| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Engagement in New Dietary Habits : Obese Women's Experiences from Participating in a 2-Year Diet Intervention
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:1, s. 84-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.RESULTS: A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".CONCLUSION: We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive voice response with feedback intervention in out-patient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial on substance use, stress and psychiatric symptoms.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 789-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an interactive voice response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and substance use. Methods: The IVR system was used twice weekly over 3 months after treatment initiation, with or without addition of a personalized feedback intervention on stress and mental health symptoms. Both IVR assessment only (control group) and IVR assessment including feedback (intervention group) were provided as an add-on to treatment-as-usual procedures (TAU) in outpatient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents and young adults (N = 73). Results: By using a mixed models approach, differences in change scores were analyzed over the three-month assessment period. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the Arnetz and Hasson stress score (AHSS, p = 0.019), the total Symptoms Checklist 8 score (SCL-8D, p = 0.037), the SCL-8D anxiety sub-score (p = 0.017), and on a summarized feedback score (p = 0.026), but not on the depression subscale. There were no differences in global substance use scores between the intervention group (feedback on mental health symptoms) and the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, IVR may be useful for follow-up and repeated interventions as an add-on to regular treatment, and personalized feedback could potentially improve mental health in adolescents and young adults with problematic substance use.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive Voice Response with Feedback Intervention in Outpatient Treatment of Substance Use Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 789-797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and substance use. The IVR system was used twice weekly over three months after treatment initiation, with or without addition of a personalized feedback intervention on stress and mental health symptoms. Both IVR assessment only (control group) and IVR assessment including feedback (intervention group) were provided as an add-on to treatment-as-usual procedures (TAU) in outpatient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents and young adults (N=73). By using a mixed models approach, differences in change scores were analyzed over the three-month assessment period. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the Arnetz and Hasson stress score (AHSS, p=0.019), the total Symptoms Checklist 8 score (SCL-8D, p=0.037), the SCL-8D anxiety sub-score (p=0.017), and on a summarized feedback score (p=0.026), but not on the depression subscale. There were no differences in global substance use scores between the intervention group (feedback on mental health symptoms) and the control group. In conclusion, IVR may be useful for follow-up and repeated interventions as an add-on to regular treatment, and personalized feedback could potentially improve mental health in adolescents and young adults with problematic substance use.
|
|
| 6. |
- Augustsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating Variations in Implementation Fidelity of an Organizational-Level Occupational Health Intervention
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 22:3, s. 345-355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The workplace has been suggested as an important arena for health promotion, but little is known about how the organizational setting influences the implementation of interventions. The aims of this study are to evaluate implementation fidelity in an organizational-level occupational health intervention and to investigate possible explanations for variations in fidelity between intervention units. The intervention consisted of an integration of health promotion, occupational health and safety, and a system for continuous improvements (Kaizen) and was conducted in a quasi-experimental design at a Swedish hospital. Implementation fidelity was evaluated with the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity and implementation factors used to investigate variations in fidelity with the Framework for Evaluating Organizational-level Interventions. A multi-method approach including interviews, Kaizen notes, and questionnaires was applied. Implementation fidelity differed between units even though the intervention was introduced and supported in the same way. Important differences in all elements proposed in the model for evaluating organizational-level interventions, i.e., context, intervention, and mental models, were found to explain the differences in fidelity. Implementation strategies may need to be adapted depending on the local context. Implementation fidelity, as well as pre-intervention implementation elements, is likely to affect the implementation success and needs to be assessed in intervention research. The high variation in fidelity across the units indicates the need for adjustments to the type of designs used to assess the effects of interventions. Thus, rather than using designs that aim to control variation, it may be necessary to use those that aim at exploring and explaining variation, such as adapted study designs.
