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1.	Kwiecinski, Jakub, 1985 (author) Genetically modified abominations? Widespread opposition to GMOs might have deep-seated cultural causes. 2009 In: EMBO reports. - : EMBO. - 1469-3178 .- 1469-221X. ; 10:11, s. 1187-90 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is a widespread phenomenon, yet its basis is still not entirely clear. While it is usually attributed to irrational fears and political issues, it might have a deep-seated cultural causes. Exploration of the “anti – GMO” discourse reveals multiple similarities between the way genetic modifications are described by their opponents and the way impurity is depicted in ethnological theory of taboo. Those include “dirtiness”, “infectivity” and “trespassing boundaries”. Cultural identification of GMO with “impurity” and “taboo” partly explains the people’s hostility – and is an example of how new scientific achievements are assimilated by traditional cultural schemes.
2.	Karim, Sazzad, et al. (author) Improved drought tolerance without undesired side effects in transgenic plants producing trehalose 2007 In: Plant Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4412 .- 1573-5028. ; 64:4, s. 371-386 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Most organisms naturally accumulating trehalose upon stress produce the sugar in a two-step process by the action of the enzymes trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Transgenic plants overexpressing TPS have shown enhanced drought tolerance in spite of minute accumulation of trehalose, amounts believed to be too small to provide a protective function. However, overproduction of TPS in plants has also been found combined with pleiotropic growth aberrations. This paper describes three successful strategies to circumvent such growth defects without loosing the improved stress tolerance. First, we introduced into tobacco a double construct carrying the genes TPS1 and TPS2 (encoding TPP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both genes are regulated by an Arabidopsis RuBisCO promoter from gene AtRbcS1A giving constitutive production of both enzymes. The second strategy involved stress-induced expression by fusing the coding region of ScTPS1 downstream of the drought-inducible Arabidopsis AtRAB18 promoter. In transgenic tobacco plants harbouring genetic constructs with either ScTPS1 alone, or with ScTPS1 and ScTPS2 combined, trehalose biosynthesis was turned on only when the plants experienced stress. The third strategy involved the use of AtRbcS]A promoter together with a transit peptide in front of the coding sequence of ScTPS1, which directed the enzyme to the chloroplasts. This paper confirms that the enhanced drought tolerance depends on unknown ameliorated water retention as the initial water status is the same in control and transgenic plants and demonstrates the influence of expression of heterologous trehalose biosynthesis genes on Arabidopsis root development.
3.	Yin, Xiao-Jun, et al. (author) Ubiquitin lysine 63 chain forming ligases regulate apical dominance in Arabidopsis 2007 In: The Plant Cell. - Rockville : American society of plant biologists. - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 19:6, s. 1898-1911 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Lys-63-linked multiubiquitin chains play important roles in signal transduction in yeast and in mammals, but the functions for this type of chain in plants remain to be defined. The RING domain protein RGLG2 (for RING domain Ligase2) from Arabidopsis thaliana can be N-terminally myristoylated and localizes to the plasma membrane. It can form Lys-63-linked multiubiquitin chains in an in vitro reaction. RGLG2 has overlapping functions with its closest sequelog, RGLG1, and single mutants in either gene are inconspicuous. rglg1 rglg2 double mutant plants exhibit loss of apical dominance and altered phyllotaxy, two traits critically influenced by the plant hormone auxin. Auxin and cytokinin levels are changed, and the plants show a decreased response to exogenously added auxin. Changes in the abundance of PIN family auxin transport proteins and synthetic lethality with a mutation in the auxin transport regulator BIG suggest that the directional flow of auxin is modulated by RGLG activity. Modification of proteins by Lys-63-linked multiubiquitin chains is thus important for hormone-regulated, basic plant architecture.
4.	Albert, Frank W., et al. (author) Genetic architecture of tameness in a rat model of animal domestication 2009 In: Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-6731 .- 1943-2631. ; 182:2, s. 541-554 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A common feature of domestic animals is tameness - i.e., they tolerate and are unafraid of human presence and handling. To gain insight into the genetic basis of tameness and aggression, we studied an intercross between two lines of rats (Rattus norvegicus) selected over >60 generations for increased tameness and increased aggression against humans, respectively. We measured 45 traits, including tameness and aggression, anxiety-related traits, organ weights, and levels of serum components in >700 rats from an intercross population. Using 201 genetic markers, we identified two significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tameness. These loci overlap with QTL for adrenal gland weight and for anxiety-related traits and are part of a five-locus epistatic network influencing tameness. An additional QTL influences the occurrence of white coat spots, but shows no significant effect on tameness. The loci described here are important starting points for finding the genes that cause tameness in these rats and potentially in domestic animals in general.
5.	Geibler, Justus von, et al. (author) Accounting for the social dimension of sustainability: experiences from the biotechnology industry 2006 In: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1099-0836 .- 0964-4733. ; 15:5, s. 334-346 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Accounting for the social dimension of sustainability proves to be a challenge for corporate practitioners, due to its intangible, qualitative nature and lack of consensus on relevant criteria. We suggest a semi-quantitative approach based on stakeholder involvement to identify relevant aspects for a sector specific assessment of the social dimension. Our case study on biotechnology illustrates that the dialogue with internal and external stakeholders enabled the creation of a key performance indicator (KPI) set to account for social sustainability in the early design stages of biotechnological processes and product development. Indicators for eight aspects are identified for the social assessment: health and safety, quality of working conditions, impact on employment, education and training, knowledge management, innovation potential, customer acceptance and societal product benefit, and social dialogue. We describe the integration of the KPI set in a software application, tailor made for practitioners of the sector, and highlight first user experiences. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
6.	Palsdottir, Vilborg, 1979, et al. (author) Maternal Saturated-Fat Diet During Lactation Improves Glucose Tolerance and Influences Gene Expression in Adult Mice 2009 In: Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics. - 1661-6499 .- 1661-6758. ; 2:4-5, s. 216-216 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
7.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (author) Oxidativ stress bakom cancer, allergi och åldrande 2008 In: Tidningen Cancer- och Allergifonden informerar, 2008 nr 2. ; , s. 12-13 Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Oxidativ stress är en beteckning för bildning och förekomst av främst syreradikaler i kroppen. Dessa reaktiva ämnen skadar arvsmassa, enzymer och andra proteiner, blodfetter och biologiska membraner. De är därför en grundorsak till cancer, allergier, åderförfettning och cellens åldrande.Antioxidanter motverkar bildning av och eliminerar redan bildade syreradikaler. Mindre känt är att bildning av radikaler kan förebyggas och motverkas även på en rad andra sätt.
