| 51. |
- Hansson, Josef, 1991, et al.
(author)
-
Bipolar electrochemical capacitors using double-sided carbon nanotubes on graphite electrodes
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 451
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemical capacitor (EC) is a key enabler for the miniaturized self-powered systems expected to become ubiquitous with the advent of the internet-of-things (IoT). Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on graphite holds promise as electrodes for compact and low-loss ECs. However, as with all ECs, the operating voltage is low, and miniaturization of higher voltage devices necessitates a bipolar design. In this paper, we demonstrate a bipolar EC using graphite/VACNTs electrodes fabricated using a joule heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setup. The constructed EC contains one layer of double-sided VACNTs on graphite as bipolar electrode. Compared to a series connection of two individual devices, the bipolar EC has 22% boost in volumetric energy density. More significant boost is envisaged for stacking more bipolar electrode layers. The energy enhancement is achieved without aggravating self-discharge (71.2% retention after 1 h), and at no sacrifice of cycling stability (96.7% over 50000 cycles) owing to uniform growth of VACNTs and thus eliminating cell imbalance problems.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Holm, Claes, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Flera nyanser av blått : Kriminalvårdare på behandlingsavdelningar - deras beskrivningar av yrkesroller, drogbehandling och de intagna
- 2014
-
In: Nordisk Tidskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. - Odense. - 0029-1528. ; 101:2, s. 183-204
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over tha past 10 years drug treatment programmes have been exstensivly developed in Swedish prisons. Thsi article highlights how prison officers working in treatment wings think and act in relation to their professional role, their relations to the prisoners and the organisation of drug treatment within the prison. Data consists of interviews and observations from three Swedish prisons in different security categories. The study examines the significance of secdurity categorie, overall prison-staff culture, treatment wing culture, inmate gender and the treatment role and officers work identity in the treatment wings. The ways in which prison officers think and act depends on how their professional roles are defined at the different prisons. Definitins differ in regard to views on addiction, preferences fo the ways in which treatment should be performed and organized and ideas about how ideal levels of staff-prisoner interaction are best accomplished within the treatment context.
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| 54. |
- Irestedt, Martin, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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A crowd-sourced genomic project to assess hybrid content in a rare avian vagrant (Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus (Pallas, 1770))
- 2023
-
In: Avian Research. - : Elsevier. - 2053-7166. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to correlate plumage variation with the amount of genomic hybrid content in hybrids between Azure Tits Cyanistes cyanus (Pallas, 1770) and European Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758), by re-sequencing the genomes of museum specimens of non-hybrids and presumed hybrids with varying plumages. The project was funded by crowdsourcing and initiated when two presumed Azure Tits, observed by hundreds of Swedish birdwatchers, were rejected as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations assumed to indicate hybrid contents from the European Blue Tit. The results confirm that hybrids with intermediate plumages, so called Pleske’s Tits, are first generation hybrids (F1 hybrids). Individuals, whose plumages are similar to Azure Tits, but assessed as hybrids based on minor plumage deviations, are all backcrosses but vary in their degree of hybrid content. However, some individuals morphologically recognized as pure Azure Tits expressed similar degrees of hybrid content. The results indicate that: (1) hybrid content may be widespread in Azure Tits in the western part of its habitat distribution; (2) plumage deviation in backcrosses is not linearly correlated with the genetic degree of hybrid origin; and (3) all Azure Tits observed in Europe outside its natural distribution may have some degree of hybrid origin. We therefore suggest that it is very difficult to phenotypically single out hybrids beyond first generation backcrosses. We argue that decreased sequencing costs and improved analytical tools open the doors for museomic crowd-sourced projects that may not address outstanding biological questions but have a major interest for lay citizens such as birdwatchers.
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| 55. |
- Irestedt, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Phylogenetic relationships of typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) and test of incongruence based on Bayes factors
- 2004
-
In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2148. ; 4:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) form a monophyletic and diverse family of suboscine passerines that inhabit neotropical forests. However, the phylogenetic relationships within this assemblage are poorly understood. Herein, we present a hypothesis of the generic relationships of this group based on Bayesian inference analyses of two nuclear introns and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The level of phylogenetic congruence between the individual genes has been investigated utilizing Bayes factors. We also explore how changes in the substitution models affected the observed incongruence between partitions of our data set.
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| 56. |
- Jergling, Alf G, et al.
(author)
-
Fogar i byggnaders ytterväggar
- 1988
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten är utformad som en handbok för hjälp vid dimensionering och utformning av fogar i byggnaders ytterväggar. Boken innehåller en grundläggande problembeskrivning, genomgång av påverkande faktorer, materiallära, dimensionerings- och utformningsanvisningar samt tillämpningsexempel på lämpliga fogutformningar.
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| 57. |
- Johnston, S. Claiborne, et al.
(author)
-
Ischemic Benefit and Hemorrhage Risk of Ticagrelor-Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
- 2021
-
In: Stroke. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 52:11, s. 3482-3489
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Purpose: In patients with acute mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, the THALES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke and Death) demonstrated that when added to aspirin, ticagrelor reduced stroke or death but increased risk of severe hemorrhage compared with placebo. The primary efficacy outcome of THALES included hemorrhagic stroke and death, events also counted in the primary safety outcome. We sought to disentangle risk and benefit, assess their relative impact, and attempt to identify subgroups with disproportionate risk or benefit. Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of patients with mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, patients were randomized within 24 hours after symptom onset to a 30-day regimen of either ticagrelor plus aspirin or matching placebo plus aspirin. For the present analyses, we defined the efficacy outcome, major ischemic events, as the composite of ischemic stroke or nonhemorrhagic death, and defined the safety outcome, major hemorrhage, as intracranial hemorrhage or hemorrhagic death. Net clinical impact was defined as the combination of these 2 end points. Results: In 11 016 patients (5523 ticagrelor-aspirin and 5493 aspirin), a major ischemic event occurred in 294 patients (5.3%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and in 359 patients (6.5%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk reduction 1.19% [95% CI, 0.31%-2.07%]). Major hemorrhage occurred in 22 patients (0.4%) in the ticagrelor-aspirin group and 6 patients (0.1%) in the aspirin group (absolute risk increase 0.29% [95% CI, 0.10%-0.48%]). Net clinical impact favored ticagrelor-aspirin (absolute risk reduction 0.97% [95% CI, 0.08%-1.87%]). Findings were similar when different thresholds for disability were applied and over a range of predefined subgroups. Conclusions: In patients with mild-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack, ischemic benefits of 30-day treatment with ticagrelor-aspirin outweigh risks of hemorrhage. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03354429.