|
|
| 7. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
-
Digital Paths to Changing Problematic alcohol Use : Effectiveness of Unguided and Guided Interventions in a Stepped Care Model
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 25:Supplement 1, s. S43-S44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction & Purpose: Digital interventions for changing problematic alcohol use have shown small effect sizes in relation to control groups. A meta-analysis (Riper et al., 2014) found an overall effect size of 0.20, with slightly higher effect sizes of 0.23 for interventions with a human guide, compared to 0.20 for unguided interventions. This presentation describes five different interventions, from unguided low-intensity to high-intensity guided interventions, evaluated in separate randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods: Target groups included internet help-seekers and university students, with hazardous drinking according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), excessive drinking based on national public health guidelines, or diagnosed alcohol use disorder (AUD). Study 1 evaluated eScreen.se, offering minimal screening and personal feedback, and alkoholhjalpen.se, a self-help program, with 633 internetbased participants reporting hazardous drinking. Study 2 evaluated the PartyPlanner and Promillekoll smartphone apps with 1932 university students reporting hazardous drinking. Study 3 evaluated the TeleCoach skills-based app with 186 university students who drank excessively. For studies 1-3 assessment-only controls were comparison groups. Study 4 compared the unguided eChange 10-week program to a guided version with 80 internet-based participants having at least hazardous use. Study 5 with 166 participants compared the high-intensity ePlus 13-week program to the unguided eChange program in a 13-week version, and a small wait-list control group. Results: Studies 1-5 are compared with one another in terms of baseline characteristics and results. Although inclusion criteria varied, baseline AUDIT levels out of a maximum of 40 points for studies 1-5 respectively were 20.82 (SD 6.93), 10.55 (3.90); 13.46 (4.69); 21.00 (4.90) and 23.70 (1.40). Within-group and between-group results are compared, showing greater effects for more intensive interventions. Conclusions: Effects vary by target groups, severity levels and interventions, but it is clear that digital interventions contribute to reduced problematic alcohol use.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Conrad, Isabell, et al.
(författare)
-
The Changeability and Predictive Value of Dysfunctional Cognitions in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Chronic Tinnitus
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 22:2, s. 239-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Multidimensional tinnitus models describe dysfunctional cognitions as a complicating factor in the process of tinnitus habituation. However, this concept has rarely been investigated in previous research. Purpose The present study investigated the effects of two cognitive-behavioral treatments on dysfunctional tinnitus-related cognitions in patients with chronic tinnitus. Furthermore, dysfunctional cognitions were examined as possible predictors of the therapeutic effect on tinnitus distress. Method A total of 128 patients with chronic tinnitus were randomly assigned to either an Internet-delivered guided self-help treatment (Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, ICBT), a conventional face-to-face group therapy (cognitive-behavioral group therapy, GCBT), or an active control group in the form of a web-based discussion forum (DF). To assess tinnitus-related dysfunctional thoughts, the Tinnitus Cognitions Scale (T-Cog) was used at pre- and post-assessment, as well as at the 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results Multivariate ANOVAs with post hoc tests revealed significant and comparable reductions of dysfunctional tinnitus-related cognitions for both treatments (GCBT and ICBT), which remained stable over a 6- and 12-month period. Negative correlations were found between the catastrophic subscale of the T-Cog and therapy outcome for ICBT, but not for GCBT. This means a higher degree of catastrophic thinking at baseline was associated with lower benefit from ICBT directly after the treatment. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed catastrophizing as a predictor of poorer therapy outcome regarding emotional tinnitus distress in ICBT. No associations were detected in the follow-up assessments. Conclusion Both forms of CBT are successful in reducing dysfunctional tinnitus-related cognitions. Catastrophizing significantly predicted a less favorable outcome regarding emotional tinnitus distress in ICBT. Clinical implications of these results are described. Dysfunctional cognitions could be targeted more intensively in therapy and in future research on tinnitus.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Emilson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical therapists' assessments, analyses and use of behavior change techniques in initial consultations on musculoskeletal pain : direct observations in primary health care