8.	Råberg, Ulrika, et al. (author) Early soft rot colonization of Scots sapwood pine in above-ground exposure 2009 In: International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-8305 .- 1879-0208. ; 63:2, s. 236-240 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The early colonization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) sapwood exposed above ground (staple bed) was studied. Two different types of exposures were used, one in an open field and the other in a shaded field. Decay type and degree of degradation due to soft rot and mass and strength loss of wood were correlated. Fungal species in Scots pine sapwood were identified by sequencing, using the fungal nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) after 24 months. The most abundant decay type found was soft rot, which also agreed with the mass loss (7-8%). Pine sapwood did not differ significantly between the two sites regarding the average mass loss during the time of exposure. The early colonization of wood by soft rot fungi together with mass loss indicates that this fungal type might be more common in above-ground conditions than recognized earlier.
9.	Jonsell, Bengt, et al. (author) Nomenclatural notes to Flora Nordica Vol. 6 (Thymelaeaceae-Apiaceae) 2009 In: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 27:2, s. 138-140 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The following names in Flora Nordica Vol. 6 are subject to nomenclatural action: Helianthemum oelandicum var. canescens (typified), Epilobium hornemannii (typified), Oenothera nuda (validated), Myriophyllum spicatum (emendation of typification), Viola rupestris subsp. relicta (typified), Hippophae rhamnoides (typified), Angelica archangelica subsp. littoralis (typified). - Flora Nordica Note no. 35.
10.	Klenell, Markus, et al. (author) Involvement of the chloroplast signal recognition particle cpSRP43 in acclimation to conditions promoting photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis 2005 In: Plant and Cell Physiology. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0781 .- 1471-9053. ; 46:1, s. 118-129 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this study, we have investigated the role of the CAO gene (coding for the chloroplast recognition particle cpSRP43) in the protection against and acclimation to environmental conditions that promote photooxidative stress. Deficiency of cpSRP43 in the Arabidopsis mutant chaos has been shown previously to lead to partial loss of a number of proteins of the photosystem II (PSII) antennae. In addition, as reported here, mutant plants have lower growth rates and reduced lignin contents under laboratory conditions. However, chaos seedlings showed significantly higher tolerance to photooxidative stress under both tightly controlled laboratory conditions and highly variable conditions in the field. This greater tolerance of chaos plants was manifested in less photooxidative damage together with faster growth recovery in young seedlings. It was also associated with a lower production of H2O2, lower ascorbate levels and less induction of ascorbate peroxidases. Under field conditions, chaos exhibited better overall photosynthetic performance and had higher survival rates. Expression of the CAO gene may be regulated by a light-dependent chloroplastic redox signalling pathway, and was inhibited during acclimation to high light and chilling temperatures, simultaneously with induction of ascorbate peroxidases. It is concluded that the presence/absence of the CAO gene has an impact on photo-produced H2O2, lignification in the hypocotyls and on the plant's susceptibility to photooxidative stress. Therefore, regulation of the CAO gene may be part of the plant's system for acclimation to high light and chilling temperatures.
11.	Cañas, Rafael A, et al. (author) Molecular and functional analyses support a role of Ornithine-{delta}-aminotransferase in the provision of glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis during pine germination 2008 In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 148:1, s. 77-88 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We report the molecular characterization and functional analysis of a gene (PsdeltaOAT) from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) encoding Orn-delta-aminotransferase (delta-OAT; EC 2.6.1.13), an enzyme of arginine metabolism. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative N-terminal signal peptide for mitochondrial targeting. The polypeptide is similar to other delta-OATs from plants, yeast, and mammals and encoded by a single-copy gene in pine. PsdeltaOAT encodes a functional delta-OAT as determined by expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and analysis of the active enzyme. The expression of PsdeltaOAT was undetectable in the embryo, but highly induced at early stages of germination and seedling development in all different organs. Transcript levels decreased in later developmental stages, although an increase was observed in lignified stems of 90-d-old plants. An increase of delta-OAT activity was observed in germinating embryos and seedlings and appears to mirror the observed alterations in PsdeltaOAT transcript levels. Similar expression patterns were also observed for genes encoding arginase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Transcripts of PsdeltaOAT and the arginase gene were found widely distributed in different cell types of pine organs. Consistent with these results a metabolic pathway is proposed for the nitrogen flow from the megagametophyte to the developing seedling, which is also supported by the relative abundance of free amino acids in embryos and seedlings. Taken together, our data support that delta-OAT plays an important role in this process providing glutamate for glutamine biosynthesis during early pine growth.
12.	Arshadi, Mehrdad, et al. (author) Emission of Volatile Aldehydes and Ketones from Wood Pellets under Controlled Conditions 2009 In: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 53, s. 797-805 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Different qualities of biofuel pellets were made from pine and spruce sawdust according to an industrial experimental design. The fatty/resin acid compositions were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for both newly produced pellets and those after 2 and 4 weeks of storage. The aldehydes/ketones compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. The designs were analyzed for the response variables: total fatty/resin acids and total aldehydes/ketones. The design showed a strong correlation between the pine fraction in the pellets and the fatty/resin acid content but the influence decreased over storage time. The amount of fatty/resin acids decreased similar to 40% during 4 weeks. The influence of drying temperature on the aldehyde/ketone emission of fresh pellets was also shown. The amounts of emitted aldehydes/ketones generally decreased by 45% during storage as a consequence of fatty/resin acid oxidation. The matrices of individual concentrations were subjected to multivariate data analysis. This showed clustering of the different experimental runs and demonstrated the important mechanism of fatty/resin acid conversion.
13.	von Schantz, Laura, et al. (author) Affinity maturation generates greatly improved xyloglucan-specific carbohydrate binding modules 2009 In: BMC Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6750. ; 9 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Molecular evolution of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) is a new approach for the generation of glycan-specific molecular probes. To date, the possibility of performing affinity maturation on CBM has not been investigated. In this study we show that binding characteristics such as affinity can be improved for CBM generated from the CBM4-2 scaffold by using random mutagenesis in combination with phage display technology. Results: Two modified proteins with greatly improved affinity for xyloglucan, a key polysaccharide abundant in the plant kingdom crucial for providing plant support, were generated. Both improved modules differ from other existing xyloglucan probes by binding to galactose-decorated subunits of xyloglucan. The usefulness of the evolved binders was verified by staining of plant sections, where they performed better than the xyloglucan-binding module from which they had been derived. They discriminated non-fucosylated from fucosylated xyloglucan as shown by their ability to stain only the endosperm, rich in non-fucosylated xyloglucan, but not the integument rich in fucosylated xyloglucan, on tamarind seed sections. Conclusion: We conclude that affinity maturation of CBM selected from molecular libraries based on the CBM4-2 scaffold is possible and has the potential to generate new analytical tools for detection of plant carbohydrates.