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| 58. |
- Josefsson, Ann, 1958-, et al.
(author)
-
Temperament and character in women with postpartum depression
- 2007
-
In: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether women with postpartum depression differ in personality traits from healthy postpartum women, healthy controls from the normal Swedish population and non-postpartum women with major depression. Methods: Forty-five women with postpartum depression were compared with 62 healthy postpartum women, 62 age-matched, healthy, non-postpartum women from a normal sample and 74 non-postpartum women with major depression from a clinical sample. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used in order to screen for postpartum depression. A clinical diagnostic interview was done including a rating with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale. Personality i.e. temperament and character was measured by the temperament and character inventory. Results: Harm avoidance (HA) was higher (p < 0.001) and self-directedness (SD) scored lower (p < 0.001) in women with postpartum depression compared to healthy postpartum women. These differences were the most important differences between these two groups. Women with postpartum depression scored lower (p = 0.001) in cooperativeness (CO) and higher (p = 0.019) in self-transcendence (ST) compared to healthy postpartum women. Women with postpartum depression scored overall similar to women with major depression. Conclusion: High HA and low SD can be seen as vulnerability factors for developing a depression and especially in a stressful situation as childbirth. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.
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| 59. |
- Källström, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(author)
-
Parental imprisonment, child victimization and adult problems
- 2019
-
In: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 16:6, s. 671-688
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study addresses, in a Swedish sample, whether exposure to violence and/or crime during childhood, and mental health and/or behaviour problems as an adult, are overrepresented among young men and women who had a parent in prison at some time when they were a child. Results show that almost all the studied types of childhood victimization and adult problems were overrepresented, but verbal victimization, neglect, witnessing violence, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression were significantly overrepresented. Although the associations between having a parent in prison and childhood victimization as well as having mental health and behaviour problems are weak, these results indicate that it is important for practitioners who meet such children to be aware that they are more likely than other children not only to suffer from mental health and/or behaviour problems but also to have experienced violence and/or neglect.
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| 60. |
- Larsson, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced efficacy of porcine lung surfactant extract by utilization of its aqueous swelling dynamics.
- 2002
-
In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 22:1, s. 39-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the interactions between a porcine lung surfactant (PLS) extract and distilled water, saline solution or Ringer solution. The phases which coexist in equilibrium with water or electrolyte solutions were analysed by X-ray diffraction and cryo transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). A lamellar phase with a structure unit consisting of double bilayers was observed in water, whereas lamellar phases with the usual bilayer structure unit were formed in saline and in Ringer solutions. At 25 degrees C the presence of a 4.2-A peak in the X-ray diffraction wide-angle region of these three maximally swollen phases showed that most of the hydrocarbon chains were organized in a crystalline packing. At 42 degrees C the chains in all three phases were melted which, in combination with the low-angle diffraction, shows that they were liquid-crystalline. Polyhedral-like vesicles and spherically shaped multilamellar vesicles were observed in cryo-TEM. The bilayer unit structures were consistent with the periodicity seen by X-ray diffraction. The dynamic swelling behaviour was followed in the polarizing microscope. A remarkable growth of birefringent networks was seen at the air interface of samples swollen in Ringer solution and saline solution. No such interfacial growth phenomena were observed during swelling in water without electrolytes. Then, these dynamics were analysed in relation to time-dependent pulmonary administration of the surfactant extract in rats. Variation in the time of administration (20 and 60 min) after mixing the extract with saline or Ringer solution showed clear differences in physiological effects. At pulmonary administration when the swelling behaviour in vitro showed a maximum in dynamics, the arterial oxygenation was superior to that of administration at a time after a steady-state had been reached. This means that the clinical performance of mammalian lung surfactant extracts can be significantly improved by taking the time-dependent aqueous swelling of the extract into account.
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| 61. |
- Larsson, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
The bilayer melting transition in lung surfactant bilayers: the role of cholesterol.
- 2003
-
In: European Biophysics Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7571 .- 1432-1017. ; 31:8, s. 633-636
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aqueous di persions of a porcine lung surfactant (PLS) extract with and without cholesterol supplementation were analyzed by X-ray scattering. Lamellar liquid-crystalline and gel-type bilayer phases are formed, as in pure phosphatidylcholine (PC)-cholesterol systems. This PLS extract, developed for clinical applications, has a cholesterol content of less than 1% (w/w). Above the limit of swelling, the bilayer structure shows a melting (main) transition during heating at about 34 degreesC. When 13 mol% cholesterol was added to PLS, so that the cholesterol content of natural lung surfactant was reached, the X-ray scattering pattern showed pronounced changes. The main transition temperature was reduced to the range 20-25 degreesC, whereas according to earlier studies of disaturated PC-cholesterol bilayers in water the main transition remains almost constant when the amount of solubilized cholesterol is increased. Furthermore, the changes in scattering pattern at passing this transition in PLS-cholesterol samples were muc smaller than at the same transition in PLS samples. These effects of cholesterol solubilization can be related to phase segregation within the bilayers, known from pure PC-cholesterol systems. One phase, solubilizing about 8 mol% cholesterol, exhibits a melting transition, whereas the other bilayer phase, with a liquid-crystalline disordered conformation, has a cholesterol content in the range 20-30 mol% and this phase shows no thermal transition. The relative amount of bilayer lipids that is transformed at the main transition in the PLS-cholesterol sample is therefore only half compared to that in PLS samples. The reduction in transition temperature in the segregated bilayer of lung surfactant lipids is probably an effect of enrichment of disaturated PC species in the phase, which is poor in cholesterol. This work indicates that cholesterol in lung surfactant regulates the crystallization behavior.