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - London : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2474. ; 23, s. S187-S187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Behavioral medicine (BM) treatment is recommended to be implemented for pain management in physical therapy. Its implementation requires physical therapists (PTs), who are skilled at performing functional behavioral analyses based on physical, psychological and behavioral assessments. The purpose of the current study was to explore and describe PTs' assessments, analyses and their use of behavioral change techniques (BCTs) in initial consultations with patients who seek primary health care due to musculoskeletal pain. Methods: A descriptive and explorative research design was applied, using data from video recordings of 12 primary health care PTs. A deductive analysis was performed, based on a specific protocol with definitions of PTs' assessment of physical and psychological prognostic factors (red and yellow flags, respectively), analysis of the clinical problem, and use of BCTs. An additional inductive analysis was performed to identify and describe the variation in the PTs' clinical practice. Results: Red and yellow flags were assessed in a majority of the cases. Analyses were mainly based on biomedical assessments and none of the PTs performed functional behavioral analyses. All of the PTs used BCTs, mainly instruction and information, to facilitate physical activity and improved posture. The four most clinically relevant cases were selected to illustrate the variation in the PTs' clinical practice. The results are based on 12 experienced primary health care PTs in Sweden, limiting the generalizability to similar populations and settings. Conclusion: Red and yellow flags were assessed by PTs in the current study, but their interpretation and integration of the findings in analyses and treatment were incomplete, indicating a need of further strategies to implement behavioral medicine in Swedish primary health care physical therapy.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Gajecki, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Skills Training via Smartphone App for University Students with Excessive Alcohol Consumption : a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 778-788
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: University students in a study on estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) feedback apps were offered participation in a second study, if reporting continued excessive consumption at 6-week follow-up. This study evaluated the effects on excessive alcohol consumption of offering access to an additional skills training app. METHOD: A total of 186 students with excessive alcohol consumption were randomized to an intervention group or a wait list group. Both groups completed online follow-ups regarding alcohol consumption after 6 and 12 weeks. Wait list participants were given access to the intervention at 6-week follow-up. Assessment-only controls (n = 144) with excessive alcohol consumption from the ongoing study were used for comparison. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with excessive alcohol consumption declined in both intervention and wait list groups compared to controls at first (p < 0.001) and second follow-ups (p = 0.054). Secondary analyses showed reductions for the intervention group in quantity of drinking at first follow-up (-4.76, 95% CI [-6.67, -2.85], Z = -2.09, p = 0.037) and in frequency of drinking at both follow-ups (-0.83, 95% CI [-1.14, -0.52], Z = -2.04, p = 0.041; -0.89, 95% CI [-1.16, -0.62], Z = -2.12, p = 0.034). The odds ratio for not having excessive alcohol consumption among men in the intervention group compared to male controls was 2.68, 95% CI [1.37, 5.25] (Z = 2.88, p = 0.004); the figure for women was 1.71, 95% CI [1.11, 2.64] (Z = 2.41, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Skills training apps have potential for reducing excessive alcohol use among university students. Future research is still needed to disentangle effects of app use from emailed feedback on excessive alcohol consumption and study participation. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT02064998.
|
|
| 26. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Using gender as analytical tool in an analysis of a manager's health : Reflection on life-history method
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:Suppl. 1, s. S64-S64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: It is a lack of research on the meanings of genderdynamism in relation to manager’s health in Sweden.The purpose of this paper was therefore to reflect on whether gender form, -content and/or, -arena, either contribute to reproduce or transform surrounding condition on the job and in the family and also its consequences for health, both on individual and family level.Methods: A semi-structured life-history interview was conducted with aformer manager on the basis of gender theory and written verbatim into a transcript. A life-history case was elaborated using gender as an analytical tool. By sorting and comparing already gendered life events, both on the job and in the family, the main findings evolved.Results: Paradoxically a turning point in Jan’s life became prominent with a personal crisis, and this was explained by how several minor shifts of genderedform,-content and -arena co-occurred.This resulted in that a gender neutral form of agency appeared possible to try out in practice. When this was done the conditions on the job and in the family were shaped in accordance with what is meant with good lives for all.Conclusion: In most gender research the force of gender is limited due to its cross-sectional focus through time. But with the life-history research gender relations become prominent in its multiplicity, illuminating minor shifts of ongoing processes of transformation, understood as patterns of agency.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Härter Griep, Rosane, et al.