14.	Henriksson, Maria, 1979- (author) Production and engineering of a xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase from Populus tremula x tremuloides 2007 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The aim of this work was to develop a production process for the enzyme xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase from Populus tremula x tremuloides (PttXET16-34). The natural transglycosylating activity of this enzyme has previously been employed in a XET-Technology. This chemo enzymatic method is useful for biomimetic modification of cellulose surfaces and holds great potential for industrial applications. Thus, it requires that the XET-enzyme can be produced in larger scale.This work also shows how the wildtype PttXET16-34 was modified into a glycosynthase. By mutation of the catalytic nucleophile into an alanine, glycine or serine residue, enzymes capable of synthesising defined xyloglucan fragments were obtained. These defined compounds are very valuable for further detailed studies of xyloglucan active-enzymes, but are also useful in molecular studies of the structurally important xyloglucan-cellulose interaction.A heterologous production system for PttXET16-34 was previously developed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. A methanol-limited fed-batch process was also previously established, but the yield of active XET was low due to proteolysis problems and low productivity. Therefore, two alternative fed-batch techniques were investigated for the production of PttXET16-34: a temperature-limited fed-batch (TLFB) and an oxygen-limited high-pressure fed-batch (OLHPFB).For the initial recovery of XET after the fermentation process, two different downstream processes were investigated: expanded bed adsorption (EBA) and cross-flow filtration (CFF).
15.	Whitty, Kevin, et al. (author) Influence of pressure on pyrolysis of black liquor : 1. Swelling 2008 In: Bioresource Technology. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:3, s. 663-670 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This is the first of two papers concerning the behavior of black liquor during pyrolysis under pressurized conditions. Two industrial kraft liquors were pyrolyzed in a laboratory-scale pressurized single particle reactor and a pressurized grid heater at temperatures ranging from 650 to 1100 degrees C and at pressures between 1 and 20 bar. The dimensions of the chars produced were measured and the specific swollen volume was calculated. Swelling decreased roughly logarithmically over the pressure range 1-20 bar. An expression is developed to predict the specific swollen volume at elevated pressure when the volume at 1 bar is known. The bulk density of the char increased with pressure, indicating that liquors will be entrained less easily at higher pressures.
16.	Whitty, Kevin, et al. (author) Influence of pressure on pyrolysis of black liquor : 2. Char yields and component release 2008 In: Bioresource Technology. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:3, s. 671-679 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This is the second in a series of papers concerning the behavior of black liquor during pyrolysis at elevated pressures. Two industrial black liquors were pyrolyzed under pressurized conditions in two laboratory-scale devices, a pressurized single-particle reactor and a pressurized grid heater. Temperatures ranging between 650 and 1100 degrees C and pressures in the range 1-20 bar were studied. Char yields were calculated and based on analysis of some of the chars the fate of carbon, sodium, potassium and sulfur was determined as a function of pyrolysis pressure. At temperatures below 800 degrees C little variation in char yield was observed at different pressures. At higher temperatures char yield increased with pressure due to slower decomposition of sodium carbonate. For the same reason, sodium release decreased with pressure. Sulfur release, however, increased with pressure primarily because there was less opportunity for its capture in the less-swollen chars.
17.	Ahlqvist, Josefin, et al. (author) Affinity binding of inclusion bodies on supermacroporous monolithic cryogels using labeling with specific antibodies 2006 In: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 122:2, s. 216-225 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A new chromatographic method based on affinity supermacroporous monolithic cryogels is developed for binding and analyzing inclusion bodies during fermentation. The work demonstrated that it is possible to bind specific IgG and IgY antibodies to the 15 and 17 amino acids at the terminus ends of a 33 kDa target protein aggregated as inclusion bodies. The antibody treated inclusion bodies from lysed fermentation broth can be specifically retained in protein A and pseudo-biospecific ligand sulfamethazine modified supermacroporous cryogels. The degree of binding of IgG and IgY treated inclusion bodies to the Protein A and sulfamethazine gels are investigated, as well as the influence of pH on the sulfamethazine ligand. Optimum binding of 78 and 72% was observed on both protein A and sulfamethazine modified cryogel columns, respectively, using IgG labeling of the inclusion bodies. The antibody treated inclusion bodies pass through unretained in the sulfamethazine supermacroporous gel at pH that does not favour the binding between the ligand on the gel and the antibodies on the surface of inclusion bodies. Also the unlabeled inclusion bodies went through the gel unretained, showing no non-specific binding or trapping within the gel. These findings may very well be the foundation for the building of a powerful analytical tool during fermentation of inclusion bodies as well as a convenient way to purify them from fermentation broth. These results also support our earlier findings [Kumar, A., Plieva, F.M., Galaev, I.Yu., Mattiasson, B.. 2003. Affinity fractionation of lymphocytes using a monolithic cyogel. J. Immunol. Methods 283, 185-194] with mammalian cells that were surface labeled with specific antibodies and recognized on protein A supermacroporous gels. A general binding and separation system can be established on antibody binding cryogel affinity matrices.
18.	Ahlgren, Serina (author) Crop production without fossil fuel : production systems for tractor fuel and mineral nitrogen based on biomass 2009 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)
19.	Ahad, Abdul, et al. (author) Actin is bundled in activation-tagged tobacco mutants that tolerate aluminum 2007 In: Planta. - New York : Springer. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 225:2, s. 451-468 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A panel of aluminum-tolerant (AlRes) mutants was isolated by protoplast-based T-DNA activation tagging in the tobacco cultivar SR1. The mutants fell into two phenotypic classes: a minority of the mutants were fertile and developed similarly to the wild type (type I), the majority was male-sterile and grew as semi-dwarfs (type II). These traits, along with the aluminum tolerance, were inherited in a monogenic dominant manner. Both types of mutants were characterized by excessive bundling of actin microfilaments and by a strongly increased abundance of actin, a phenotype that could be partially phenocopied in the wild type by treatment with aluminum chloride. The actin bundles could be dissociated into finer strands by addition of exogenous auxin in both types of mutants. However, actin microfilaments and leaf expansion were sensitive to blockers of actin assembly in the wild type and in the mutants of type I, whereas they were more tolerant in the mutants of type II. The mutants of type II displayed a hypertrophic development of vasculature, manifest in form of supernumerary leaf veins and extended xylem layers in stems and petioles. Whereas mutants of type I were characterized by a normal, but aluminum-tolerant polar auxin-transport, auxin-transport was strongly promoted in the mutants of type II. The phenotype of these mutants is discussed in terms of reduced endocytosis leading, concomitantly with aluminum tolerance, to changes in polar auxin transport.