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| 62. |
- Lexne, Erik
(author)
-
Psychiatric aspects on acute abdominal pain
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Psychiatric comorbidity is estimated to occur in up to 40% of all patients with somatic disorders, and it can have an influence on patient morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20% of patients who seek care for abdominal pain receive the diagnosis nonspecific abdominal pain, and later develop chronic abdominal pain. This condition and other abdominal conditions without organic explanation are sometimes called diseases of gut-braininteraction, and psychosocial factors (personality, psychiatric conditions, etc.) have been suggested to play an important role. Organic dyspepsia (which in this thesis is limited to pepticulcer, gastritis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, or GERD) has previously been reported to be associated with personality traits and psychiatric conditions. Despite these known associations, few studies have specifically investigated psychiatric comorbidity in patients with acute abdominal conditions.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with acute abdominal pain conditions in the emergency setting and to evaluate the possible longterm psychiatric problems of these patients.Methods: Consecutive patients with who came to emergency care with acute abdominal pain conditions were divided into three diagnostic groups: acid-dependent organic dyspepsia (pepticulcer, gastritis and GERD), specific abdominal diagnoses, and non-specific abdominal pain.These groups were evaluated for personality traits, psychiatric symptoms, and self-rated health.A follow-up study explored prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) medications in this patients 10–15 years after the initial visit to emergency care.Results: Among the various diagnostic groups, patients with acid-dependent organic dyspepsia had significantly more anxiety-related personality traits, less mature characters, significantly more psychiatric symptoms, and poorer self-rated health. Patients with nonspecific abdominal pain also had more personality traits associated with anxiety, although to a lesser extent. Personality factors were significantly associated with poor self-rated health. The long-term follow-up showed that patients with organic dyspepsia and non-specific abdominal pain were prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs statistically more often than patients with specific abdominal diagnoses.Conclusion: Patients with abdominal pain who seek emergency care have enhanced psychiatric comorbidity, more anxiety-related personality traits, and poorer perceived health.This trend is particularly evident in patients with a diagnosis of acid-dependent organicdyspepsia, and to a lesser degree, patients with a diagnosis of non-specific abdominal pain.These factors also predict future prescription of depression and anxiety medications. These results suggest that patients who come to emergency care with acute abdominal pain could potentially benefit from psychiatric consultation.
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| 63. |
- Lexne, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Psychiatric symptoms among patients with acute abdominal pain Patients with organic dyspepsia report more psychiatric symptoms and rate poorer general health compared to patients with other specific abdominal diagnoses and non-specific abdominal pain at an emergency ward
- 2020
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 55:7, s. 769-776
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Abdominal pain is a common cause of visits to emergency facilities. It is related to psychiatric disorders in primary care, but it is unclear if this also holds in emergency departments. Objective:Is to explore potential differences between diagnostic groups in patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward regarding concurrent somatic-and psychiatric symptoms, 'Length of stay' (LOS) and perceived health. Method:The patients (N = 137) were divided into three groups; organic dyspepsia, specific abdominal diagnoses, and non-specific abdominal pain. The Prime-MD results for extra gastrointestinal symptoms (outside the gastrointestinal tract), psychiatric symptoms, frequency of symptoms, self-reported health, and LOS within the month before admittance were compared between the diagnostic groups. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between the number of physical extra gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms (p < .001), especially regarding anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p = .002). Patients with organic dyspepsia reported significantly more total (p = .016), extragastrointestinal (p = .026) (chest pain;p = .017, dizziness;p = .004, palpitations;p = .005, insomnia;p = .005 and worries;p = .001), and summarized anxiety and depression symptoms (p = .001-0.002) besides poorer general health (p < .001) compared to other abdominal conditions. Also, organic dyspepsia patients needed longer hospital stay than the non-specific abdominal group (p = .002) but similar to the specific abdominal disorders group. Conclusion:Organic dyspepsia is accompanied by more co-occurring physical, anxiety and depression symptoms as well as poorer perceived health than other abdominal pain conditions and comparably increased LOS. This suggests that psychiatric consultations might be beneficial for diagnosing and treating psychiatric comorbidity in emergency care.
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| 64. |
- Lexne, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Temperament and character in patients with acute abdominal pain
- 2018
-
In: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 87, s. 128-133
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSeveral conditions presenting with abdominal pain are associated with specific personality factors although it is unclear if this is true also in emergency clinic settings.ObjectiveTo study personality factors among patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward.MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 165) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency clinic were administrated the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Three main groups were identified; specific abdominal diagnoses, (N = 77), non-specific abdominal pain, (N = 67) and organic dyspepsia (N = 21). TCI results were compared between clinical groups and a control group (N = 122).ResultsAs compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls, those with organic dyspepsia were significantly more anxious (harm avoidance), (p = 0.003), and had lower ability to cooperate (cooperativeness) (p = 0.048 and p = 0.004 respectively). They were also significantly more unpretentious (self-transcendence) compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses (p = 0.048), non-specific abdominal pain (p = 0.012) and controls (p = 0.004) and evidenced less mature character (sum of self-directedness and cooperativeness) compared to those with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls (p = 0.003).ConclusionIndividuals seeking care at an emergency clinic with organic dyspepsia showed a distinguishable pattern of personality features that distinguished them from the other comparison groups. Therefore an evaluation of personality factors may add a new dimension to the diagnostic investigation in the emergency care of abdominal pain and contribute to the optimization of the treatment of organic dyspepsia.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Liu, Xiaoyan, et al.
(author)
-
Association of anionic surfactant and physisorbed branched brush layers probed by neutron and optical reflectometry
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 440, s. 245-252
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pre-adsorbed branched brush layers were formed on silica surfaces by adsorption of a diblock copolymer consisting of a linear cationic block and an uncharged bottle-brush block. The charge of the silica surface was found to affect the adsorption, with lower amounts of the cationic polyelectrolytedepositing on less charged silica. Cleaning under basic conditions rendered surfaces more negatively charged (more negative zeta-potential) than acid cleaning and was therefore used to increase polyelectrolyte adsorption. The structure of adsorbed layers of the diblock copolymer was as determined by neutron reflectometry found to be about 70 nm thick and very water rich (97%). Interactions between the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and such pre-adsorbed diblock polymer layers were studied by neutron reflectometry and by optical reflectometry. Optical reflectometry was also used for deducing interactions between the individual blocks of the diblock copolymer and SDS at the silica/aqueous interface. We find that SDS is readily incorporated in the diblock copolymer layer at low SDS concentrations, and preferentially co-localized with the cationic block of the polymer next to the silica surface. At higher SDS concentrations some desorption of polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes takes place.
