| 1. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(author)
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The Hierarchical Configuration of the Container Port Industry: An Application of Multiple Linkage Analysis (MLA)
- 2012
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In: Maritime Policy & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-8839 .- 1464-5254. ; 39:2, s. 169-187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper aims to provide a hierarchical configuration of the container port industry. It attempts to do so by determining a port hierarchy and then, utilising this, deriving the nature of the spatial interactions between sample ports in East Asia. The former is determined by assessing the relative importance of a port within the given network, and the latter is mainly based on the significance of network flow movements. Rather than focusing purely on the economic or topological meaning or significance of the available shipping capacity, this paper aims to determine port hierarchy by addressing the spatial profile of network flow data as a supplementary indicator. An approach based on graph theory—Multiple Linkage Analysis—is described and applied to examining the profile of capacity flow on each linkage within a sample network consisting of 39 major container ports on the main east–west routes. The value on a linkage is defined in terms of the available shipping capacity between pairs of ports within a given unit time. As the output from this analysis, all significant connections are separated out from the initial flow matrix. The position of a particular port within the network port hierarchy relies upon the number of significant flows connected to the port and the origins/destinations of those flows. The results reveal a strong correlation between the importance of a port as indicated by its position in the hierarchy and the number of significant connections into or out of it. A further clustering analysis, based on the above distinction, is performed for the hierarchical mapping of the container port industry in a selected area and to provide a better understanding of inter-port competition.
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| 2. |
- Giziakis, Costas, et al.
(author)
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Environmental awareness and practice concerning maritime air emissions: The case of the Greek shipping industry
- 2012
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In: Maritime Policy and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-8839 .- 1464-5254. ; 39, s. 315-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the most urgent environmental problems facing the shipping industry today is the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from its operations and the possible cost-effective ways in which this reduction could be accomplished. Various technical and operational measures have been proposed as well as market-based instruments for the achievement of the compliance of marine industry with these measures. This paper investigates the levels of environmental awareness of the Greek shipping companies and their views and practices on the proposed policies for the reduction of GHG emissions from their ships. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to Greek shipping companies of different sizes, involved in different segments of the marine industry, so that the survey's results not only represent a large part of the Greek shipping industry but also reveal the different environmental attitudes and practices on maritime GHG emissions among the shipping companies. Given the size and the importance of the Greek shipping industry in the international maritime field, this paper's results present a special significance as they could be further analyzed and taken into account for the achievement of the compliance of marine industry with any future policy instrument for the reduction of maritime GHG emissions. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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| 3. |
- Hassler, Björn
(author)
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Global regimes, regional adaptation : environmental safety in Baltic Sea oil transportation
- 2010
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In: Maritime Policy & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-8839 .- 1464-5254. ; 37:5, s. 489-503
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite significant efforts to improve environmental safety in marine oil transportation, the risk of a major accident with devastating oil spills has most likely increased. Building on the regime analytical approach where it is assumed that international collaboration may benefit participating countries, it is argued that bilateral and sub-regional initiatives may increase maritime safety significantly, compared to exclusive reliance on universal conventions. A distinction is made between on the one hand investments in safety-increasing infrastructure and local capacity building and on the other, vessel design, on-board installations and crew qualifications. It is suggested that bilateral and sub-regional initiatives are more likely to be taken on the former kind of objects, targeting issues, such as modernization of port facilities, monitoring support, assistance in emergency capacity building and designation of ports of refuge, because the interaction between the involved countries are comparably stable in the cases. Actual efforts to improve safety seem to follow the logic of separation between these two types of safety-increasing measures. It is concluded that similar drivers of bilateral and sub-regional initiatives targeting specific aspects of marine safety and contributing to overall collective benefits from improved environmental protection probably exist also in other regions than the Baltic Sea.
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| 4. |
- Johnson, Hannes, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Will the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan reduce CO2 emissions? A comparison with ISO 50001 and the ISM Code
- 2013
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In: Maritime Policy and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-8839 .- 1464-5254. ; 40:2, s. 177-190
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The IMO Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is the sole international regulatory instrument expected to affect rising CO2 emissions from shipping in the short-term. In this article, we discuss present gaps in the SEEMP guidelines through a comparison with the international standard for energy management systems, ISO 50001, and with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which sets requirements for safety management systems in shipping companies. We show that the SEEMP lacks crucial features found in typical management system standards, such as requirements on policy and management reviews. Moreover, best-practice in the form of the ISO 50001 addresses important aspects, such as monitoring, energy auditing, design, and procurement processes in much more detail. In the context of previous research on these instruments and on energy efficiency in general, we argue that these gaps may be detrimental to the success of the SEEMP, both from the societal perspective of CO2 abatement and from the perspective of companies’ success in energy management. This requires further attention by academia, policy-makers and industry.
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| 5. |
- Mellin, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Swedish ports' attitudes towards regulations of the shipping sector's emissions of CO2
- 2011
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In: Maritime Policy & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-8839 .- 1464-5254. ; 38:4, s. 437-450
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shipping is increasing today along with the sector's emissions of greenhouse gases. The awareness of the emissions has increased the pressure for regulations of the shipping industry. Regulating the sector is far from simple due to the complexity of the market and the evasive characteristics of the industry. We know from studies of road pricing that attitudes among stakeholders are important for a successive policy implementation. The objective of this paper is to capture the Swedish ports' attitudes towards regulations of the shipping sector's emissions of CO2. This has been done by conducting a survey among commercial ports in Sweden. To our knowledge, this is the first study of this kind. Our analysis indicates that ports in Sweden are generally positive towards an implementation of regulations to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the shipping industry. The ports where most positive towards CO2 differentiated port due (97%), followed by a technical standard (92%), CO2 taxation (84%) and EU ETS (The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; 74%).
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