20.	Andersson-Gunneras, S., et al. (author) Biosynthesis of cellulose-enriched tension wood in Populus : global analysis of transcripts and metabolites identifies biochemical and developmental regulators in secondary wall biosynthesis 2006 In: The Plant Journal. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 45:2, s. 144-165 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Stems and branches of angiosperm trees form tension wood (TW) when exposed to a gravitational stimulus. One of the main characteristics of TW, which distinguishes it from normal wood, is the formation of fibers with a thick inner gelatinous cell wall layer mainly composed of crystalline cellulose. Hence TW is enriched in cellulose, and deficient in lignin and hemicelluloses. An expressed sequence tag library made from TW-forming tissues in Populus tremula (L.) x tremuloides (Michx.) and data from transcript profiling using microarray and metabolite analysis were obtained during TW formation in Populus tremula (L.) in two growing seasons. The data were examined with the aim of identifying the genes responsible for the change in carbon
21.	Andreazza, N, et al. (author) Production of imidazole alkaloids in cell cultures of jaborandi as affected by the medium pH 2009 In: Biotechnology letters. - : Springer. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 31:4, s. 607-614 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The effect of pH (from 4.8 to 9.8) on the production of pilosine and pilocarpine and on their partition between cell and medium was studied in two lineages (P and PP) of Pilocarpus microphyllus cell suspension cultures. Highest mass accumulation was observed at high pHs and both lineages produced pilocarpine while only lineage PP produced pilosine. Both alkaloids were released in the medium but higher accumulation occurred in the cells. The highest production of pilocarpine was at pH 8.8-9.8 in both cell lineages. Other imidazole alkaloids were also identified in both lineages. At all pHs tested, the pH in the media cultures tended to stabilize around 6 after 10-15 days of cultivation. NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+) variation in the media might partially explain the pH stabilization.
22.	Aspeborg, Henrik, et al. (author) Carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the secondary cell wall biogenesis in hybrid aspen 2005 In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 137:3, s. 983-997 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Wood formation is a fundamental biological process with significant economic interest. While lignin biosynthesis is currently relatively well understood, the pathways leading to the synthesis of the key structural carbohydrates in wood fibers remain obscure. We have used a functional genomics approach to identify enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and remodeling during xylem development in the hybrid aspen Populus tremula x tremuloides. Microarrays containing cDNA clones from different tissue-specific libraries were hybridized with probes obtained from narrow tissue sections prepared by cryosectioning of the developing xylem. Bioinformatic analyses using the sensitive tools developed for carbohydrate-active enzymes allowed the identification of 25 xylem-specific glycosyltransferases belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GT2, GT8, GT14, GT31, GT43, GT47, and GT61 and nine glycosidases (or transglycosidases) belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GH9, GH10, GH16, GH17, GH19, GH28, GH35, and GH51. While no genes encoding either polysaccharide lyases or carbohydrate esterases were found among the secondary wall-specific genes, one putative O-acetyltransferase was identified. These wood-specific enzyme genes constitute a valuable resource for future development of engineered fibers with improved performance in different applications.
23.	Aspeborg, Henrik, 1970-, et al. (author) Vegetabile material, plants and a method of producing a plant having altered lignin properties 2008 Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract The present invention is related to a set of genes, which when modified in plants gives altered lignin properties. The invention provides DNA construct such as a vector useful in the method of the invention. Further, the invention relates to a plant cell or plant progeny of the plants and wood produced by the plants according to the invention Lower lignin levels will result in improved saccharification for bio-refining and ethanol production and improved pulp and paper. Increased lignin levels will utilise lignin properties for energy production. The genes and DNA constructs may be used for the identification of plants having altered lignin characteristics as compared to the wild-type. According to the invention genes and DNA constructs may also be used as candidate genes in marker assisted breeding.
24.	Bautista, Rocío, et al. (author) Toward a Pinus pinaster bacterial artificial chromosome library 2007 In: Annals of Forest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 64:8, s. 855-864 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Conifers are of great economic and ecological importance, but little is known concerning their genomic organization. This study is an attempt to obtain high-quality high-molecular-weight DNA from Pinus pinaster cotyledons and the construction of a pine BAC library. The preparation incorporates modifications like low centrifugation speeds, increase of EDTA concentration for plug maintenance, use of DNase inhibitors to reduce DNA degradation, use of polyvinylpyrrolidone and ascorbate to avoid secondary metabolites, and a brief electrophoresis of the plugs prior to their use. A total of 72 192 clones with an average insert size of 107 kb, which represents an equivalent of 11X pine haploid genomes, were obtained. The proportions of clones lacking inserts or containing chloroplast DNA are both approximately 1.6%. The library was screened with cDNA probes for seven genes, and two clones containing Fd-GOGAT sequences were found, one of them seemingly functional. Ongoing projects aimed at constructing a pinebacterial artificial chromosome library may benefit from the methods described here.
25.	Bergqvist, AS, et al. (author) Detection of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in the bovine oviductal epithelium 2005 In: Journal of reproduction and development. - Ibaraki , Japan : Society for Reproduction and Development. - 0916-8818 .- 1348-4400. ; 51:4, s. 445-453 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Hyaluronan is involved in fundamental reproductive events such as sperm storage in the female reproductive tract, fertilization, and early embryo development, these functions are presumably mediated by its major cell surface receptor, CD44. The present study was conducted to investigate the presence and localization of CD44 in the bovine oviductal epithelium, using immunohistochemical and Western blot methods on tissue sections and epithelial cell extracts collected from the uterotubal junction (UTJ), isthmus, and ampulla of animals in the oestrus or luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. While positive immunolabelling for CD44 was found on the ad-luminal surface and supra-nuclear region of epithelial cells in all tubal segments investigated, in the UTJ, there were epithelial cells in which the entire cytoplasm positively stained. We found no differences in terms of CD44-positive staining between the different stages of the oestrous cycle. Presence of CD44 was detected by Western blotting in the tubal epithelium as a single band at 200 kDa. Although it appeared in all tubal segments, the expression of CD44 protein was more accentuated in the sperm reservoir (UTJ) than in the other segments. This is the first time CD44 has been detected in the epithelium of the tubal sperm reservoir in cattle, suggesting a pathway for the action of hyaluronan in this segment.
26.	Chow, Wah Soon, et al. (author) Photoinactivation of photosystem II in leaves 2005 In: Photosynthesis Research. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 84:1-3, s. 35-41 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PS II), the light-induced loss of ability to evolve oxygen, inevitably occurs under any light environment in nature, counteracted by repair. Under certain conditions, the extent of photoinactivation of PS II depends on the photon exposure (light dosage, x), rather than the irradiance or duration of illumination per se, thus obeying the law of reciprocity of irradiance and duration of illumination, namely, that equal photon exposure produces an equal effect. If the probability of photoinactivation (p) of PS II is directly proportional to an increment in photon exposure (p = kDeltax, where k is the probability per unit photon exposure), it can be deduced that the number of active PS II complexes decreases exponentially as a function of photon exposure: N = Noexp(-kx). Further, since a photon exposure is usually achieved by varying the illumination time (t) at constant irradiance (I), N = Noexp(-kI t), i.e., N decreases exponentially with time, with a rate coefficient of photoinactivation kI, where the product kI is obviously directly proportional to I. Given that N = Noexp(-kx), the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II can be defined as -dN/dx = kN, which varies with the number of active PS II complexes remaining. Typically, the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II is ca. 0.1micromol PS II per mol photons at low photon exposure when repair is inhibited. That is, when about 10(7) photons have been received by leaf tissue, one PS II complex is inactivated. Some species such as grapevine have a much lower quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II, even at a chilling temperature. Examination of the longer-term time course of photoinactivation of PS II in capsicum leaves reveals that the decrease in N deviates from a single-exponential decay when the majority of the PS II complexes are inactivated in the absence of repair. This can be attributed to the formation of strong quenchers in severely-photoinactivated PS II complexes, able to dissipate excitation energy efficiently and to protect the remaining active neighbours against damage by light.