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| 67. |
- Lundin, Anna-Carin
(author)
-
Tendinosis in Trigger Finger
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trigger finger is one of the most common hand conditions, with a prevalence of almost 3%. The aetiology remains unclear even though many causes have been suggested. The prevailing paradigm is that the pathogenesis of trigger finger is ascribed to primary changes in the first fibrous condensation of the tendon sheath (A1-pulley). Several studies have investigated pathology in the pulley, but few have investigated the tendon. The general aim of this thesis was to find out if there is pathology in the trigger finger tendon and to define it.We first looked at trigger finger tendon biopsies in a light microscope, and found that they were histologically different from healthy tendons. They showed signs of micro-ruptures, collagen degradation, increased amounts of ground substance, both hyper- and hypo-cellular areas, round active cell nuclei and absence of inflammatory cells, all similar to tendinosis. The histological picture was further assessed by using a scoring system for Achilles tendinosis. The trigger finger tendons scored high, suggesting a similar histopathology.Next, we performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on trigger finger tendons. We assessed the mRNA expression of 10 genes, which have been described to be differently expressed in Achilles tendinosis (collagen 1 and 3, versican, decorin, biglycan, aggrecan, MMP-2, MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and TIMP-3). The overall expression pattern agreed with previous studies on Achilles tendinosis, suggesting that the cellular function in trigger finger tendons is disturbed in a similar way as in Achilles tendinosis.Recent experimental and observational research has suggested potential side effects of statin treatment on tendons, but firm evidence was lacking. We performed an epidemiological study on two large population-based cohorts. Statin use was found to increase the risk of both trigger finger and tendinosis in the shoulder and Achilles tendons, especially among men. This suggests a similar pathology in trigger finger and tendinosis.We have also studied the time to treatment effect after a single injection of glucocorticoid in trigger finger. Our results suggest that 60-80% of patients can expect resolution of the triggering within 14 days, and half of them within seven days. This result allows correct information to be given to the patient and proper planning of follow-ups.In conclusion, the pathology in trigger finger tendons is similar to tendinosis in other tendons.
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| 68. |
- Millenberg, Filippa, 1979-
(author)
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Att mötas på folkhögskola : en studie om folkhögskollärares pedagogiska hållning
- 2023
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I avhandlingen utforskas pedagogiska praktiker och den lärande vardagen på folkhögskola genom att titta på hur möten mellan lärare och kursdeltagare framträder i hantverkskurser på folkhögskola. Vidare utforskar studien hur den relationella dimensionen av dessa möten kan förstås och vilken betydelse möten har i lärares praktik. Med empiriskt material från etnografiska fältstudier såsom inspelade intervjuer, vardagliga samtal och skoldokument, och med ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv, visar studien på en pedagogisk hållning som kännetecknas av en stark tilltro till möten som utgångspunkt för undervisning och lärande. Möten möjliggör för lärare att anpassa undervisning till vilka kursdeltagarna är och vilket syfte de har med studierna. Den pedagogiska hållningen handlar om att lyssna in och erfara en annan människa i en tillblivelseprocess, där vem och vad hen kan tänkas bli inte kan bestämmas på förhand. Hållningen utmärks därmed av förståelsen för undervisning som en process med relationella och existentiella dimensioner. Konkret innebär det att bära en öppenhet, lyhördhet och uppmärksamhet inför kursdeltagares livsvärld och vem en kursdeltagare är och kan tänkas bli i och under utbildning. Vidare visar studien att det för lärarna handlar om att lyhört följa, samspela med och utmana kursdeltagarna i möten. På så sätt blir möten en plats för gemensamt konstituerande av mening som inte kan definieras på förhand utan följer på lärarnas öppenhet inför vad som tar form emellan dem och kursdeltagarna. Begreppet levd kropp visar på betydelsen av hur kroppslig närvaro i lärares och kursdeltagares gemensamma erfarande och konstituerande av mening i möten blir vägledande för de didaktiska val och handlingar som lärare gör i undervisning. Eftersom undervisning uppfattas som en process där målet för kursdeltagarnas lärande kan förändras, kräver det en speciell närvaro av lärarna. Denna närvaro är grundläggande för att tillsammans med kursdeltagarna kunna bestämma rytm och riktning utifrån vad som ter sig väsentlig för både lärare och kursdeltagare i mötena.
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| 69. |
- Moglianetti, Mauro, et al.
(author)
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Interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate and high charge density comb polymers at the silica/water interface
- 2009
-
In: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 5:19, s. 3646-3656
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The structures of interfacial layers formed from mixtures of comb polymers, comprising a high charge density cationic backbone and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side-chains, with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at the silica/water interface, have been determined using neutron reflectivity measurements. The use of mixtures in which only the isotopic composition of the surfactant is changed has made it possible to determine the interfacial volume fraction profiles for both the polymer and the surfactant. For the polymer with 90% of the segments charged and 10% of the segments carrying PEO side-chains, there are four regimes of interfacial behavior with increasing surfactant composition of the bulk solution. First there is adsorption of surfactant to the polymer-covered surface, then, slightly above polymer charge stoichiometry, there is adsorption of near-neutral polymer/surfactant complexes followed by the adsorption of polymer/surfactant aggregates, with a well-defined internal structure. If the concentration of SDS is increased directly from below polymer charge stoichiometry to above the cmc, micelles or polymer/micelle complexes interact with the pre-existing polymer layer. Increasing the fraction of segments carrying PEO side-chains to 25% suppresses the formation of charge-neutral polymer/surfactant complexes at the interface. There is an increase in the adsorption of surfactant, which interacts with the pre-existing layer of polymers. This results in the surface aggregation of SDS and a swelling of the PEO side-chains from a mushroom to a brush-like configuration.
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| 70. |
- Nordin, Conny, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Temperament and character in pathological gambling
- 2007
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In: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 23:2, s. 113-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG). Methods: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females, mean age 35.4 ± 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population. Results: Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity (36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits. Conclusion: HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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| 71. |
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| 72. |
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| 73. |
- Nylander, Erik, et al.
