| 101. |
- Yu, Biying, et al.
(author)
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Environmental benefits from ridesharing : A case of Beijing
- 2017
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In: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 191, s. 141-152
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emerging ridesharing travel could be an effective way in China to reduce travel demand by cars, which can further seek to shift personal transportation choices from an owned asset to a service used on demand and lessen the traffic jam and emissions. Drawing on the raw observed ridesharing trip data provided by DiDi Chuxing company, this study evaluated the direct environmental benefits of ridesharing resulted from the travel mode shift and the indirect environmental benefits resulted from the attitude change towards car purchase behavior. The megacity Beijing is taken as the empirical context given its more serious situation of traffic congestion and difficulties for car purchase. Estimation results show that direct annual energy savings made by ridesharing are approximately 26.6 thousand tce, and annual emission reductions of CO2 and NOx are approximately 46.2 thousand tons and 253.7 tons, respectively. Besides, using ridesharing service will lead to substantial energy savings and emission reductions from the long-term perspective attributing to the weakening willingness on purchasing new cars. Promoting EVs among ridesharing vehicles and switching to clean electricity generation as well as improving vehicle efficiency can further enhance the environmental benefits of ridesharing, with maximum effects amounting to 67% of energy savings and 57% of CO2 emission reductions compared to 2016 level of the fuel related energy consumption and emissions made by ridesharing.
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| 102. |
- Yuan, Xi Ming, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Lysosomal destabilization during macrophage damage induced by cholesterol oxidation products
- 2000
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In: Free Radical Biology & Medicine. - 0891-5849 .- 1873-4596. ; 28:2, s. 208-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have previously shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induces damage to the macrophage lysosomal membranes, with ensuing leakage of lysosomal contents and macrophage cell death. Cholesterol oxidation products (ChOx) have been reported to be the major cytotoxic components of oxidized LDL/LDL− and also to stimulate cholesterol accumulation in vascular cells. In the present study, we characterized the initial events during macrophage damage induced by cholesterol oxidation products (ChOx). Within 24 h of exposure, ChOx caused lysosomal destabilization, release to the cytosol of the lysosomal marker-enzyme cathepsin D, apoptosis, and postapoptotic necrosis. Enhanced autophagocytosis and chromatin margination was found 12 h after the exposure to ChOx, whereas apoptosis and postapoptotic necrosis was pronounced 24 and 48 h after the exposure. Some lysosomal vacuoles were then filled with degraded cellular organelles, indicating phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by surviving cells. Because caspase-3 activation was detected in the ChOx-exposed cells, lysosomal destabilization may associate with the leakage of lysosomal enzymes, and activation of the caspase cascade. MnSOD mRNA levels were markedly increased after 24 h of exposure to ChOx, suggesting associated induction of mitochondrial protection repair or turnover. We conclude that ChOx-induced damage to lysosomes and mitochondria are sequelae to the cascade of oxysterol cytotoxic events. The early disruption of lysosomes induced by ChOx, with resultant autophagocytosis may be a critical event in apoptosis and/or necrosis of macrophages/foam cells during the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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| 103. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(author)
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Five tips for China to realize its co-targets of climate mitigation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- 2020
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In: Geography and Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2096-7438 .- 2666-6839. ; 1:3, s. 245-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2018, a total of US$166 billion global economic losses and a new high of 55.3 Gt of CO2 equivalent emission were generated by 831 climate-related extreme events. As the world's largest CO2 emitter, we reported China's recent progresses and pitfalls in climate actions to achieve climate mitigation targets (i.e., limit warming to 1.52 degrees C above the pre-industrial level). We first summarized China's integrated actions (2015 onwards) that benefit both climate change mitigation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These projects include re-structuring organizations, establishing working goals and actions, amending laws and regulations at national level, as well as increasing social awareness at community level. We then pointed out the shortcomings in different regions and sectors. Based on these analyses, we proposed five recommendations to help China improving its climate policy strategies, which include: 1) restructuring the economy to balance short-term and long-term conflicts; 2) developing circular economy with recycling mechanism and infrastructure; 3) building up unified national standards and more accurate indicators; 4) completing market mechanism for green economy and encouraging green consumption; and 5) enhancing technology innovations and local incentives via bottom-up actions.
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| 104. |
- Zhang, Yi, et al.