27.	Crutsinger, G M, et al. (author) Ecosystem retrogression leads to increased insect abundance and herbivory across an island chronosequence 2008 In: Functional Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 22:5, s. 816-823 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract 1. Ecosystem retrogression, the decline-phase of ecosystem development, occurs during the long-term absence of catastrophic disturbance. It usually involves increased nutrient limitation over time, and leads to reductions in primary productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling.2. As a consequence, retrogression can alter the quality and abundance of host plants as food resources, but little is known about how these changes influence herbivore densities and foliage consumption.3. In this study, we used a 5000-year-old chronosequence of forested islands in northern Sweden on which retrogression occurs in the absence of lightning-induced wildfire. We asked whether retrogression affected the abundance and herbivory of a dominant herbivorous weevil (Deporaus betulae) and the quality and productivity of a dominant host-tree, mountain birch (Betula pubescens).4. Betula pubescens trees on retrogressed islands were less productive and produced smaller, tougher leaves that were lower in nutrients and higher in secondary metabolites than did those trees on earlier-successional islands.5. Despite the lower density and what ecologists might perceive as poorer quality of host plants, we observed several-fold higher weevil abundance and damage on retrogressed islands. This suggests that weevils might prefer the poorer quality leaves with higher secondary metabolites that occur on nutrient stressed host trees.6. Our results show that ecosystem retrogression increases susceptibility of B. pubescens trees to attack by herbivorous weevils.7. Our study provides evidence that ecosystem retrogression and associated shifts in the quantity and quality of available resources can operate as an important driver of abundance of a dominant insect herbivore.
28.	Eklund, Magnus (author) SHI/STY-family members redundantly regulate auxin homeostasis in basal and higher plants 2009 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The hormone auxin plays fundamental roles in plant development by stimulating growth and differentiation of cells and tissues. Auxin action appears to rely on the formation of auxin gradients and/or concentration maxima, in large created by polar auxin transport. However, recent studies suggest that auxin synthesis also commence at sites of high auxin signaling and that spatiotemporal control of auxin biosynthesis may be required in the formation or maintenance of certain auxin maxima. The SHI/STY-family member STYLISH1 (STY1) has previously been shown to induce the activity of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 in lateral organs of Arabidopsis thaliana. This thesis describe the functional characterization of members of the embryophyte specific SHI/STY-family in the model species A. thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. Phenotypic analysis of A. thaliana plants carrying mutations in SHI/STY-family genes revealed that the gene products act highly redundant and in a dose-dependent manner in flower and leaf development. Protein studies showed that SHI/STY proteins regulate auxin biosynthesis by acting as transcriptional activators interacting with the YUC4 promoter. Additionally, promoters of other auxin biosynthesis-related genes were activated by STY1. The sequence targeted by STY1 was identified by comparing target gene promoters. Mutations in the identified element abolished STY1-YUC4 interaction in yeast. A conserved promoter element was also discovered in most SHI/STY members, including STY1. This element was shown to be essential for gene expression in most aerial organs and could be the target of AP2/ERF-family members. Identical expression patterns and knock-out mutant phenotypes of the moss P. patens SHI/STY-family members indicated that they act redundantly, as in A. thaliana. The knock-out and overexpressor lines showed phenotypes related to reduced and increased auxin levels, respectively, and the overexpressor lines indeed displayed elevated auxin levels. The SHI/STY genes of moss and higher plants are very similar and we suggest that they perform conserved functions.
29.	Felten, Judith, et al. (author) The ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor stimulates lateral root formation in poplar and arabidopsis through auxin transport and signaling 2009 In: Plant Physiology. - Rockville : American society of plant biologists. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 151:4, s. 1991-2005 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The early phase of the interaction between tree roots and ectomycorrhizal fungi, prior to symbiosis establishment, is accompanied by a stimulation of lateral root (LR) development. We aimed to identify gene networks that regulate LR development during the early signal exchanges between poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor with a focus on auxin transport and signaling pathways. Our data demonstrated that increased LR development in poplar and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) interacting with L. bicolor is not dependent on the ability of the plant to form ectomycorrhizae. LR stimulation paralleled an increase in auxin accumulation at root apices. Blocking plant polar auxin transport with 1-naphthylphthalamic acid inhibited LR development and auxin accumulation. An oligoarray-based transcript profile of poplar roots exposed to molecules released by L. bicolor revealed the differential expression of 2,945 genes, including several components of polar auxin transport (PtaPIN and PtaAUX genes), auxin conjugation (PtaGH3 genes), and auxin signaling (PtaIAA genes). Transcripts of PtaPIN9, the homolog of Arabidopsis AtPIN2, and several PtaIAAs accumulated specifically during the early interaction phase. Expression of these rapidly induced genes was repressed by 1-naphthylphthalamic acid. Accordingly, LR stimulation upon contact with L. bicolor in Arabidopsis transgenic plants defective in homologs of these genes was decreased or absent. Furthermore, in Arabidopsis pin2, the root apical auxin increase during contact with the fungus was modified. We propose a model in which fungus-induced auxin accumulation at the root apex stimulates LR formation through a mechanism involving PtaPIN9-dependent auxin redistribution together with PtaIAA-based auxin signaling.
30.	Gauslaa, Yngvar, et al. (author) Size-dependent growth of two old-growth associated macrolichen species 2009 In: New Phytologist. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 181:3, s. 683-692 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Relationships between thallus size and growth variables were analysed for the foliose Lobaria pulmonaria and the pendulous Usnea longissima with the aim of elucidating their morphogenesis and the factors determining thallus area (A) versus biomass (dry weight (DW) gain. Size and growth data originated from a factorial transplantation experiment that included three boreal climate zones (Atlantic, suboceanic and continental), each with three successional forest stands (clear-cut, young and old). When A was replaced by the estimated photobiont layer area in an area-DW scatterplot including all thalli (n = 1080), the two separate species clusters merged into one, suggesting similar allocation patterns between photobionts and mycobionts across growth forms. During transplantation, stand-specific water availability boosted area gain in foliose transplants, consistent with a positive role of water in fungal expansion. In pendulous lichens, A gain greatly exceeded DW gain, particularly in small transplants. The A gain in U. longissima increased with increasing DW:A ratio, consistent with a reallocation of carbon, presumably mobilized from the dense central chord. Pendulous lichens with cylindrical photobiont layers harvest light from all sides. Rapid and flexible three-dimensional A gain allows the colonization of spaces between canopy branches to utilize temporary windows of light in a growing canopy. Foliose lichens with a two-dimensional photobiont layer have more coupled A and DW gains.
