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- Ahlsson, A
(author)
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Why change? Lessons in leadership from the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 58:3, s. 411-413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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2. |
- An, Kevin R, et al.
(author)
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Statistical primer: individual patient data meta-analysis and meta-analytic approaches in case of non-proportional hazards.
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - 1010-7940. ; 65:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses build upon traditional (aggregate data) meta-analyses by collecting IPD from the individual studies rather than using aggregated summary data. Although both traditional and IPD meta-analyses produce a summary effect estimate, IPD meta-analyses allow for the analysis of data to be performed as a single dataset. This allows for standardization of exposure, outcomes, and analytic methods across individual studies. IPD meta-analyses also allow the utilization of statistical methods typically used in cohort studies, such as multivariable regression, survival analysis, propensity score matching, uniform subgroup and sensitivity analyses, better management of missing data, and incorporation of unpublished data. However, they are more time-intensive, costly, and subject to participation bias. A separate issue relates to the meta-analytic challenges when the proportional hazards assumption is violated. In these instances, alternative methods of reporting time-to-event estimates, such as restricted mean survival time should be used. This statistical primer summarizes key concepts in both scenarios and provides pertinent examples.
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5. |
- Bjursten, Henrik
(author)
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Reply to Tang et al
- 2023
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - 1010-7940. ; 64:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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6. |
- Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina, et al.
(author)
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European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections-endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). : European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections.
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 57:1, s. 1-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international consensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
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7. |
- Chemtob, Raphaelle A., et al.
(author)
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Stroke in acute type A aortic dissection : the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD)
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 58:5, s. 1027-1034
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Stroke is a serious complication in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Previous studies investigating stroke in ATAAD patients have been limited by small cohorts and have shown diverging results. We sought to identify risk factors for stroke and to evaluate the effect of stroke on outcomes in surgical ATAAD patients. METHODS: The Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection database included patients operated for ATAAD at 8 Scandinavian Hospitals between 2005 and 2014. RESULTS: Stroke occurred in 177 (15.7%) out of 1128 patients. Patients with stroke presented more frequently with cerebral malperfusion (20.6% vs 6.3%, P < 0.001), syncope (30.6% vs 17.6%, P < 0.001), cardiogenic shock (33.1% vs 20.7%, P < 0.001) and pericardial tamponade (25.9% vs 14.7%, P < 0.001) and more often underwent total aortic arch replacement (10.7% vs 4.7%, P = 0.016), compared to patients without stroke. In the 86 patients presenting with cerebral malperfusion, 38.4% developed stroke. Thirty-day and 5-year mortality in patients with and without stroke were 27.1% vs 13.6% and 42.9% vs 25.6%, respectively. Stroke was an independent predictor of early- [odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-3.05; P < 0.001] and midterm mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% CI 1.27-2.23; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Stroke in ATAAD patients is associated with increased early- and midterm mortality. Preoperative cerebral malperfusion and impaired haemodynamics, as well as total aortic arch replacement, were more frequent among patients who developed stroke. Importantly, a large proportion of patients presenting with cerebral malperfusion did not develop a permanent stroke, indicating that signs of cerebral malperfusion should not be considered a contraindication for surgery.
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11. |
- Heimisdottir, A. A., et al.
(author)
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Long-term outcome of patients undergoing re-exploration for bleeding following cardiac surgery: a SWEDEHEART study
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 62:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Excessive bleeding leading to re-exploration is a severe complication of cardiac surgical procedures, associated with early postoperative morbidity and mortality. Less is known about the long-term outcome of these patients. We evaluated the impact of re-exploration after cardiac surgery on peri- and postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well long-term mortality, in a well-defined nationwide population. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 48 060 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or valve surgery from 2006 to 2015 were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with re-exploration, morbidity and mortality. Cox regression analysis was implemented to explore the association between re-exploration and long-term mortality. The mean follow-up time was 4.6 years (range 0-10 years) with follow-up time set at 31 December 2015. RESULTS: Overall, 2371 patients (4.9%) underwent re-exploration. Factors associated with re-exploration included advanced age, procedures other than isolated CABG and acute surgery. Re-explored patients had an increased risk of unadjusted mortality at 30, 90 and beyond 90 days (all P < 0.001). Significance was maintained after adjustment at 30 days [odds ratio: 3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.19-4.85, P < 0.001] and 90 days (odds ratio: 3.79, 95% CI: 3.14-4.55, P < 0.001), but not with long-term mortality (hazard ratio: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91-1.15, P= 0.712). Furthermore, re-exploration was independently associated with other postoperative complications, e.g. prolonged hospital stay, stroke and renal injury. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are re-explored for bleeding within 24 h have almost four-fold higher odds of mortality within 3 months post-procedure. However, the increased risk of death following re-exploration is not maintained in the long term.