(author)
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Elemene inhibits the migration and invasion of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells via heparanase
- 2017
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In: Molecular Medicine Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 16:1, s. 794-800
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elemene (ELE), a natural plant drug extracted from Curcumae Rhizoma, has been widely used for cancer treatment in China for more than 20 years. Although it is reported to be a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, the mechanism underlying the action of ELE in the treatment of breast cancer remains to be fully elucidated. Heparanase, a mammalian endo-D-glucuronidase, is involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and thus promotes tumor progression and metastasis. The downregulation of heparanase can effectively reduce tumor malignant behaviors. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of ELE were evaluated in breast cancer cells using a Cell Counting kit 8 assay. The migratory and invasive capabilities of cancer cells were investigated using a wound healing assay, real-time cell analysis and a Transwell assay. In addition, western blot analysis was used to assess alterations in the expression levels of key proteins. The present results confirmed the antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of ELE, using low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as a positive control. In addition, ELE was demonstrated to downregulate the expression of heparanase, and decrease the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT. These findings suggested that ELE may be a promising agent targeting heparanase in the treatment of breast cancer.
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| 105. |
- Zhang, Yi, et al.
(author)
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Gubenyiliu II Inhibits Breast Tumor Growth and Metastasis Associated with Decreased Heparanase Expression and Phosphorylation of ERK and AKT Pathways
- 2017
-
In: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 22:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gubenyiliu II (GYII), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula used in our hospital, has shown beneficial effects in cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of GYII on murine breast cancer models. GYII showed significant inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis in the murine breast cancer model. Additionally, GYII suppressed the proliferation of 4T1 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. A better inhibitory effect on 4T1 cell proliferation and migration was found in the decomposed recipes (DR) of GYII. Moreover, heparanase expression and the degree of angiogenesis were reduced in tumor tissues. Western blot analysis showed decreased expression of heparanase and growth factors in the cells treated with GYII and its decomposed recipes (DR2 and DR3), and thereby a reduction in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and serine-threonine kinase (AKT). These results suggest that GYII exerts anti-tumor growth and anti-metastatic effects in the murine breast cancer model. The anti-tumor activity of GYII and its decomposed recipes is, at least partly, associated with decreased heparanase and growth factor expression, which subsequently suppressed the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways.
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| 106. |
- Zhao, Cheng-Shou, et al.
(author)
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Thermal decomposition behaviors of a self-intumescent flame retardant epoxy resin
- 2022
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In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 139:18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on revealing the thermal decomposition behaviors of a self-intumescent flame retardant (IFR) epoxy (EP) resin (EP/15%APP-Cu2O) employing 12 wt% ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a halogen-free flame retardant and 3 wt% copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) as char forming rate regulator. Initially, the thermal stability of EP/15%APP-Cu2O was analyzed and compared to virgin EP resin and flame retardant EP (EP/15%APP) containing 15 wt% APP as flame retardant by thermogravimetric analysis test at different heating rates under nitrogen atmosphere. It was shown that the incorporation of APP altered the decomposition pathway of EP and decreased the onset decomposition temperature. Luckily, compared to EP/15%APP, the onset decomposition temperature of EP/15%APP-Cu2O was just slightly reduced from 300.4 to 292.8 degrees C. Then, the thermal degradation kinetics of EP, EP/15%APP and EP/15%APP-Cu2O were further evaluated by Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. It was worth noted that the addition of APP or APP-Cu2O enhanced the thermal degradation activation energies of EP, which contributed to the protective effect of the char formation. Particularly, the incorporation of 3 wt% Cu2O significantly decreased the thermal degradation activation energies at the early decomposition stage of EP. This may be the main contribution for intumescent char formation, which resulted in higher fire safety of EP/15%APP-Cu2O compared to EP/15%APP. These information can potentially help to develop alternative IFR systems.
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| 107. |
- Zhou, Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative : Powering genetic discovery across human disease
- 2022
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In: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-979X. ; 2:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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| 108. |
- Zhu, Zhi-Shuang, et al.
(author)
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The differences of carbon intensity reduction rate across 89 countries in recent three decades
- 2014
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 113:SI, s. 808-815
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the recent decades, most countries' CO2 intensity has decreased, but their decline rates are significantly different. Based on the data set of 89 countries from 1980 to 2008, this paper tries to quantitatively investigate the potential reasons for their differences, and discusses the possibility for developing countries to maintain a high carbon intensity reduction rate in the future as before. The econometric analysis implicate that (1) the decline rate of CO2 intensity in countries with high initial carbon intensity will be higher, which means CO2 intensity across the world has a significant convergence trend; and (2) keeping fast and steady economic growth can significantly help CO2 intensity decline, yet total carbon dioxide emissions will grow dramatically. Therefore, with the two objectives of intensity reduction and total amount control, carbon abatement policies need to weigh one against another. The results are robust to the initial year selection and country classification.
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| 109. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(author)
-
- 2015
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