31.	Geisler-Lee, Jane, et al. (author) Poplar carbohydrate-active enzymes. Gene identification and expression analyses. 2006 In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 140:3, s. 946-62 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Over 1,600 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in the Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) genome were identified based on sequence homology, annotated, and grouped into families of glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases, and expansins. Poplar (Populus spp.) had approximately 1.6 times more CAZyme genes than Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Whereas most families were proportionally increased, xylan and pectin-related families were underrepresented and the GT1 family of secondary metabolite-glycosylating enzymes was overrepresented in poplar. CAZyme gene expression in poplar was analyzed using a collection of 100,000 expressed sequence tags from 17 different tissues and compared to microarray data for poplar and Arabidopsis. Expression of genes involved in pectin and hemicellulose metabolism was detected in all tissues, indicating a constant maintenance of transcripts encoding enzymes remodeling the cell wall matrix. The most abundant transcripts encoded sucrose synthases that were specifically expressed in wood-forming tissues along with cellulose synthase and homologs of KORRIGAN and ELP1. Woody tissues were the richest source of various other CAZyme transcripts, demonstrating the importance of this group of enzymes for xylogenesis. In contrast, there was little expression of genes related to starch metabolism during wood formation, consistent with the preferential flux of carbon to cell wall biosynthesis. Seasonally dormant meristems of poplar showed a high prevalence of transcripts related to starch metabolism and surprisingly retained transcripts of some cell wall synthesis enzymes. The data showed profound changes in CAZyme transcriptomes in different poplar tissues and pointed to some key differences in CAZyme genes and their regulation between herbaceous and woody plants.
32.	Ishikawa, Yasuo, et al. (author) Functional analysis of the PsbP-like protein (sll1418) in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 2005 In: Photosynthesis Research. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 84:1-3, s. 257-262 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A recent proteomic analysis of the thylakoid lumen of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of several PsbP-like proteins, and a homologue to this gene family was detected in the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Schubert M, Petersson UA, Haas BJ, Funk C, Schroder WP, Kieselbach T (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 8354-8365). Using a peptide-directed antibody against this cyanobacterial PsbP-like protein (sll1418) we could show that it was localized in the thylakoid membrane and associated with Photosystem II. While salt washes did not remove the PsbP-like protein from the thylakoid membrane, it was partially lost during the detergent-based isolation of PSII membrane fractions. In total cell extracts this protein is present in the same amount as the extrinsic PsbO protein. We did not see any significant functional difference between the wild-type and a PsbP-like insertion mutant.
33.	Olivain, C, et al. (author) Colonization of tomato root by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains inoculated together and separately into the soil 2006 In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 72:2, s. 1523-1531 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In soil, fungal colonization of plant roots has been traditionally studied by indirect methods such as microbial isolation that do not enable direct observation of infection sites or of interactions between fungal pathogens and their antagonists. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the colonization of tomato roots in heat-treated soil and to observe the interactions between a nonpathogenic strain, Fo47, and a pathogenic strain, Fo18, inoculated onto tomato roots in soil. When inoculated separately, both fungi colonized the entire root surface, with the exception of the apical zone. When both strains were introduced together, they both colonized the root surface and were observed at the same locations. When Fo47 was introduced at a higher concentration than Fo18, it colonized much of the root surface, but hyphae of Fo18 could still be observed at the same location on the root. There was no exclusion of the pathogenic strain by the presence of the nonpathogenic strain. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that specific infection sites exist on the root for Fusarium oxysporum and instead support the hypothesis that competition occurs for nutrients rather than for infection sites.
34.	Pesquet, Edouard, et al. (author) Unravelling ethylene biosynthesis and its role during tracheary element formation in Zinnia elegans 2007 In: Advances in plant ethylene research. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402060137 - 9781402060144 ; , s. 147-149 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Xylem is the plant vascular tissue responsible for raw sap conduction. It comprises two main types of cells that are derived from differentiating cambium: tracheary elements (TEs) and fibres that have conducting and mechanical role, respectively. Xylem formation is a developmental process and is under strict hormonal control involving a stew of phytohormones including auxin, cytokinin and ethylene.
35.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (author) ANTIOXIDANTER mot aggressiva syreradikaler 2006 In: Tidningen Cancer- och Allergifonden informerar, 2006. ; , s. 5- Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Som komplement till det enzymatiska försvaret mot syreradikaler har kostens antioxidanter en huvudroll. De senaste åren har efterhand hundratals antioxidanter inom grupperna karotenoider och flavonoider identifierats. Artikeln visar hur vårt behov av viktiga ämnen från dessa grupper kan täckas via bra kostval.
36.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (author) Mat viktigaste faktorn bakom cancer 2007 In: Tidningen Cancer- och Allergifonden informerar, 2007. ; , s. 7- Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract Ett centralt problem är nu att kosten alltmer utgörs av raffinerade livsmedel. Dessa är mer eller mindre utarmade på antioxidanter, mineraler, vitaminer och andra näringsämnen och skyddsämnen. De täcker mer än väl vårt behov av energi men inte vårt behov av naturliga skyddsämnen. Resultatet blir ökad förekomst av cancer och andra kostrelaterade sjukdomar.
37.	Sahlqvist, AS, et al. (author) Identification of disease suseptibility genes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis using the obese strain of chickens as a model 2009 In: HORMONE RESEARCH. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 72, s. 215-215 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
38.	Verhertbruggen, Y, et al. (author) Developmental complexity of arabinan polysaccharides and their processing in plant cell walls 2009 In: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 59:3 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Plant cell walls are constructed from a diversity of polysaccharide components. Molecular probes directed to structural elements of these polymers are required to assay polysaccharide structures in situ, and to determine polymer roles in the context of cell wall biology. Here, we report on the isolation and the characterization of three rat monoclonal antibodies that are directed to 1,5-linked arabinans and related polymers. LM13, LM16 and LM17, together with LM6, constitute a set of antibodies that can detect differing aspects of arabinan structures within cell walls. Each of these antibodies binds strongly to isolated sugar beet arabinan samples in ELISAs. Competitive-inhibition ELISAs indicate the antibodies bind differentially to arabinans with the binding of LM6 and LM17 being effectively inhibited by short oligoarabinosides. LM13 binds preferentially to longer oligoarabinosides, and its binding is highly sensitive to arabinanase action, indicating the recognition of a longer linearized arabinan epitope. In contrast, the binding of LM16 to branched arabinan and to cell walls is increased by arabinofuranosidase action. The presence of all epitopes can be differentially modulated in vitro using glycoside hydrolase family 43 and family 51 arabinofuranosidases. In addition, the LM16 epitope is sensitive to the action of β-galactosidase. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that the antibodies can be used to detect epitopes in cell walls, and that the four antibodies reveal complex patterns of epitope occurrence that vary between organs and species, and relate both to the probable processing of arabinan structural elements and the differing mechanical properties of cell walls.
