samples and corrected for creatinine excretion (USUC/Cr, UFRU/Cr). Correlation coefficients, the method of triads and linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between intake of different types of sugar and urinary sugars.RESULTS: The correlation between usual sugar density calculated from multiple 24HDRs and the sum of USUC/Cr and UFRU/Cr (USUC/Cr + UFRU/Cr) was 0.38 (p < 0.001). The method of triads revealed validity coefficients for the 24HDR from 0.64 to 0.87. Linear regression models showed statistically significant positive associations between USUC/Cr + UFRU/Cr and the intake of total and free sugar.CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the relative validity of total and free sugar intake assessed by self-reported 24HDRs in children and adolescents.
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| 30. |
- Jarlert, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Lars Österlin
- 2008
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In: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund. Årsbok 2008. - 0349-053X. - 9789197486361 ; , s. 95-98
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Obituary of Professor Lars Österlin (1923-2006)
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| 31. |
- Jilani, Hannah, et al.
(author)
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Correlates of bitter, sweet, salty and umami taste sensitivity in European children: Role of sex, age and weight status - The IDEFICS study
- 2022
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In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 175
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We aimed to describe differences in taste sensitivity in children according to age across 7- to 11-year-old children from eight European countries. We further compared taste sensitivity between boys vs. girls and under-/normal weight vs. overweight/obese children. Within the European multicentre IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study, 1938 school children participated in sweet, bitter, salty and umami detection threshold tests between 2007 and 2010, using the paired comparison staircase method. The lowest concentration at which the child was able to detect a difference to water was determined as taste detection threshold as a proxy of taste sensitivity. Mean taste thresholds were calculated stratified for sex, age groups, weight groups and country. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight; socio-demographic information was collected using questionnaires. Ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the association between sex, weight status (as categorical exposure variable) and age (as continuous exposure variable) and the taste sensitivity for the four taste modalities (as outcome), separately. Older children were more taste sensitive for sweet and salty and less taste sensitive for umami and bitter than younger children. Girls were more sensitive to sweet taste than boys. Overweight or obese children were less sensitive to sweet and salty taste compared to normal weight children This was the first study comparing taste sensitivity by measuring taste thresholds in children across different European countries. We conclude that taste thresholds are associated with weight status, children become more sensitive to sweet and salty tastes with increasing age, and girls might be more sensitive to sweet than boys.
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| 32. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 33. |
- Kolosova, Valeria, et al.
(author)
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The bear in Eurasian plant names : motivations and models
- 2017
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In: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1746-4269. ; 13
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethnolinguistic studies are important for understanding an ethnic group's ideas on the world, expressed in its language. Comparing corresponding aspects of such knowledge might help clarify problems of origin for certain concepts and words, e.g. whether they form common heritage, have an independent origin, are borrowings, or calques. The current study was conducted on the material in Slavonic, Baltic, Germanic, Romance, Finno-Ugrian, Turkic and Albanian languages. The bear was chosen as being a large, dangerous animal, important in traditional culture, whose name is widely reflected in folk plant names. The phytonyms for comparison were mostly obtained from dictionaries and other publications, and supplemented with data from databases, the co-authors' field data, and archival sources (dialect and folklore materials). More than 1200 phytonym use records (combinations of a local name and a meaning) for 364 plant and fungal taxa were recorded to help find out the reasoning behind bear-nomination in various languages, as well as differences and similarities between the patterns among them. Among the most common taxa with bear-related phytonyms were Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Heracieum sphondylium L., Acanthus mollis L., and Allium ursinum L., with Latin loan translation contributing a high proportion of the phytonyms. Some plants have many and various bear-related phytonyms, while others have only one or two bear names. Features like form and/or surface generated the richest pool of names, while such features as colour seemed to provoke rather few associations with bears. The unevenness of bear phytonyms in the chosen languages was not related to the size of the language nor the present occurence of the Brown Bear in the region. However, this may, at least to certain extent, be related to the amount of the historical ethnolinguistic research done on the selected languages.
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| 34. |
- Lagerroth, Erland, et al.
(author)
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Tillstånd eller process. Två sätt att förstå världen
- 2005
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In: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund. Årsbok 2005. - 0349-053X. - 9197486329 ; , s. 62-87
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Introduction and discussion of Stephen Wolfram's enormous book "A New Kind of Science" from 2002.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Lundin, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Kroppen värd att satsa på
- 2004
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In: Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund. Årsbok 2004. - 0349-053X. - 9197486310 ; , s. 28-37
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 39. |
- Manninen, Satu, et al.
(author)
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Resultative passives in Finnish
- 2013
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In: Approaches to Hungarian: Papers from the 2011 Lund Conference.
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, I argue that Finnish passive participle (e.g. avattu 'opened' and suljettu 'closed') can be multiply ambiguous: the "same" morphophonological forms exhibit different patterns of eventivity and agentivity, and are used to form "traditional" non-agreeing passives, agreeing resultative passives and agreeing sentences that describe "pure" states and behave in most contexts like "traditional" copula-adjective constructions. I show that in Finnish, Participle Phrases that look similar on the outside can be formed in different ways, and that these Participle Phrases are selected by different superordinate heads, to form either a non-agreeing passive, an agreing resultative, or a "pure" stative sentence.