(author)
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oLika TillSAMmanS : En kartläggning av folkhögskolors lärmiljöer för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Sverige finns det sedan en lång tid tillbaka flera utbildningsinstitutioner utanför det formella skolväsendet vilka erbjuder utbildningsmöjligheter för ungdomar och vuxna. En central plats i detta utbildningslandskap har Sveriges 150 folkhögskolor. Den här rapporten handlar om folkhögskolornas arbete med deltagare med funktions--‐ nedsättningar eller, mer precist, om de lärmiljöer i vilka folkhögskolornas pedagogiska arbete sker och hur dessa är utformade och anpassade för deltagare med funktions--‐ nedsättningar. Frågor om skolors lärmiljöer kan anses vara särskilt relevanta för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. En vanlig distinktion inom detta forskningsfält gör gällande att en funktionsnedsättning blir ett funktionshinder först i mötet med en hindrande omgivning.I rapporten visar vi att folkhögskolorna har fått en alltmer framträdande specialpedagogisk funktion i det svenska utbildningssystemet. Exempelvis har andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar på de allmänna kurserna gått från att utgöra var femte deltagare 1997, till var tredje 2013. Ökningen i andel deltagare som kategoriseras som funktionsnedsatta är således väldigt kraftig på senare år. Bland dessa personer är grupperna med neuropsykiatriska diagnoser (särskilt ADHD), med svår psykisk ohälsa och med grava läs- och skrivsvårigheter de största till antalet. Men även deltagare med medicinska, fysiska och kliniska funktionsnedsättningar visar sig särskilt benägna att söka sig till, och använda sig av, folkhögskolornas utbildningsalternativ. Denna ökning av andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättning verkar också återspegla sig i hur lärarna på folkhögskolorna upplever sitt arbete och sina kompetensbehov. En nyligen genomförd enkätstudie visar att utveckling av kompetensen för att upptäcka och stödja deltagare i behov av särskilt stöd är det som folkhögskollärarna efterfrågar i störst utsträckning – ett kompetensbehov som torde ha uppstått ur de nya villkor som förändringar av deltagargrupperna innebär.Dessa utvecklingstendenser är samtidigt svåra att frikoppla från andra samhällsförändringar, såsom det stora antal elever som lämnar gymnasieskolan med ofullständiga betyg varje år eller ett ökat bruk av neuropsykiatriska diagnoser. Mot bakgrund av den livfulla debatt som på senare tid har förts om den svenska gymnasieskolans kris och de många elever som slås ut från denna skolform, är det förvånande att vi inte vet mer om de utbildningsinstitutioner som ”tar vid” och hur de arbetar med grupper som står relativt långt ifrån arbetsmarknaden.Mot bakgrund av dessa förändringar menar vi att det är särskilt motiverat att ta ett samlat grepp om frågan hur folkhögskolorna arbetar och anpassar sina verksamheter till deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. I denna kartläggning tar vi hjälp av officiell statistik för att visa hur antalet och andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar förändrats i skolformen över tid, men frågar även folkhögskolornas representanter hur de anser att folkhögskolornas lärmiljöer är tillgängliggjorda och anpassade för deltagare med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Innan vi ger oss i kast med dessa frågeställningar ska vi säga någonting om vårt övergripande syfte och bakgrunden till rapporten.Rapporten är strukturerad enligt följande: först introduceras folkhögskolorna som skolform genom att deras politiska syften, finansiering samt kursverksamhet beskrivs. Därefter kommer ett avsnitt som redogör för studiens metod och design. Resultatavsnittet inleds med övergripande kartbilder över antalet deltagare på folkhögskolorna indelade efter breda funktionshinderområden. Därefter följer en analys över de motiv och påverkansfaktorer som folkhögskolornas lärare och verksamhetsledare tillerkänner betydelse i enkätsvaren. Sedan kommer en mer detaljerad analys över skolmiljöernas utformning med avseende på (i) multiprofessionalitet, (ii) pedagogiska strategier samt (iii) tekniskt och fysiskt stöd. Till sist diskuterar vi vad folkhögskoleföreträdarna själva framhåller som framgångsfaktorer respektive utvecklingsområden i skolornas arbete med att anpassa och tillgängliggöra deras lärmiljöer för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. På basis av dessa svar resonerar vi om det arbete som görs inom ramen för folkhögskolorna redan idag och om vad som eventuellt kan behöva förbättras.
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| 74. |
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| 75. |
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| 76. |
- Nylander, Per-Olof, 1953-
(author)
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Ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population : its origin and medical consequences
- 1992
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Northern Sweden shows a unique population structure with remarkable geographical variations in the distribution of genetic disorders as well as genetic markers like blood groups, serum groups and red cell enzyme types. The present-day population of northern Sweden is a mixture of people of Finnish, Saamish (Lappish) and Central-Swedish origin.In this thesis the ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population (counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten) was studied using genetic blood markers, and the epidemiological impact of the ethnic heterogeneity was exemplified by studying the geographical correlation between Finnish admixture and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The following results were found:1 Two new ethnic marker genes were discovered: the GC*1F allele (GC serum groups) for Saamish influence and the TF*C3 allele (transferrin serum groups) for Finnish influence.2 Regional gene frequency variations in the A1A2B0 blood groups, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) types and transferrin and GC serum groups were studied in a sample of 4100-5600 individuals from northern Sweden distributed according to birth place into 23 subpopulations. A significant regional heterogeneity was found in all systems. The ethnic marker genes (AB0*A2, GC*1F, TF*C3, PGD*C) showed clineal variations consistent with the expected patterns of Finnish and Saamish admixture.3 Finnish and Saamish admixture was estimated in the 23 subpopulations using AB0*A2,GC*1F and PGD*C as Saamish markers and TF*C3, TF*DCHI, TF*B0-1 and SODI*2 as Finnish markers. The Saamish admixture varied between 0 and 34% and was strongest in the northern and northwestern parts of northern Sweden. The Finnish influence varied between 0 and 84% and was strongest in the northern and northeastern parts of the area. The ethnic marker genes showed significant geographical intercorrelations.4 Hypercholesterolemia showed a significant heterogeneity between the 23 subpopulations, and there was a significant geographical covariation with the degree of Finnish admixture. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Finnish genetic influence may contribute to the development of hypercholesterolemia and thereby to the increased rate of cardiovascular diseases found in northern Sweden.The results of this study suggest that in addition to the founder effect ethnic heterogeneity is an important determinant of the structure of the North-Swedish population.