39.	Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al. (author) Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans 2008 In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 47:6, s. 294-300 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Several factors can affect glycemic and insulinemic responses from cereal foods. Some suggested factors lowering the responses are; intact botanical structure, high amylose/high β-glucan cereal varieties, organic acid produced during fermentation and food processes inducing retrogradation of starch. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of fermented whole grain cereal kernels with high content of amylose (40%) and/or β-glucan (4.6%) on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults. Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers (4 men and 9 women) were given 25 g available carbohydrate portions of: glucose solution; tempe fermented whole-grain barley and tempe fermented whole-grain oat. Blood samples were collected directly before the meal (fasting) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The GI (glycemic index) and II (insulin index) of meals were calculated for each subject according to FAO/WHO standards. Results: Peak glucose response was lowest after the tempe meal with high-amylose/ high-β-glucan barley tempe while insulin response was lowest after the meal with high β-glucan oat tempe. The mean blood glucose responses for both the barley and the oat tempe meals were significantly lower than from the reference glucose load (P < 0.0001) during the first 60 min. The calculated GI:s for barley and oat tempe were 30 and 63, respectively. Mean serum insulin responses from barley and oat tempe were significantly lower compared with the glucose load (P < 0.002) during the first 60 min, and the calculated II was lower for oat tempe (21) compared with barley tempe (55). Conclusions: The results suggest that cereal products with beneficial influence on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses can be tailored by fermentation and enclosure of high-amylose and/or high-β-glucan barley and oat kernels. © 2008 Spinger.
40.	Hulteberg, Christian, et al. (author) Gas Phase Process for Monoalcohol Production from Glycerol 2008 Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract A method of producing short chain alcohols from glycerol generated as a byproduct of biodiesel production is provided.
41.	Crooks, Lucy, et al. (author) Identification of disease suseptibility genes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis using the obese strain of chickens as a model 2009 In: Hormone Research. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 72, s. 215-215 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
42.	Denoyes-Rothan, B., et al. (author) Anthracnose on strawberry in France : Situation and perspectives 2006 In: Proceedings of the Vth International Strawberry Symposium. - : INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE. ; , s. 277-280 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, on strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) was first reported on fruit in France in 1981. Damage was later recorded on runners, petioles, foliage and crowns. The evolution of a disease control method, the molecular variability of C acutatum, the study of the interaction between pathogen and host, the different techniques of inoculation, and the last results concerning QTLs linked to resistance to C acutatum are reported, which cover 10 years of research in France.
43.	Dida, Mulatu Geleta, et al. (author) Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) based analysis of genetic diversity of Lobelia rhynchopetalum (Campanulaceae) 2009 In: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 146, s. 122-130 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An understanding of the patterns of genetic variation within and among populations of plant species is essential for devising optimum genetic management strategies for their conservation. Here, the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to study genetic variation of the Afroalpine giant lobelia, Lobelia rhynchopetalum, based on ten populations sampled from Bale and Simen mountains in Ethiopia. The percentage of polymorphic loci across all samples (P(S)) and within population (Pp) was 78% and 27%, respectively. Regardless of a high total genetic variation, the species has quite low variation within populations. All genetic variation analyses revealed higher variation among populations than within populations (G'(ST) = 0.59, G(ST) = 0.63, F(ST) = 0.58). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) that employed 156 ISSR markers revealed significant variations among populations; among the two mountain systems and among the three altitudinal groups (P < 0.001). The implications of these findings are discussed, especially from conservation point of view.
44.	Lerceteau-Köhler, Estelle, et al. (author) Identification of SCAR markers linked to Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene and their assessment in strawberry germplasm 2005 In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics. - : SPRINGER. - 0040-5752 .- 1432-2242. ; 111:5, s. 862-870 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Bulked segregant analysis combined with AFLPs was used to identify molecular markers linked to the Rca2 gene conferring resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum pathogenicity group 2 which causes anthracnose in the octoploid strawberry Fragaria x ananassa. DNA bulks originating from a cross between the resistant cultivar ‘Capitola’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘Pajaro’ were screened with 110 EcoRI/MseI AFLP combinations. Four AFLP markers were found linked in coupling phase to Rca2 with recombination percentages between 0% and 17.7%. Among the four markers linked to the resistance gene, two were converted into SCAR markers (STS-Rca2_417 and STS-Rca2_240) and screened in a large segregating population including 179 genotypes. The Rca2 resistance gene was estimated to be 0.6 cM from STS-Rca2_417 and 2.8 cM from STS-Rca2_240. The presence/absence of the two SCAR markers was further studied in 43 cultivars of F. x ananassa, including 14 susceptible, 28 resistant, and one intermediate genotype. Results showed that 81.4% and 62.8% of the resistant/susceptible genotypes were correctly predicted by using STS-Rca2_417 and STS-Rca2_240, respectively. The 14 susceptible genotypes showed no amplification for either SCARs. These developed SCARs constitute new tools for indirect selection criteria of anthracnose resistance genotypes in strawberry breeding programs.
45.	Lerceteau-Köhler, Estelle, et al. (author) QTL analysis for sugars and organic acids in strawberry fruits 2006 In: Proceedings of the Vth International Strawberry Symposium. - : INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE. ; , s. 573-577 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Improving fruit quality is an important goal for strawberry breeders. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit quality of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) have been identified. A segregating population of 213 individuals of a cross between ‘Capitola’ and ‘CF1116’, two genotypes with many contrasting fruit quality traits, was used in the study. Eleven traits related to sugar and acid content were evaluated for all progeny and for both parents. These traits were quantified by enzymatic and metabolic profiling using one-dimensional H-1-NMR. Depending on the trait, measurements were taken over two or three years. Progeny showed a large range of variation for most of the traits. The strongest positive correlations were observed between fructose and glucose contents, and citrate and sum of organic acids. A total of 30 significant QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping (LOD superior to LODthreshold =2.88) and spread over eight female linkage groups and seven male linkage groups in coupling phase with a percentage of variation explained by a QTL ranging from 5.7 to 14.1%. Strong co-locations of putative QTLs for fructose and glucose were detected, while other QTLs were detected for sucrose.
