| 1. |
- Cerna, K., et al.
(author)
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Changing Categorical Work in Healthcare: the Use of Patient-Generated Health Data in Cancer Rehabilitation
- 2020
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work-the Journal of Collaborative Computing and Work Practices. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724. ; 29, s. 563-586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Categorical work in chronic care is increasingly dependent on digital technologies for remote patient care. However, remote care takes many forms and while various types of digital technologies are currently being used, we lack a nuanced understanding of how to design such technologies for specific novel usages. In this paper, we focus on digital technologies for patient-generated health data and how their use changes categorical work in chronic care. Our aim is to understand how categorical work changes, which novel forms of categorical work emerge and what the implications are for the care relation. This paper is based on an ethnographic study of healthcare professionals' work at a pelvic cancer rehabilitation clinic and their interactions with patients. In this setting, supportive talks between patients and nurses are central. To understand the complexities of categorical work in chronic care when patient-generated health data are introduced, we contrast the traditional supportive talks with supportive talks where the nurses had access to the patients' patient-generated health data. We identify and analyze challenges connected to novel forms of categorical work. Specifically, we focus on categorical work and how it can undergo changes. Our empirical findings show how changes occur in the way patients' lived experience of the chronic disease aligns with the categories from chronic care, as well as in the way the nurse works with clinical categories during the talk. These insights help us further understand the implications of patient generated-data use in supportive talks. We contribute to an improved understanding of the use of patient-generated health data in clinical practice and based on this, we identify design implications for how to make categorical work more collaborative.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Karin, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Choice, Negotiation, and Pluralism : a Conceptual Framework for Participatory Technologies in Museum Collections
- 2022
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; :31, s. 603-631
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an era of big data and fake news, museums' collection practices are particularly important democratic cornerstones. Participatory technologies such as crowdsourcing or wikis have been put forward as a means to make museum collections more open and searchable, motivated by a desire for efficiency but also as a way to engage the public in the development of a more diverse and polyphonic heritage. However, there is a lack of a nuanced vocabulary to describe participatory technologies in terms of democracy. Without a deeper understanding of how technology shapes the overall structures, there is a risk that the tools instead undermine democratic ambitions.Addressing the need to conceptualize democracy in these contexts, we therefore develop a framework for participatory technologies with an eye toward the long-term development and preservation of cultural heritage. In this framework different democratic processes intersect with democratic values, from a liberal conception of democracy to a more deliberative democracy, to an agonistic pluralism emphasizing the importance of acknowledging conflict and diversity.To firmly ground our vocabulary in museum collection practices, we have investigated two cases from museums in the US that have opposite participatory strategies for enriching images with metadata; the Smithsonian Transcription Center, and the National Gallery of Art collection on Wikimedia Commons. These cases demonstrate how the framework can be used to identify patterns of participation showing the support for different values and processes.Furthermore, our conceptual investigation points out a contradiction in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research, between the pluralism and conflicts emphasized in more critical and participatory design perspectives used in the development of design, and the features in the actual design of participatory technologies, emphasizing consistency and access.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Crowdsourcing historical photographs : autonomy and control at the Copenhagen City Archives
- 2022
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; :31, s. 1-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study of crowdsourcing practices at Kbhbilleder.dk at the Copenhagen City Archives provides a rich description of how motivation and work relations are situated in a wider infrastructure of different tools and social settings. Approximately, 94% of the work is here done by 7 of the 2,433 participants. The article contributes insights into how these super-taggers carry out their work, describing and placing images on a map, through an extensive discursive effort that takes place outside the institution’s more limited interface in private discussion forums with over 60 000 participants. The more exploratory qualitative work that is going on in different discussion groups does not fit within the archive’s technical framework. Instead, alternative archives are growing within privately owned networks, where participants’ own collections merge with images from public archives. Rather than focusing on the nature of participants’ motivation, the article suggests a relational perspective on participation that is useful for analyzing a systems’ support for participation. Pointing out how people’s motivation in citizen science correspond with relational and intra-relational aspects enables an approach to system design that potentially supports or counteracts these aspects.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Materializing activism
- 2021
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-1496 .- 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 5-6:30, s. 617-626
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Online activism showcases how available digital tools allow social movements to emerge, scale up, and extend globally by fundamentally enabling new forms of power. This special issue brings together eight research articles that engage with the collaborative efforts embedded in various types of activism by studying features such as the socio-technical systems involved; how the activism is organized; relations between traditional and social media; and the complex network of systems, information, people, values, theories, histories, ideologies, and aesthetics that constitutes such activisms. The articles show the spaces in which this activism materializes, and particularly their situation in several intersecting dimensions including motivation, culture, language, and infrastructure. Together, these articles reflect the methodological breadth required to materialize online activism and the need to develop a more nuanced conceptualization of the media ecologies involved. By mapping out how activism is enabled and constrained by human-computer interfaces, this special issue contributes to open up the black box of online activism.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Organizing Safe Spaces: #MeToo Activism in Sweden