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12. |
- Holmgren, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Long-term results after aortic valve replacement for bicuspid or tricuspid valve morphology in a Swedish population
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 59:3, s. 570-576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to study long-term observed and relative survival after first-time aortic valve replacement surgery with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery with reference to valve morphology (i.e. bicuspid vs tricuspid).METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 5086) from 3 Swedish hospitals, operated on between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2016, were included. The 30-day mortality (n = 116, 2.3%) was excluded from the analysis of long-term observed and relative survival (n = 4970). Observed survival was analysed using Cox regression. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio between observed and expected survival based on data from the general Swedish population, matched for age, sex and calendar year. Risk factors for death were explored using multivariable analysis.RESULTS: During the follow-up (median 4.7 years) period, 1157 (23%) patients died. Observed survival excluding 30-day mortality was 96.6%, 82.7% and 57.6% after 1, 5 and 10 years. Compared with the general Swedish population, the relative 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 99.0%, 97.5% and 89.0%. Bicuspid morphology was independently associated with higher observed and relative long-term survival. Renal dysfunction, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, smoking and atrial fibrillation were associated with higher long-term mortality. Combined surgery was not associated with higher observed or relative mortality.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a bicuspid morphology had better prognosis, matching that of the general population. With increased age, long-term relative survival compared favourably with survival in the general Swedish population. Adding coronary artery bypass surgery to an aortic valve replacement procedure did not affect long-term outcome.
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13. |
- Jónsson, Kristján, et al.
(author)
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Perioperative stroke and survival in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: a SWEDEHEART study
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 62:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES Perioperative stroke is a severe complication of cardiac surgery. We assessed the incidence of stroke over time, the association between stroke and mortality and identified preoperative factors independently associated with perioperative stroke, in a large nationwide cardiac surgery population. METHODS All patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in Sweden 2006-2017 were included in a registry-based observational cohort study based on prospectively collected data. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess associations between perioperative stroke and mortality and to identify factors associated with stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years (range 0-12). RESULTS There were 441 perioperative strokes in 36 898 patients. The mean incidence was 1.2% and decreased marginally over time [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.97 per year (95% confidence interval 0.94-1.00), P = 0.035]. Stroke patients had a higher overall mortality risk during follow-up [adjusted hazard ratio 2.30 (2.00-2.64), P < 0.001], with the highest risk during the first 30 postoperative days [adjusted hazard ratio (7.29 (5.58-9.54), P < 0.001]. The strongest independent preoperative factors associated with stroke were prior cardiac surgery [adjusted OR 2.89 (1.40-5.96)], critical preoperative condition [adjusted OR 2.55 (1.73-3.76)], previous stroke [adjusted OR 1.77 (1.35-2.33)], preoperative angina requiring intravenous nitrates [adjusted OR 1.67 (1.28-2.17)], peripheral vascular disease [OR 1.63 (1.25-2.13)] and advanced age [OR 1.05 (1.03-1.06) per year]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of perioperative stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting has remained stable. Patients with perioperative stroke had a markedly higher adjusted risk of death early after surgery. The risk declined over time but remained higher during the entire follow-up period.
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14. |
- Kaspersen, Alexander Emil, et al.
(author)
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Short- and long-term mortality after deep sternal wound infection following cardiac surgery : experiences from
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 60:2, s. 233-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a serious complication after open-heart surgery. We investigated the association between DSWI and short- and long-term all-cause mortality in a large well-defined nationwide population. METHODS: A retrospective, nationwide cohort study, which included 114676 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or valve surgery from 1997 to 2015 in Sweden. Short- and long-term mortality was compared between DSWI patients and non-DSWI patients using propensity score inverse probability weighting adjustment based on patient characteristics and comorbidities. Median follow-up was 8.0 years (range 0-18.9). RESULTS: Altogether, 1516 patients (1.3%) developed DSWI, most commonly in patients undergoing combined CABG and valve surgery (2.1%). DSWI patients were older and had more disease burden than non-DSWI patients. The unadjusted cumulative mortality was higher in the DSWI group compared with the non-DSWI group at 90 days (7.9% vs 3.0%, P < 0.001) and at 1 year (12.8% vs 4.5%, P < 0.001). The adjusted absolute difference in risk of death was 2.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-3.9] at 90 days and 4.7% (95% CI: 2.6-6.7) at 1 year. DSWI was independently associated with 90-day [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.89 (95% CI: 1.38-2.59)], 1-year [aRR 2.13 (95% CI: 1.68-2.71)] and long-term all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 1.56 (95% CI: 1.30-1.88)]. CONCLUSIONS: Both short- and long-term mortality risks are higher in DSWI patients compared to non-DSWI patients. These results stress the importance of preventing these infections and careful postoperative monitoring of DSWI patients.