46.	Mgbeahuruike, Anthony Christian (author) A study of the traits associated with the biocontrol activity of Phlebiopsis gigantea 2009 Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Phlebiopsis gigantea has routinely been used for the biocontrol of the conifer pathogen, Heterobasidion annosum s.l. but the mechanism for the biocontrol action has not been properly understood. In the present work, 64 isolates of P. gigantea were screened for traits important for the biocontrol of H. annosum. Growth rate and the interaction patterns of H. annosum s.l. and P.gigantea were studied in both carbon rich (Hagem) and low carbon media (Norkrans). Laccase assay and wood degradation capabilities were performed on the 64 isolates. Data was analyzed with multiple regression and principal component analysis. Results showed a significant effect of culture composition on the outcome of the interaction, 90 % of the isolates were able to displace H. annosum s.s. in sawdust media after 20 days, as compared with only 4% recorded in the glucose rich Hagem media. High growth rate on sawdust, a lignified carbon source, correlated with high growth rate in ferulic acid, a lignin precursor (P = 0.078), high growth rate in xylan, a hemicellulose (P = 0.001) and percentage weight loss in pine (P = 0.01). Interaction in sawdust correlated with high wood degradation capability in pine and spruce with P-values (P = 0.01, P = 0.03) respectively, high growth rate in xylan (P = 0.01), laccase production (P = 0.08), interaction in Hagem (P = 0.01) and mean growth rate at 10 °C (P = 0.001). Additionally, the role of hydrophobin in the competitive interaction was further investigated. The genomic sequence of Phlebiopsis gigantea hydrophobins 1 and 2 (Pgh1 and Pgh2) from a subset of isolates selected on the basis of geographical origins and antagonistic abilities was investigated. Similarly, the expression of Pgh1 and Pgh2 under different substrate conditions was also studied using quantitative PCR. Sequence analysis was performed with Clustal W and inspected with Megalign (DNA Star). Expression data was analyzed using the relative quantification method- 2-ΔΔCt and tested for effects of isolates, genes and culture conditions using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in SAS. There was a close sequence similarity between hydrophobin genes of isolates having different antagonistic capabilities and from different geographical sources. Higher transcript levels of Pgh1 and Pgh2 were recorded in submerged cultures compared with aerial conditions. The effect of substrate on the expression of the two genes (Pgh1 and Pgh2) was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Differences in transcript levels of Pgh1 and Pgh2 were also observed among isolates belonging to different antagonistic categories. Overall, the results suggests that the antagonistic and competitive advantage of P. gigantea, hinged on the ability of the isolates to degrade the different structural components of wood. A significant correlation was also found between some high antagonistic isolates and the expression of hydrophobin genes (Pgh1 and Pgh2). The significance of these results in the biological control is discussed.
47.	Rousseau-Gueutin, Mathieu, et al. (author) Comparative genetic mapping between octoploid and diploid Fragaria species reveals a high level of colinearity between their genomes and the essentially disomic behavior of the cultivated octoploid strawberry 2008 In: Genetics. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0016-6731 .- 1943-2631. ; 179:4, s. 2045-2060 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Macrosynteny and colinearity between Fragaria (strawberry) species showing extreme levels of ploidy have been studied through comparative genetic mapping between the octoploid cultivated strawberry. (F x ananassa) and its diploid relatives. A comprehensive map of the octoploid strawberry, in which almost all linkage groups are ranged into the seven expected homoeologeous groups was obtained, thus providing were observed between homo(eo)logous linkage groups and between the octoploid homoeologous groups and their corresponding diploid linkage groups. These results reveal that the polyploidization events that took place along the evolution of the Fragaria genus and the more recent juxtaposition of two octoploid strawberry genomes in the cultivated strawberry did not trigger any major chromosomal rearrangements in genomes involved in F. x ananassa. They further suggest the existence of a close levels of polysomic segregation suggested by the observation of large linkage groups in coupling phase only, the prevalence of linkage groups in coupling/replusion phase clearly demonstrates that the meiotic behavior is mainly disomic in the cultivated strawberry.
48.	Ahlqvist, Josefin, et al. (author) Monitoring the production of inclusion bodies during fermentation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of intact inclusion bodies using cryogel minicolumn plates 2006 In: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0309 .- 0003-2697. ; 354:2, s. 229-237 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A novel minicolumn chromatgraphic method to monitor the production of inclusion bodies during fermentation and anenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system allowing direct analysis of the particles with surface-displayed antigens are described. A 33-kDa protein containing 306 amino acids with three sulfur bridges produced its inclusion bodies wits labeled with polyclonal antibodies against 15 amino acid (anti-A15) and 17 amino acid (anti-B17) residues at the N- and C-terminal ends of the protein, respectively. Labeled particles were bound to macroporous Monolithic protein A-cryogel adsorbents inserted into the open-ended wells of a 96-well plate (referred to as protein A-cryogel minicolumn plate). The concept behind this application is that the binding degree of inclusion bodies from lysed fermentation broth to the cryogel minicolumns increases with an increase in their concentration during fermentation. The technique allowed LIS to monitor the increase in the production levels of the inclusion bodies as the fermentation process progressed. The system also has a built-in quality parameter to ensure that the target protein has been fully expressed. Alternatively, inclusion bodies immobilized on phenyl-cryogel minicolumn plate were used in indirect ELISA based on anti-A15 and anti-B17 antibodies against terminal amino acid residues displayed oil the surface of inclusion bodies. Drainage-protected properties of the cryogel minicolumns allow performance of successive reactions with tested immunoglobulin G (IgG) samples and enzyme-conjugated secondary I-G and of enzymatic reaction within the adsorbent. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
49.	Eriksson, John, et al. (author) Comparison of genotyping methods by application to Salmonella livingstone strains associated with an outbreak of human salmonellosis 2005 In: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 104:1, s. 93-103 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract During 2000 and 2001, an outbreak of human salmonellosis occurred in Sweden and Norway, caused by Salmonella livingstone. In this study, the genotypic differences between three strains obtained from food sources during the outbreak, two human strains and 27 more or less unrelated strains were analysed, using the three methods; automated ribotyping, pulsed field get electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Each method was evaluated regarding its discriminatory ability, reproducibility and typeability. Simpson's discriminatory index calculated for each method was 0.556 for automated ribotyping, 0.766 for PFGE and 0.236 for RAPD. The reproducibility, defined as the minimum similarity between individual replicates in a cluster analysis, was 96% for automated ribotyping and PFGE, and 90% for RAPD. All the strains were typeable with each method. When combining results for the three genotyping methods, it was found that RAPD did not increase the discriminatory index and was therefore excluded from further analysis. Using a combination of the results obtained from ribotyping and PFGE (D = 0.855), two strains that had been isolated from feed factories during 1998 were shown to be identical to the outbreak strain, indicating a possible route of contamination due to a clone of Salmonella livingstone persisting in feed producing facilities. No connection to poultry was established. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
50.	Gustafson, Deborah, 1966 (author) Obesity and intelligence 2006 In: AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH. - 1722-6996. ; 17:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)

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