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| 77. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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After a childhood with a parent in prison : Relationships and well-being as a child and young adult
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Prisoner Health. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1744-9200 .- 1744-9219. ; 14:1, s. 34-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore whether young adults who had a parent in prison while growing up in Sweden are disadvantaged in terms of parental support, school well-being and functioning, and socioemotional and/or behavioral problems, compared to young adults whose parents were not in prison when they were a child.Design/methodology/approach: Retrospective self-report information about parental imprisonment and childhood and adulthood welfare was collected from 2,500 Swedish young adults as part of the RESUME project. The 52 of these who had had a parent in prison during their childhood were compared to the young adults who had not had a parent in prison, by measuring differences concerning their family relations, school well-being, and well-being as adults, and the risk of some events occurring later in life.Findings: Findings Having had a parent in prison was significantly related to feeling less loved during childhood, and having less contact and support from both parents during adulthood, in comparison with other young adults. In school they experienced lower well-being and were more often placed in special education than other children. They were at greater risk of not attending higher education, of planning or attempting suicide, and of being hospitalized for mental health problems than the rest of the young adults.Research limitations/implications: Even taking into consideration the complexity of childhood conditions and the limitations of retrospective data, prison and social-services professionals should pay special attention to the fact that a child has a parent in prison.Originality/value: This is a unique study of young adults' experiences of a childhood with parent in prison.
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| 78. |
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| 79. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, Docent, 1954-
(author)
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Det hotade kontaktmannaskapet?
- 2016
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In: Tidskrift för kriminalvård. - Stockholm : Svenska fångvårdssällskapet. - 0040-6821. ; 71:4, s. 4-6
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Det finns mycket som tyder på att vi idag ser en kursändring i Kriminavårdens syn på kontaktmannaskap, den rehabiliterande uppgift i vardagsarbetet som kriminalvårdare haft sedan 1991. Vi skisserar här den utvecklingen och vad som kan ligga bakom den.
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| 80. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-
(author)
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Drug treatment in a Swedish women's prison : relations and identities among prison officers and prisoners
- 2015
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In: Probation Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0264-5505 .- 1741-3079. ; 62:3, s. 234-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes life in a drug-treatment wing (a prison therapeutic community) in a Swedish women’s prison, and aims to analyse prisoners’ and prison officers’ relations and identities, through observation field notes and interviews with staff and prisoners. The studied prison has a drug-treatment programme based on Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy, with external therapists. Within the treatment wing, prison officers are abandoning the traditional staff identity for one of ‘co-therapist’. The female prisoner-identity is initially that of the ‘traditional prisoner’, but is often replaced by other situational identities such as the ‘conscious addict’ and the ‘good group-member’. In cases of frustration and threats in the wing, the more traditional identities might temporarily be ‘re-activated’. This might be a source of confusion and inner conflict, especially for the prisoners.
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| 81. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Drug treatment in Swedish prisons : moving towards evidence-based interventions?
- 2012
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In: Nordic studies on alcohol and drugs. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1458-6126 .- 1455-0725. ; 29:6, s. 561-574
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: This article reviews the development in Sweden of prison-based drug treatment (PBDT) from the 1970s to the present situation.Data: The data consists of committee reports, white papers, research reports and interviews with two senior managers from the Swedish Prison and Probation Services (SPPS).Results: The 1970s and 1980s trials with milieu therapy in prisons were followed by the introduction of cognitive programmes in the 1990s. Due to the growing number of prisoners with drug problems, the Prison Anti-Drug Effort increased the number of places and programmes for drug treatment in prisons. As of 2000, the scientific evaluation of all prison-based drug treatment has been strongly emphasised. Drug control has increased since 2004, and the very concept of PBDT is now approached rather more rigorously and scientifically.Conclusion: The SPPS programme evaluations are scientifically formed, but changes in practice are slow to emerge. The SPPS runs a more restricted policy compared to treatment outside, which leads to some evidence-based treatment methods being rejected. Also, PBDT is somewhat under threat by changes in the prisons' internal organisation with growing specialisation in different wings, as well as by the poor financial situation of the SPPS.
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| 82. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, et al.
(author)
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Emotional labour and emotional strain among Swedish prison officers
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Criminology. - London : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 8:6, s. 469-483
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores emotional labour strategies among Swedish prison officers, and shows how these affect their well-being. Case studies of five Swedish prisons and a national survey of prison officers are used. Analysis indicates that prison officers perform complex forms of emotional labour. Owing to differences in subcultures and informal norms, the strategies officers use in managing their displays of emotion vary between wings and roles. Different strategies may cause different kinds of emotional strain. So-called ‘surface acting’ may lead to cynicism and alienation, whereas ‘deep acting’ may lead to stress and exhaustion. Finally, the lack of opportunities for recovery is discussed.
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| 83. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, Docent, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Emotionellt arbete och belastning i fängelsearbete : utvecklingen över tid
- 2023
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Arbetsvetenskap vid Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 29:3-4, s. 27-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Kriminalvårdare är ett komplext yrke som dagligen hanterar intagna i fängelser, vilket innefattar att bemöta olika känslouttryck. Denna artikel handlar om hur detta emotionella arbete förändrats över tid. Den baseras på en jämförelse av data från två forskningsprojekt (2009 och 2019). Resultatet visar att kriminalvårdare upplever att det emotionella arbetet blivit mer påtagligt, och att den belastning och trötthet som följer av detta blivit större. Samtidigt upplever många små möjligheter till återhämtning från detta under arbetstiden.Utvecklingen kan ses i ljuset av den ökade beläggningen men kan också kopplas till ideologiska och organisatoriska förändringar inom den svenska kriminalvården.