- 2021
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work-the Journal of Collaborative Computing and Work Practices. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 30, s. 651-682
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Networked online environments can effectively support political activism. In Sweden, the #metoo movement resulted in over 100,000 people participating in activities challenging sexual harassment and abuse, including collecting testimonies via social media and drafting and discussing petitions published in print news media. Participation involved many risks, such as social stigma, losing one's job, or misogynist terrorism, which meant that participation required a high level of trust among peers. Human-computer interaction (HCI) research on trust generally focuses on technical systems or user-generated data, less focus has been given to trust among peers in vulnerable communities. This study, based on semi-structured interviews and surveys of participants and organizers of 47 petitions representing different sectors in society, found that trust was aggregated over networks of people, practices, institutions, shared values, and technical systems. Although a supportive culture based on a feeling of solidarity and shared feminist values was central for safe spaces for participation, when activism was scaled up, social interaction had to be limited due to increased risk. HCI research views trust as a process of crossing distances, increasing over time; however, our results reveal that trust decreased over time as the movement grew and public exposure increased, a trend most evident when the participants actually came from a tightly knit community. Therefore, this study points out the significance to balance the need for transparency and community with the need for anonymity and distance in the development of tools to support large-scale deliberative processes that involve conflicts and risks.
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Suspicious Minds: the Problem of Trust and Conversational Agents
- 2023
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, the field of natural language processing has seen substantial developments, resulting in powerful voice-based interactive services. The quality of the voice and interactivity are sometimes so good that the artificial can no longer be differentiated from real persons. Thus, discerning whether an interactional partner is a human or an artificial agent is no longer merely a theoretical question but a practical problem society faces. Consequently, the ‘Turing test’ has moved from the laboratory into the wild. The passage from the theoretical to the practical domain also accentuates understanding as a topic of continued inquiry. When interactions are successful but the artificial agent has not been identified as such, can it also be said that the interlocutors have understood each other? In what ways does understanding figure in real-world human–computer interactions? Based on empirical observations, this study shows how we need two parallel conceptions of understanding to address these questions. By departing from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, we illustrate how parties in a conversation regularly deploy two forms of analysis (categorial and sequential) to understand their interactional partners. The interplay between these forms of analysis shapes the developing sense of interactional exchanges and is crucial for established relations. Furthermore, outside of experimental settings, any problems in identifying and categorizing an interactional partner raise concerns regarding trust and suspicion. When suspicion is roused, shared understanding is disrupted. Therefore, this study concludes that the proliferation of conversational systems, fueled by artificial intelligence, may have unintended consequences, including impacts on human–human interactions.
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| 7. |
- Light, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Enacting Entanglement : CreaTures, Socio-Technical Collaboration and Designing a Transformative Ethos
- 2024
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : SPRINGER. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What happens when we try to enact theory in our practices of collaboration? The CreaTures project spent three years exploring the challenges of conceptualising and enacting entanglement in using creative practice to try and change worldviews towards understandings of interdependence. Acknowledging the backdrop to our work as pressing ecological breakdown, we sought to practice the cultural change we hoped to inspire. We discuss what we learnt about the socio-technical aspects of cooperation in managing entangled engagement as a methodological, as well as ontological, position. We centre this on a case study of how digital technology became a factor in both helpful and surprising ways during the project in response to the constraints of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with reflections on how taking the spatial metaphor of entanglement, rather than scale, has helped us understand agency in our work. In discussing this transdisciplinary project as part of CSCW scholarship, we hope to open a space for questioning dominant techno-economic values and show how alternative philosophy can be enacted in practice in supporting transformation to a different design ethos.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Randall, David, et al.
(author)
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Ethnography, CSCW and Ethnomethodology
- 2021
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 30, s. 189-214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper documents some details and some examples of the influence of ethnomethodological work in the fieldwork tradition associated with European CSCW; in particular what has been termed 'ethnomethodologically informed ethnography'. In so doing, we do not wish to downplay other perspectival and methodological contributions but to simply suggest that much of the ethnomethodological work that was done in the UK during the early development of CSCW had a distinctive character and made significant contributions to the study of complex organizational environments for design-related purposes that arguably reinvigorated the European fieldwork tradition. The distinctiveness we speak of in 'ethnomethodologically informed ethnography' had to do with what it owed to Wittgenstein and Winch as much as Garfinkel and Sacks, was rooted in a contempt for methodological fetishism, and emphasized the centrality of reasoning or rationale in the conduct of working and, more generally, social life. This focus and approach drew heavily on the ethnographic work of the likes of John Hughes in Lancaster, Wes Sharrock in Manchester, Bob Anderson at Xerox in Cambridge, and Christian Heath in King's, London, where attention was focused on the actual 'doing' of work as opposed to work in some idealised form - and it is this that we suggest has become important to design and designers of various kinds and in various domains.