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| 40. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Children's propensity to consume sugar and fat predicts regular alcohol consumption in adolescence.
- 2018
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In: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 21:17, s. 3202-3209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigated the association between sugar and fat intake in childhood in relation to alcohol use in adolescence. We hypothesized that early exposure to diets high in fat and sugar may affect ingestive behaviours later in life, including alcohol use.Design/Setting/SubjectsChildren from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were examined at ages 5-9 years and followed up at ages 11-16 years. FFQ were completed by parents on behalf of children, and later by adolescents themselves. Complete data were available in 2263 participants. Children's propensities to consume foods high in fat and sugar were calculated and dichotomized at median values. Adolescents' use of alcohol was classified as at least weekly v. less frequent use. Log-binomial regression linked sugar and fat consumption in childhood to risk of alcohol use in adolescence, adjusted for relevant covariates.Five per cent of adolescents reported weekly alcohol consumption. Children with high propensity to consume sugar and fat were at greater risk of later alcohol use, compared with children with low fat and low sugar propensity (relative risk=2·46; 95 % CI 1·47, 4·12), independent of age, sex and survey country. The association was not explained by parental income and education, strict parenting style or child's health-related quality of life and was only partly mediated by sustained consumption of sugar and fat into adolescence.Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar in childhood predicted regular use of alcohol in adolescence.
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| 41. |
- Mikkelsen, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Blood fatty acid composition in relation to allergy in children aged 2–9 years: results from the European IDEFICS study
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 71, s. 39-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/objectives: Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in allergy development, but the etiological role of n-6 and n-3 PUFA is still controversial. A European multicenter study of children (IDEFICS) provided the opportunity to explore the cross-sectional association between fatty acids (FA) and allergy. Subjects/methods: Blood FA levels were measured in 2600 children aged 2–9 years and were recorded as the percentage of weight of all FA detected. Logistic regression of allergy status on FA components was adjusted for age, sex, country, body mass index, family history of allergic disease, breast-feeding, and number of siblings. The results were given as odds ratios (OR) for current vs no allergy ever and an increase in FA by 1s.d. Results: Overall, higher proportions of n-6 PUFA were associated with higher odds of allergy (OR=1.21 (1.05, 1.40)). Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were associated with reduced risk for allergy (OR=0.75 (0.65, 0.87)), whereas saturated FA did not differ by allergy status. The strongest associations were observed in children <4 years old, with ORs of allergy given as 1.62 (1.15, 2.29) for n-3 PUFA and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) for MUFA. With regard to individual FA, these associations were independently observed for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9). Conclusions: Both PUFA subtypes were positively associated with allergy in an age-dependent manner, whereas MUFA was associated with less allergy. The observation of high proportions of n-3 PUFA in allergic children younger than 4 years might help to understand the nature of early onset of atopic disease.
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| 42. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(author)
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C
- 2003
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In: Grammatik i fokus : festskrift till Christer Platzack den 18 november 2003 = Grammar in focus : festschrift for Christer Platzack 18 November 2003. Vol. II. - 9163145715
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Molnár, Valéria
(author)
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Contrast - from a contrastive perspective
- 2002
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In: Information Structure in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. - 0921-5034. ; :39, s. 147-161
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main concern of the paper is to address some problems that arise when defining the concept of contrast and to clarify the relation between contrast and other concepts of information structure. As to the definition of the notion of contrast, we need to separate the semantic and pragmatic aspects of contrastiveness as well as identify different types within these two main categories. There is abundant cross-linguistic evidence for the hypothesis that certain types of contrast motivate a more fine-grained analysis of topicality and focusing. It will be argued, however, that contrastiveness not only is a relevant feature for the parametrization of topicality and focusing, but that contrast indeed represents an autonomous concept of information structuring.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(author)
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Edges and Gaps: Contrast at the Interfaces
- 2010
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In: Lingua. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-3841. ; 120:6, s. 1392-1415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedIn this paper we discuss the role of contrast in the theory of grammar and show that it is a complex concept cutting across focus and topic. We identify its main characteristics at the interface between syntax-phonology and pragmatics. Our main claim is that contrast is a complex information-structural notion that serves a double function: like focus, contrast is a highlighting device, and like topic, it has the function of discourse linking. This dual character of contrast has previously unrecognized consequences for its linguistic realization and its interaction with givenness. In opposition to unilateral approaches to focus (e.g. Rooth, 1992a) or givenness (e.g. Schwarzschild, 1999), we provide new empirical evidence that contrast marking by movement (topic or focus) to the edge of the domain, and gap formation by deleting the given material at PF are complementary processes. We refer to these interacting operations as the Edges and Gaps Hypothesis. The proposal, however, is challenged by the fact that the impact of contrast on linguistic structure differs cross-linguistically. The fine-grained comparison of three genetically and typologically related Germanic languages shows that the contrast-related differences are related to word-order and discourse-dependent specifications of edges and gaps.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Molnár, Valéria, et al.
(author)
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Informationsstruktur und Reliefgebung
- 2001
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In: Language Typology and Language Universals : an international handbook =Sprachtypologie und sprachliche Universalien : ein internationales Handbuch = La typologie des langues et les universaux linguistiques : manuel international (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, 99-0369106-8 ; 20:2). - 3110171546 ; 2:2, s. 617-633
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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