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15. |
- Kolsrud, Oscar, et al.
(author)
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Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized pig model.
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 57:4, s. 652-659
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute kidney injury is a well-known complication after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this experimental animal study, we evaluated the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on renal function, perfusion, oxygenation and tubular injury during CPB.Twenty pigs were blindly randomized to continuous infusion of either ANP (50ng/kg/min) or placebo before, during and after CPB. Renal blood flow as well as cortical and medullary perfusion was measured. Blood was repeatedly sampled from the renal vein. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by infusion clearance of 51Cr-EDTA.Glomerular filtration rate was higher (P<0.001), whereas renal blood flow or renal oxygen delivery was not affected by ANP during CPB. Renal oxygen consumption did not differ between groups during CPB, whereas renal oxygen extraction was higher in the ANP group (P=0.03). Urine flow and sodium excretion were higher in the ANP group during CPB. Blood flow in the renal medulla, but not in the cortex, dropped during CPB, an effect that was not seen in the animals that received ANP.ANP improved renal function during CPB. Despite impaired renal oxygenation, ANP did not cause tubular injury, suggesting a renoprotective effect of ANP during CPB. Also, CPB induced a selectively reduced blood flow in the renal medulla, an effect that was counteracted by ANP.
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16. |
- Pan, Emily, et al.
(author)
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Statin treatment after surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis is associated with better long-term outcome.
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - 1010-7940. ; 65:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the association between statin use after surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and long-term risk for major adverse cardiovascular events in a large population-based, nationwide cohort.All patients that underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis in Sweden 2006-2020 and survived six months after discharge were included. Individual patient data from five nationwide registries were merged. Primary outcome is major adverse cardiovascular event (defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke). Multivariable Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, valve type, operation year, and secondary prevention medications is used to evaluate the association between time-updated dispense of statins and long-term outcome in the entire study population, and in subgroups based on age, sex and comorbidities.A total of 11,894 patients were included. Statins were dispensed to 49.8% (5918/11894) of patients at baseline, and 51.0% (874/1713) after ten years. At baseline, 3.6% of patients were dispensed low dose, 69.4% medium dose and 27.0% high dose statins. After adjustments, ongoing statin treatment was associated with a reduced risk for major adverse cardiovascular event [adjusted hazard ratio 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.83). p<0.001], mainly driven by a reduction in all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio, 0.70 (0.64-0.76)], p<0.001. The results were consistent in all subgroups.The results suggest that statin therapy might be beneficial for patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to establish causality between statin treatment and improved outcome.
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17. |
- Rezk, Mary, et al.
(author)
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Associations between new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation and long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement.
- 2023
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 63:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on prognostic implications of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is limited. We sought to explore associations between POAF, early-initiated oral anticoagulation (OAC), and long-term outcome after SAVR and combined SAVR+CABG.This is a retrospective, population-based study including all isolated SAVR (n=7038) and combined SAVR and CABG patients (n=3854) without a history of preoperative atrial fibrillation in Sweden 2007-2017. Individual patient data was merged from four nationwide registries. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) adjusted Cox regression models were employed separately in SAVR and SAVR+CABG patients. Median follow-up time was 4.7years (range 0-10years).POAF occurred in 44.5% and 50.7% of SAVR and SAVR+CABG patients, respectively. In SAVR patients, POAF was associated with increased long-term risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.21 (95% confidence interval 1.06-1.37)], ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.32 (1.08-1.59)], any thromboembolism, heart failure hospitalization, and recurrent atrial fibrillation. In SAVR+CABG, POAF was associated with death [aHR 1.31 (1.14-1.51)], recurrent atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, but not with ischaemic stroke [aHR 1.04 (0.84-1.29)] or thromboembolism. OAC was dispensed within 30days after discharge to 67.0% and 65.9% respectively of SAVR and SAVR+CABG patients with POAF. Early initiated OAC was not associated with reduced risk of death, ischaemic stroke or thromboembolism in any group of patients.POAF after SAVR is associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality and morbidity. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of OAC in SAVR patients with POAF.