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| 84. |
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
- Nylander, Per-Åke, 1954-
(author)
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Prison anti-drug treatment in a women’s prison : prescribed and negotiated identities
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Besides increased security measures and control, anti-drug treatment programs have dramatically expanded in Swedish prisons the last ten years. Today nearly 800 of the 5000 places in Swedish prisons are intended for anti-drug treatment. This paper addresses the institutional effects of this transition in the case of a women’s prison with a treatment wing. Data have been collected during 2012-2013 by documents, observations and interviews with staff and prisoners, as part of a Nordic research project. The prison has for many years run a 12-steps (AA/NA) program in one wing, with external full-time therapists running groups in the wing daily. Prison officers are actively participating in the groups. Preliminary findings indicate that the prison officer identity, as well as the prisoner identities, are challenged and changing in the treatment setting, while the borders to other wings arestrengthened. Within the treatment wing, prison officers are moving between the traditional prison officer role, and the role of ”co-therapist”, and this seems more awkward for the minority of male staff. The female prisoner identity is moving between the "Traditional Prisoner", the "Conscious Addict” and the "Good Friend", all depending on the situation. A conclusion is that this is an opportunity, but also a source to diffusion, for the prisoners.
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, Docent, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Prisoners’ Experiences of Prison Drug Treatment : what matters?
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Prisoner Health. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1744-9200 .- 1744-9219. ; 17:1, s. 6-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This study aims to analyze prisoners’ experiences of prison drug-treatment programs in Sweden. How do they describe their personal relationships with the prison staff and with other prisoners in the wings? How do they describe the social climate and the control in drug-treatment wings? How could differences between these wings be understood?Design/methodology/approach: The data consist of observations and face-to-face interviews with male and female prisoners in three Swedish prison drug-treatment wings. Analytical concepts used are roles, relationships and rituals.Findings: The prisoners’ relationships with prison officers seemed connected to what kinds of rituals the prisoners and staff engaged in. In all three treatment wings, the staff and prisoners were involved in natural rituals. This was most frequent in the women’s prison with a 12-step program. The prisoners were frustrated with control measures but were mainly positive to the measures as preventing drugs from coming into the wing.Research limitations/implications: Only three prison wings, however in varying prisons, have been studied.Originality/value: These results gives a useful prisoners’ perspective on the development of drug-prevention and treatment in different kinds of prisons.
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| 90. |
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| 91. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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Säkerhet eller rehabilitering? : Om subkulturell differentiering bland kriminalvårdare
- 2008
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In: Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv. - : Arbetsvetenskap vid Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692. ; 14:3, s. 45-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under senare år har säkerhetsfrågorna prioriterats kraftigt vid svenska fängelser. Men vad innebär denna skärpning av säkerhetsrutiner för verksamheten vid anstalterna? Och, vad innebär den för den yrkeskår som praktiskt ska genomföra svensk kriminalvård, dvs. vårdarna? I denna artikel fokuserar vi på hur kriminalvårdare tänker, känner och handlar i arbetet, hur deras yrkeskultur och yrkespraktik gestaltar sig, formas och utvecklas under dagens arbetsvillkor.
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| 92. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, et al.
(author)
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Säkerhet eller rehabilitering? Om subkulturell differentiering bland kriminalvårdare
- 2008
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692. ; 14:3, s. 45-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under senare år har säkerhetsfrågorna prioriterats kraftigt vid svenska fängelser. Men vad innebär denna skärpning av säkerhetsrutiner för verksamheten vid anstalterna? Och, vad innebär skärpningen för den yrkeskår som praktiskt ska genomföra svensk kriminalvård, alltså vårdarna? I artikeln granskar vi med hjälp av några teoretiska begrepp hur kriminalvårdare tänker, känner och handlar i arbetet, eller mer preciserat: hur deras yrkeskultur och yrkespraktik gestaltar sig, reproduceras och utvecklas under dagens arbetsvillkor.
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| 93. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, Docent, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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The Emotional Labour of Prison Work
- 2020
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In: Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology. - London : Routledge. - 9780367152017 ; , s. 69-84
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emotional life in prisons has been described in popular literature in terms of horror and suffering, but the research literature on this topic is sparse and mostly produced in later decades. During this short time, emotion research concerning prisons has focussed on a prison reality under constant change and development. The development of prisons, which is influenced by increased security, technical monitoring, and risk governance but also by centralization, specialization, and efficiency demands, has deeply affected prison work. Not the least of these concerns is the emotional labour performed by the largest group of staff, the prison officers. How this labour is performed in each prison wing or unit is closely connected to the institutional framework, the subculture, and the relationships between officers and prisoners. The aim of this chapter is to describe and discuss the emotional labour of prison staff under today’s prevailing conditions of prison life and ongoing changes to prison systems. This is done with reference to research findings from several countries as well as data from our own Swedish research projects. Research and data on prison officer work will be analysed in the light of prison policy changes and organisational theory on the development of public organisations and by using the work of Hochschild and other social theorists.
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| 94. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-
(author)
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The transition of the prison officer role in late-modern prisons : the case of Sweden
- 2010
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an era of increased incarceration of prisoners, there are still demands for prisoner rehabilitation. The eternal dilemma of safe custody and rehabilitative efforts to avoid re-conviction has shaped an increased specialisation into security-differentiated prisons, specialised wings and divided prison officer roles. In the case of Sweden, this threefold specialisation has reached a point where the occupational role is facing new problems and challenges. Drawing on results from a Swedish three-year research project, with five case-prisons and a nation-wide survey with 20 % of all prison officers, we argue that a specialization in the prisons creates new subcultures among prison officers with patterns overlapping individual attitudes, environmental conditions, as well as the traditional/non- traditional performances of the role. In the Swedish specialised wings correctional officers create representations of staff in other kinds of wings. In performing separate roles, either security/control or counselling/program management, they regard each others’ tasks as unimportant or less understandable. Different cultural patterns emerge in the prison context, where the professional representations, the emotional work and the use of formal rituals differ. While the specialisation might enrich the occupational role individually, the organisational changes also lead to work-place tensions and sub-cultural disintegration.
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| 95. |
- Nylander, Ruta, et al.