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| 10. |
- Seredko, Alena, et al.
(author)
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What Does a Downvote Do? Performing Complementary and Competing Knowledge Practices on an Online Platform
- 2024
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large-scale online platforms powered by user-generated content are extensively researched as venues of learning and knowledge production. In this ethnographically oriented study, we examine knowledge practices on a community question answering platform for computer programmers in relation to the platform mechanics of voting. Grounded in the practice theoretical perspective and drawing on the analysis of online discussion threads and platform-related online materials, our study unpacks the dominant practice of crowd-based curation, the complementing practice of distributed moderation, and the more marginal practice of providing feedback to content producers. The practices co-exist in tension and consonance, which are embedded in the materiality of the platform and are continuously enacted through user discursive boundary work, sustaining the mentioned practices as intelligible for other users, and outlining what counts as legitimate participation on the platform. The study contributes to existing research on the roles voting plays on online platforms, as well as offers implications for research on social and material organization of users’ online practices. The study also discusses that it is the ambiguity around the mechanics of voting that allows practices to co-exist. While this ambiguity is often discussed by users as problematic, we suggest as potential implication of our study that it may be productive to design platforms for workable forms of ambiguity allowing knowledge practices to coexist in tension and to provide space for user negotiations of these practices.
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| 11. |
- Skill, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Assembling Amazon Fires through English Hashtags : Materializing Environmental Activism within Twitter Networks
- 2021
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; :30, s. 715-732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is about the networks around the fires in the Brazilian Amazon forest during 2019 in tweets with the English hashtags #PrayForAmazonas, #ActForTheAmazon and #AmazonFire. We have studied 2517 tweets. Both the languages and the content of the tweets were taken into consideration to see who is assembled and what discursive elements are used in the framing. Our results indicate that the fires are framed as a global concern, beyond the Brazilian borders, especially as ‘the lungs of the world’. The framing of responsibility for the fires is focused on president Bolsonaro, who is assembled in many tweets, while animals and indigenous people are framed as victims. We conclude that the tweets in English tend to produce more relationships in terms of likes and retweets, in comparison to tweets in Portuguese and Spanish. In addition, the role of politicians and celebrities seems critical in getting traction around a hashtag and making it trending.
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| 12. |
- Talhouk, Reem, et al.
(author)
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Refugee Food Insecurity & Technology : Surfacing Experiences of Adaptation, Navigation, Negotiation and Sharing
- 2022
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Nature. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the Syrian crisis still ongoing, 91% of Syrian refugee families in Lebanon do not have adequate access to safe and sufficient food. There has been a drive for technological innovation in humanitarian food assistance. To further inform such innovation, we used an Experience-Centred Design approach to gain a holistic understanding of the experiences of refugee food insecurity and how refugees envision technologies can support them. Design engagements with 13 women in an informal refugee settlement in Lebanon were conducted. The findings presented in this paper highlight that coping with food insecurity consists of experiences of adaptation, navigation, negotiation and sharing. We found that a multitude of technologies may be designed to enhance the aforementioned experiences and enable refugees to better cope with food insecurity. Through the lens of our findings, we discuss how technologies may support information sharing, the furthering of new practices and sharing of resources to support refugee food security.
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| 13. |
- Willermark, Sara, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Unpacking the Role of Boundaries in Computer-Supported Collaborative Teaching
- 2020
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In: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 29:6, s. 743-767
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we explore the role of boundaries for collaborative learning and transformation of work practices to occur. We report from a three-year action research project including well over 1800 h of participation by the authors. The empirical data are based on project participation work including observations and field notes, project reports, interviews and a questionnaire, within a school development project in Nordic elementary school. In the project, teachers and researchers from three Nordic countries, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, collaborated to develop novel, on-line teaching models for a Nordic Virtual Classroom. The virtual classroom refers to an educational setting where teaching and learning activities are conducted collaboratively in cross-national teams "in the cloud" by means of information technology. During the project, teachers were challenged in their current teaching practices and the project resulted in collaborative learning and transformation of work practice. In this paper, we explore underlying reasons for such transformation to occur by unpacking how and why boundaries can play a role in computer-supported collaborative teaching and stimulate a transformation towards digitalized teaching practices. The paper contributes with an explanation of how the composition of boundaries of a technological, organizational, and cultural nature operates and constitutes a resource for learning and principles for how boundaries can be used for such purpose.
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