| 51. |
- Engquist, M., et al.
(author)
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A 5-to 8-year randomized study on the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: anterior cervical decompression and fusion plus physiotherapy versus physiotherapy alone
- 2017
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In: Journal of Neurosurgery-Spine. - : Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG). - 1547-5654. ; 26:1, s. 19-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the 5- to 8-year outcome of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) combined with a structured physiotherapy program as compared with that following the same physiotherapy program alone in patients with cervical radiculopathy. No previous prospective randomized studies with a follow-up of more than 2 years have compared outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical intervention for cervical radiculopathy. METHODS Fifty-nine patients were randomized to ACDF surgery with postoperative physiotherapy (30 patients) or to structured physiotherapy alone (29 patients). The physiotherapy program included general and specific exercises as well as pain coping strategies. Outcome measures included neck disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]), neck and arm pain intensity (visual analog scale [VAS]), health state (EQ-5D questionnaire), and a patient global assessment. Patients were followed up for 5-8 years. RESULTS After 5-8 years, the NDI was reduced by a mean score% of 21 (95% CI 14-28) in the surgical group and 11% (95% CI 4%-18%) in the nonsurgical group (p = 0.03). Neck pain was reduced by a mean score of 39 mm (95% CI 26-53 mm) compared with 19 mm (95% CI 7-30 mm; p = 0.01), and arm pain was reduced by a mean score of 33 mm (95% CI 18-49 mm) compared with 19 mm (95% CI 7-32 mm; p = 0.1), respectively. The EQ-5D had a mean respective increase of 0.29 (95% CI 0.13-0.45) compared with 0.14 (95% CI 0.01-0.27; p = 0.12). Ninety-three percent of patients in the surgical group rated their symptoms as "better" or "much better" compared with 62% in the nonsurgical group (p = 0.005). Both treatment groups experienced significant improvement over baseline for all outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective randomized study of 5- to 8-year outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment in patients with cervical radiculopathy, ACDF combined with physiotherapy reduced neck disability and neck pain more effectively than physiotherapy alone. Self-rating by patients as regards treatment outcome was also superior in the surgery group. No significant differences were seen between the 2 patient groups as regards arm pain and health outcome.
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| 54. |
- Eriksson, B, et al.
(author)
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Suprarenomas.
- 1997
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In: IN: Therapiekonzepte Onkologie/Therapies and Strategies in Oncology 1997, 3rd edition. Eds Seeber and Schütte. - : Springer Verlag.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 61. |
- Harmenberg, JG, et al.
(author)
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ME-609: a treatment for recurrent herpes simplex virus infections
- 2003
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In: Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-3202 .- 2040-2066. ; 14:4, s. 205-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies in conventional murine models of HSV infection use immunologically naive animals. These models thus mimic primary infections rather than recurrent infections in humans. We have, therefore, used a newly developed mouse model that more closely mimics recurrent HSV infection in humans. In this model, the mice are infected, and zosteriform HSV-1 infection develops in the presence of a primed immune response using adoptive transfer of immunity (ATI) as we have described previously. Using the ATI mouse model, it has been shown that a more beneficial therapy for recurrent mucocutaneous HSV infection could be achieved by controlling both the viral replication and the inflammatory response to the virus. Topical treatment was initiated in this model at the time of first occurrence of symptoms and was given three times daily for 4 days. Topical treatment with ME-609 (which contains 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone) in the ATI mouse model was substantially more efficacious than 5% Zovirax® cream, 1% hydrocortisone or no treatment, respectively. The beneficial properties of ME-609 were also found to be superior to those of Zovirax cream when tested in the standard guinea pig model, representing a primary HSV infection. ME-609 represents a novel treatment principle of recurrent HSV infections and the present paper summarizes the preclinical and early clinical experience of ME-609.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Hemani, Ahmed, et al.