(author)
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Relation between cardiovascular disease risk markers and brain infarcts detected by magnetic resonance imaging in an elderly population
- 2015
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In: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 24:2, s. 312-318
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Established cardiovascular risk markers, such as hypertension, are associated with increased risk of brain infarcts. The newer markers N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I, C-reactive protein, and cystatin C may affect the risk of cardiovascular events and potentially, thereby, also stroke. We investigated the association between established and new risk markers for cardiovascular disease and brain infarcts detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 75.METHODS: Four hundred six randomly selected subjects from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study were examined with MRI of the brain at age 75. Blood samples, measurements, and dedicated questionnaires at age 70 were used for analysis of risk markers. A history of diseases had been obtained at age 70 and 75. MRI was evaluated regarding lacunar and cortical infarcts. Univariate associations between outcomes and risk markers were assessed with logistic regression models.RESULTS: One or more infarcts were seen in 23% of the subjects (20% had only lacunar infarcts, 1% had only cortical infarcts, and 2% had both). Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 4.7) and obesity (OR 1.3; CI 1.0, 1.8) were significantly associated with increased risk of brain infarction. The newer risk markers were not significantly associated with the brain infarcts.CONCLUSIONS: The new markers were not associated with the predominantly lacunar infarcts in our 75-year-old population, why troponin I and NT-proBNP may be associated mainly with cardioembolic infarcts as shown recently.
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| 96. |
- Nylander, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Neutron Reflectometry to Investigate the Delivery of Lipids and DNA to Interfaces
- 2008
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In: Biointerphases. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1559-4106 .- 1934-8630. ; 3:2, s. FB64-FB82
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The application of scattering methods in the study of biological and biomedical problems is a field of research that is currently experiencing fast growth. In particular, neutron reflectometry (NR) is a technique that is becoming progressively more widespread, as indicated by the current commissioning of several new reflectometers worldwide. NR is valuable for the characterization of biomolecules at interfaces due to its capability to provide quantitative structural and compositional information on relevant molecular length scales. Recent years have seen an increasing number of applications of NR to problems related to drug and gene delivery. We start our review by summarizing the experimental methodology of the technique with reference to the description of biological liquid interfaces. Various methods for the interpretation of data are then discussed, including a new approach based on the lattice mean-field theory to help characterize stimulus-responsive surfaces relevant to drug delivery function. Recent progress in the subject area is reviewed in terms of NR studies relevant to the delivery of lipids and DNA to surfaces. Lastly, we discuss two case studies to exemplify practical features of NR that are exploited in combination with complementary techniques. The first case concerns the interactions of lipid-based cubic phase nanoparticles with model membranes (a drug delivery application), and the second case concerns DNA compaction at surfaces and in the bulk solution (a gene delivery application).
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| 97. |
- Ouhajji, Samia, et al.
(author)
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Depletion controlled surface deposition of uncharged colloidal spheres from stable bulk dispersions
- 2016
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In: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 12:17, s. 3963-3971
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The competition between surface adsorption and bulk aggregation was investigated for silica colloids dispersed in cyclohexane in contact with hydrophobized silica substrates. Central to this study is that the colloids and surfaces have the same material and surface properties. Colloid-colloid and colloid-surface interactions were controlled by addition of polymers providing depletion interaction. Bulk instability was determined by turbidity and viscosity measurements and surface adsorption by ellipsometry measurements. At increasing polymer concentration, strong surface adsorption occurred at polymer concentrations below that required for bulk phase separation. Complementary Monte Carlo simulations with the use of a new weak depletion theory support quantitatively the experimental observation of the existence of an interval of interaction strength at which aggregation in bulk is negligible while surface adsorption is substantial.
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| 98. |
- Persson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Gastrectomy causes bone loss in the rat: is lack of gastric acid responsible?
- 1993
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 28:4, s. 301-306
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Total gastrectomy or resection of the acid-producing part of the stomach (fundectomy) in the rat induced a marked and rapid reduction in bone wet weight, ash weight, and density (expressed as ash weight in mg/mm3 bone). Bone volumes were also affected but not as much. The radius, sternum, tibia, and femur were studied. Three weeks after gastrectomy the bone ash weight was reduced by almost 30% and the density by more than 25%. Maximum bone loss (approximately 40%) occurred about 6 weeks after the operation. The bone loss after gastrectomy was somewhat greater than that after fundectomy, whereas antrectomy had a marginal effect only. The percentage trabecular bone volume, calculated from morphometric analysis of histologic sections of the tibia, was greatly reduced by gastrectomy (approximately 50%), somewhat less so by fundectomy, whereas antrectomy had little effect. We set out to study whether calcium malabsorption could explain the bone loss after gastrectomy. Gastric acid is thought to facilitate the intestinal absorption of ingested calcium by mobilizing calcium from insoluble complexes in the diet. The possibility that lack of acid might contribute to the bone loss after gastrectomy was examined in experiments in which the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole was given for 4-8 weeks at such a dose (400 mumol/kg/day) that acid secretion was blocked almost completely during the period of study. This treatment was without effect on bone. However, the possibility could not be excluded that gastrectomized rats develop calcium deficiency for some reason other than lack of acid.(
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| 99. |
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| 100. |
- Prost, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Comparative analyses identify genomic features potentially involved in the evolution of birds-of-paradise
- 2019
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In: GigaScience. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-217X. ; 8:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The diverse array of phenotypes and courtship displays exhibited by birds-of-paradise have long fascinated scientists and nonscientists alike. Remarkably, almost nothing is known about the genomics of this iconic radiation. There are 41 species in 16 genera currently recognized within the birds-of-paradise family (Paradisaeidae), most of which are endemic to the island of New Guinea. In this study, we sequenced genomes of representatives from all five major clades within this family to characterize genomic changes that may have played a role in the evolution of the group's extensive phenotypic diversity. We found genes important for coloration, morphology, and feather and eye development to be under positive selection. In birds-of-paradise with complex lekking systems and strong sexual dimorphism, the core birds-of-paradise, we found Gene Ontology categories for "startle response" and "olfactory receptor activity" to be enriched among the gene families expanding significantly faster compared to the other birds in our study. Furthermore, we found novel families of retrovirus-like retrotransposons active in all three de novo genomes since the early diversification of the birds-of-paradise group, which might have played a role in the evolution of this fascinating group of birds.
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