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| 2. |
- Komers, PE, et al.
(författare)
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Timing of estrus in fallow deer is adjusted to the age of available mates
- 1999
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Ingår i: AMERICAN NATURALIST. - : UNIV CHICAGO PRESS. - 0003-0147. ; 153:4, s. 431-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to manipulate the timing of ovulation should be a tool available to females during their choice of mates. Females should advance estrus when preferred males are available and delay estrus when only nonpreferred males are available. However, ov
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ripa, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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A general theory of environmental noise in ecological food webs.
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 151:3, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT We examine the effects of environmental noise on populations that are parts of simple two-species food webs. We assume that the species are strongly interacting and that one or the other population is affected by the noise signal. Further assuming that a stable equilibrium with positive population densities exists, we are able to perform a complete frequency analysis of the system. If only one of the populations is subject to noise, the relative noise response by both populations is fully determined by the sign of a single element of the Jacobian matrix. The analysis is readily extended to cases when both species are affected by noise or when the food web has more than two species. The general conclusion about relative responses to noise is then less unambiguous, but the power spectra describing the frequency composition of the population variabilities are nevertheless completely determined. These results are entirely independent on the exact nature of the interaction (i.e., predation, competition, mutualism) between the populations. The results show that the interpretation of the "color" of ecological time series (i.e., the frequency composition of population variability over time) may be complicated by species interactions. The propagation of noise signals through food webs and the importance of web structure for the expected response of all parts of the web to such signals is a challenging field for future studies.
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| 5. |
- Simmons, RE, et al.
(författare)
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Winning by a neck: Sexual selection in the evolution of giraffe
- 1996
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Ingår i: AMERICAN NATURALIST. - : UNIV CHICAGO PRESS. - 0003-0147. ; 148:5, s. 771-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A classic example of extreme morphological adaptation to the environment is the neck of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), a trait that most biologists since Darwin have attributed to competition with other mammalian browsers. However, in searching for
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