(author)
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System level virtual prototyping of DSP SOCs using grammar based approach
- 2000
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In: Design automation for embedded systems. - 0929-5585 .- 1572-8080. ; 5:04-mar, s. 295-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As we move from algorithm on a chip to system on a chip era, the design bottleneck is shifting from individual DSP functions to global control that composes a system from these functions. The practice in industry suffers from global control entering the design flow too late, discontinuity between functional modeling and implementation phase and mixing data flow with global control. MASIC-Maths to ASIC-is a methodology proposed in this paper that targets DSP SOCs and addresses these issues. Global control is specified in a grammar notation and integrates the output of functional modeling phase, the DSP functions, by referencing them. A virtual prototype is automatically built from such a specification that models the global control in VHDL and cosimulates with the DSP functions in C from the functional modeling phase. A highly efficient verification methodology based on separating the verification of global control from DSP functions is proposed. A smooth path to cycle true implementation is possible using either behavioral synthesis, IPs for the DSP functions or manual implementation. Experiments using realistic examples like GSM base band processing, rake receiver and some smaller examples have been carried out to quantify the benefits of MASIC.
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| 65. |
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Jokinen, Jussi, et al.
(author)
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Methylation of HPA axis related genes in men with hypersexual disorder
- 2017
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 80, s. 67-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hypersexual Disorder (HD) defined as non-paraphilic sexual desire disorder with components of compulsivity, impulsivity and behavioral addiction, and proposed as a diagnosis in the DSM 5, shares some overlapping features with substance use disorder including common neurotransmitter systems and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. In this study, comprising 67 HD male patients and 39 male healthy volunteers, we aimed to identify HPA-axis coupled CpG-sites, in which modifications of the epigenetic profile are associated with hypersexuality. The genome-wide methylation pattern was measured in whole blood using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip, measuring the methylation state of over 850 K CpG sites. Prior to analysis, the global DNA methylation pattern was pre-processed according to standard protocols and adjusted for white blood cell type heterogeneity. We included CpG sites located within 2000 bp of the transcriptional start site of the following HPA-axis coupled genes: Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein (CRHBP), corticotropin releasing hormone receptor I (CRHR1), corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2), FKBP5 and the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). We performed multiple linear regression models of methylation M-values to a categorical variable of hypersexuality, adjusting for depression, dexamethasone non-suppression status, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire total score and plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Of 76 tested individual CpG sites, four were nominally significant (p<0.05), associated with the genes CRH, CRHR2 and NR3C1. Cg23409074-located 48 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the CRH gene - was significantly hypomethylated in hypersexual patients after corrections for multiple testing using the FDR-method. Methylation levels of cg23409074 were positively correlated with gene expression of the CRH gene in an independent cohort of 11 healthy male subjects. The methylation levels at the identified CRH site, cg23409074, were significantly correlated between blood and four different brain regions. CRH is an important integrator of neuroendocrine stress responses in the brain, with a key role in the addiction processes. Our results show epigenetic changes in the CRH gene related to hypersexual disorder in men.
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| 76. |
- Metson, Genevieve, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Socio-environmental consideration of phosphorus flows in the urban sanitation chain of contrasting cities
- 2018
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In: Regional Environmental Change. - Heildelberg : Springer. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 18:5, s. 1387-1401
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding how cities can transform organic waste into a valuable resource is critical to urban sustainability. The capture and recycling of phosphorus (P), and other essential nutrients, from human excreta is particularly important as an alternative organic fertilizer source for agriculture. However, the complex set of socio-environmental factors influencing urban human excreta management is not yet sufficiently integrated into sustainable P research. Here, we synthesize information about the pathways P can take through urban sanitation systems along with barriers and facilitators to P recycling across cities. We examine five case study cities by using a sanitation chains approach: Accra, Ghana; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Beijing, China; Baltimore, USA; and London, England. Our cross-city comparison shows that London and Baltimore recycle a larger percentage of P from human excreta back to agricultural lands than other cities, and that there is a large diversity in socio-environmental factors that affect the patterns of recycling observed across cities. Our research highlights conditions that may be "necessary but not sufficient" for P recycling, including access to capital resources. Path dependencies of large sanitation infrastructure investments in the Global North contrast with rapidly urbanizing cities in the Global South, which present opportunities for alternative sanitation development pathways. Understanding such city-specific social and environmental barriers to P recycling options could help address multiple interacting societal objectives related to sanitation and provide options for satisfying global agricultural nutrient demand.