(författare)
-
Work-Family Conflict and Self-Rated Health : the Role of Gender and Educational Level. Baseline Data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:3, s. 372-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study examined gender differences in the association between work-family conflict and self-rated health and evaluated the effect of educational attainment.METHOD: We used baseline data from ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study of civil servants from six Brazilian state capitals. Our samples included 12,017 active workers aged 34-72 years. Work-family conflict was measured by four indicators measuring effects of work on family, effects of family in work and lack of time for leisure and personal care.RESULTS: Women experienced more frequent work-family conflict, but in both genders, increased work-family conflict directly correlated with poorer self-rated health. Women's educational level interacted with three work-family conflict indicators. For time-based effects of work on family, highly educated women had higher odds of suboptimal self-rated health (OR = 1.54; 95 % CI = 1.19-1.99) than less educated women (OR = 1.14; 95 % CI = 0.92-1.42). For strain-based effects of work on family, women with higher and lower education levels had OR = 1.91 (95 % CI 1.48-2.47) and OR = 1.40 (95 % CI 1.12-1.75), respectively. For lack of time for leisure and personal care, women with higher and lower education levels had OR = 2.60 (95 % CI = 1.95-3.47) and OR = 1.11 (95 % CI = 0.90-1.38), respectively.CONCLUSION: Women's education level affects the relationship between work-family conflict and self-rated health. The results may contribute to prevention activities.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Web-Based Self-Help for Problematic Alcohol Use : a Large Naturalistic Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, SI, s. 749-759
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This observational study examined user characteristics, intervention use patterns, and variables associated with reductions in alcohol consumption for anonymous Internet help-seekers using a Web-based self-help program.A Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program with eight modules delivered over 10 weeks was offered to participants with at least hazardous use of alcohol according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (n = 4165). At baseline and 10-week follow-up, participants completed the Timeline-followback (TLFB), AUDIT, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ), and Readiness Ruler. Follow-up completers and non-completers were compared at baseline, and follow-up completer outcomes were reported. Predictors of change in drinking behavior were evaluated at follow-up.Registered users were 41.88 years old on average (SD = 12.36), and 52 % were women; the mean baseline number of drinks during the past week was 27.27 (SD = 17.92) with 62 % in the AUDIT category of probable dependence and only 7 % having low-risk consumption according to public health guidelines. At follow-up (n = 1043), 53 % showed a clinically significant change to a lower level of alcohol use (chi(2) = 254.403, p < 0.001); the mean alcohol consumption fell (t = 22.841, p < 0.001) and the proportion with low-risk consumption rose to 40 %. Being male, scoring higher on baseline readiness, completing the program, and accessing other support predicted low-risk drinking and clinically significant change to a lower level of alcohol use at follow-up.A publicly available Web-based program for managing problematic alcohol use attracted users with considerable alcohol- and health-related problems, which were changed to lower severity for follow-up completers.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Kleinstaeuber, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychosocial Profile of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:6, s. 752-763
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to modern bio-psychosocial theories of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the aim of this study is to investigate systematically associations between selected psychosocial factors and premenstrual symptoms in different menstrual cycle phases. Several psychosocial variables were assessed, in a sample of German women with PMS (N = 90) and without premenstrual complaints (N = 48) during the follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Presence of PMS was indicated by analysis of contemporary daily ratings of premenstrual symptom severity and impairment for one menstrual cycle. Regarding perceived chronic stress (AE (2) = 0.34), self-efficacy (AE (2) = 0.12), and two dimensions of self-silencing (0.06 aeamp;lt;currencyamp;gt;aEuroeAE (2) aeamp;lt;currencyamp;gt;aEuroe0.11) analyses revealed only a significant effect of group. Regarding body dissatisfaction and somatosensory amplification, a significant effect of group (0.07 aeamp;lt;currencyamp;gt;aEuroeAE (2) aeamp;lt;currencyamp;gt;aEuroe0.16) and additionally a group by menstrual cycle phase interaction (AE (2) = 0.06) was identified. Regarding relationship quality, a significant effect of menstrual cycle phase (AE (2) = 0.08) and a group by menstrual cycle phase interaction (AE (2) = 0.06) was demonstrated. In respect to sexual contentment, acceptance of premenstrual symptoms, and the remaining two dimensions of self-silencing statistical analyses revealed no effects at all. Linear multiple regression analysis revealed that 20 % of the variance in PMS symptom severity was explained by the psychosocial variables investigated. Body dissatisfaction ( = 0.26, p = 0.018) and the divided self-dimension of self-silencing ( = 0.35, p = 0.016) were significant correlates of PMS severity. Results of this study are consistent with previous research and additionally show patterns of associations between specific psychosocial factors and PMS in dependence of menstrual cycle phase that have not been researched before. The role of the psychosocial variables we investigated in regard to the development and maintenance of PMS should be clarified in future research.