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18. |
- Sartipy, U
(author)
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Reporting on the development of risk prediction models
- 2021
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 59:1, s. 282-282
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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19. |
- Skoglund Larsson, Linn, et al.
(author)
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Survival after surgery of the ascending aorta : a matched cohort study
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 62:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Surgery of ascending aortic aneurysms is performed prophylactically or acute. The expected survival after surgery is uncertain. The goal of this study was to compare mortality in people with aortic surgery with matched controls.METHODS: All patients undergoing ascending aortic surgery at Umeå University Hospital from 1988 to 2012, who previously participated in 1 of 3 population-based health surveys, were matched to 2 randomly selected controls from the same health survey and followed until death or until censoring on 24 August 2017, whichever came first. Mortality was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses were made for all-cause mortality, adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Deaths during the first 90 days after surgery and at >90 days postoperatively were studied separately.RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 9.2 years. A total of 61 of 189 patients and 51 of 370 controls died [hazard ratio (HR) 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-4.01]. Mortality was increased during the first 90 days post-surgery (HR 43.4, 95% CI 5.83-323), as well as after the first 90 days (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.25-2.88) and after acute surgery (HR 6.05, 95% CI 2.92-12.56) as well as after elective surgery (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35-3.27). Among 57 surgical patients with information about cause of death, 23 (40%) died of aortic disease.CONCLUSIONS: During follow-up, more patients died than matched controls. Findings were consistent when adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and across subgroups. Both short-term and long-term postoperative deaths were increased as well.
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20. |
- Sousa-Uva, M, et al.
(author)
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Reply to Evora and Albuquerque
- 2020
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 57:1, s. 200-200
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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21. |
- Teurneau-Hermansson, Karl, et al.
(author)
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Mortality after non-surgically treated acute type A aortic dissection is higher than previously reported
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - 1010-7940. ; 65:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: It has been commonly accepted that untreated acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) results in an hourly mortality rate of 1–2% during the 1st 24 h after symptom onset. The data to support this statement rely solely on patients who have been denied surgical treatment after reaching surgical centres. The objective was to perform a total review of non-surgically treated (NST) ATAAD and provide contemporary mortality data. METHODS: This was a regional, retrospective, observational study. All patients receiving one of the following diagnoses: International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 4410, 4411, 4415, 4416 or ICD-10 I710, I711, I715, I718 in an area of 1.9 million inhabitants in Southern Sweden during a period of 23 years (January 1998 to November 2021) were retrospectively screened. The search was conducted using all available medical registries so that every patient diagnosed with ATAAD in our region was identified. The charts and imaging of each screened patient were subsequently reviewed to confirm or discard the diagnosis of ATAAD. RESULTS: Screening identified 2325 patients, of whom 184 NST ATAAD patients were included. The mortality of NST ATAAD was 47.3 ± 4.4%, 55.0 ± 4.4%, 76.7 ± 3.7% and 83.9 ± 4.3% at 24 h, 48 h, 14 days and 1 year, respectively. The hourly mortality rate during the 1st 24 h after symptom onset was 2.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study observed higher mortality than has previously been reported. It emphasizes the need for timely diagnosis, swift management and emergent surgical treatment for patients suffering an acute type A aortic dissection.
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22. |
- Törngren, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Medical therapy after surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation.
- 2023
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In: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 63:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Current clinical guidelines have no specific recommendations regarding medical therapy after surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation. We studied the association between medical therapy with RAS inhibitors, statins and beta-blockers, and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events.All patients undergoing valve replacement due to aortic regurgitation between 2006-2017 in Sweden and alive six months after discharge were included. Time-dependent multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, patient characteristics, comorbidities, other medications, and year of SAVR were used. Primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, heart failure, low ejection fraction, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension were performed.A total of 2,204 patients were included (median follow-up 5.0 years (range 0.0-11.5)). At baseline, 68% of the patients were dispensed RAS inhibitors, 80% beta-blockers, and 35% statins. Dispense of RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers declined over time, especially during the first year after baseline, while dispense of statins remained stable. Treatment with RAS inhibitors or statins was associated with a reduced risk of the primary outcome (aHR 0.71, 95%CI 0.57-0.87 and aHR 0.78, 95%CI 0.62-0.99, respectively). The results were consistent in subgroups based on age, sex, and comorbidities. Beta-blocker treatment was associated with an increased risk for the primary outcome (aHR 1.35, 95%CI 1.07-1.70).The results indicate a potential beneficial association of RAS inhibitors and statins as part of a secondary preventive treatment regime after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation. The role of beta-blockers needs to be further investigated.
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