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| 81. |
- Oberg, K., et al.
(author)
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Comparison of monolayer films of stearic acid and methyl stearate on an Al2O3 surface
- 2001
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In: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090. ; 397:1-2, s. 102-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both stearic acid and methyl stearate chemisorbs onto an oxide surface of aluminum with an asymmetric coordination of the carboxylate group as concluded from infrared (IR) spectroscopy data. Similarities in the IR spectra of the films from the two compounds suggest that the ester is bonded in the same way as the acid, and that the ester therefore undergoes hydrolysis during the surface reaction. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and IR data are interpreted in terms of self-assembled monolayer formation and a more dense film from the carboxylic acid in comparison with that from the ester. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
- Pace, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Determining medical decision-making capacity in brain tumor patients : why and how?
- 2020
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In: Neuro-Oncology Practice. - : Oxford University Press. - 2054-2577 .- 2054-2585. ; 7:6, s. 599-612
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Brain tumor patients are at high risk of impaired medical decision-making capacity (MDC), which can be ethically challenging because it limits their ability to give informed consent to medical treatments or participation in research. The European Association of Neuro-Oncology Palliative Care Multidisciplinary Task Force performed a systematic review to identify relevant evidence with respect to MDC that could be used to give recommendations on how to cope with reduced MDC in brain tumor patients.Methods: A literature search in several electronic databases was conducted up to September 2019, including studies with brain tumor and other neurological patients. Information related to the following topics was extracted: tools to measure MDC, consent to treatment or research, predictive patient- and treatment-related factors, surrogate decision making, and interventions to improve MDC.Results: A total of 138 articles were deemed eligible. Several structured capacity-assessment instruments are available to aid clinical decision making. These instruments revealed a high incidence of impaired MDC both in brain tumors and other neurological diseases for treatment- and research-related decisions. Incapacity appeared to be mostly determined by the level of cognitive impairment. Surrogate decision making should be considered in case a patient lacks capacity, ensuring that the patient's "best interests" and wishes are guaranteed. Several methods are available that may help to enhance patients' consent capacity.Conclusions: Clinical recommendations on how to detect and manage reduced MDC in brain tumor patients were formulated, reflecting among others the timing of MDC assessments, methods to enhance patients' consent capacity, and alternative procedures, including surrogate consent.
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| 87. |
- Pace, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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European Association for Neuro-Oncology (EANO) guidelines for palliative care in adults with glioma
- 2017
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In: The Lancet Oncology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 18:6, s. E330-E340
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with glioma present with complex palliative care needs throughout their disease trajectory. The life-limiting nature of gliomas and the presence of specific symptoms related to neurological deterioration necessitate an appropriate and early palliative care approach. The multidisciplinary palliative care task force of the European Association of Neuro-Oncology did a systematic review of the available scientific literature to formulate the best possible evidence-based recommendations for the palliative care of adult patients with glioma, with the aim to reduce symptom burden and improve the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, particularly in the end-of-life phase. When recommendations could not be made because of the scarcity of evidence, the task force either used evidence from studies of patients with systemic cancer or formulated expert opinion. Areas of palliative care that currently lack evidence and thus deserve attention for further research are fatigue, disorders of behaviour and mood, interventions for the needs of caregivers, and timing of advance care planning.
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| 88. |
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| 98. |
- Skagerlund, J., et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of an automatic method to extract the grating coupling coefficient in different types of fabricated DFB lasers
- 1998
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In: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 34, s. 141-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distributed feedback (DFB) laser parameters such as grating coupling coefficient, effective indices, facet reflectances, and the phases of facet reflectances have been determined using a method based on least-square fitting of theoretical spectra to measured, subthreshold DFB laser emission spectra. The only inputs needed are geometrical parameters such as length, grating period, and internal grating phase shifts. A larger number of devices have been successfully characterized, and consistent results have been obtained in both 1.3- mu;m multi-quantum-well (MQW) DFB lasers with both facets as-cleaved, and in 1.55- mu;m MQW DFB lasers with no, one, or two facets as-cleaved
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