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Kåreholt, Ingemar, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Of premature demise - a follow-up study of young men exposed to violence in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 25:Suppl. 1, s. S75-S75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction & Purpose: The discourse of violence has largely focused on female victims of male violence, and partly ignored male victims. More men than women die of homicide and are exposed to non-fatal violence. Being physically assaulted is a traumatic experience with serious and long-lasting consequences. It is primarily young men aged 16-24 who suffer from violence. It can be difficult for these men to be in the role of victims, and this can be reinforced by norms that say masculinity stands for power and strength while the role of crime victims is rather an expression of weakness. The purpose of the study are to analyze mortality patterns among men aged 18-24 who have been exposed to violence leading to hospital care.Methods: Register data including all men in Sweden 18-24 years that received at least one night of hospital care after injury from another person in 1992-2005. For each hospitalized man, nine age-matched men were randomly selected from the population each year. Data is available from the year before hospitalization/inclusion and 10 years after (or to 2006 when follow-up ends).Results: Analyses are based on Cox regressions, controlled for age, days of inpatient care from violence, days of hospital care for other reasons, degree of urbanization, country of birth, presence of preschool children, gainfully employed/ not, financial assistance/not, education, and income. Compared to men from the population, exposed men had >3 times higher risk (HR=3.34) for all-cause mortality, >4 times higher risk (HR=4.16) to die from suicide, and about 20 times higher risk (HR=19.63) to die from violence. The difference between exposed and non-exposed men in all-cause mortality, decrease significantly over the 10-year follow-up from HR 4.48 to 2.66, in mortality from violence from HR 45.23 to 2.06. Regarding mortality from violence, the difference between exposed and non-exposed men was not significant after 10 years. The risk difference to die from suicide remained stable over the follow-up period.Conclusions: Paying attention to the long-term consequences from violence, there are also opportunities to change the situation and allow for alternative development for men who have been abused. This is especially important when it comes to the risk for suicide.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Leineweber, Constanze, et al.
(författare)
-
Change in Work-Time Control and Work-Home Interference Among Swedish Working Men and Women : Findings from the SLOSH Cohort Study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:6, s. 670-678
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim is to study the influence of change in work-time control (WTC) on work-home interference (WHI) while adjusting for other work-related factors, demographics, changes at work and WHI at baseline among women and men. An additional aim was to explore sex differences in the relation between change in WTC and WHI.METHODS: The study included working participants of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) study of the third (2010) and fourth (2012) waves (n = 5440). Based on a seven-item index, four groups of WTC were formed: stable high (40 %), stable low (42 %), increasing (9 %), or decreasing (9 %) WTC over the 2 years. WHI was measured by four items and individuals were categorised in whether suffering or not suffering of WHI. Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the odds of experiencing WHI by change in WTC.RESULTS: Controlling for demographics and work-related factors, women with stable low (OR = 1.46; 95 % CI 1.14-1.88) and women and men with decreasing WTC (women OR = 1.99; 95 % CI 1.38-2.85; men OR = 1.80; 95 % CI 1.18-2.73) had higher odds of WHI than those with a stable high WTC. Additionally, adjusting for changes at work and WHI at baseline did not alter the results substantially. Interaction analysis did not reveal any significant sex difference in the relation between WTC and WHI.CONCLUSIONS: For both women and men decreased and for women only, low control over working hours resulted in WHI also after adjusting for work-related factors and demographics.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Lundgren, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological Resources are Associated with Reduced Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease : An 8-Year Follow-up of a Community-Based Swedish Sample
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 22:1, s. 77-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundA large number of studies have provided clear evidence for a link between the risk of coronary heart disease and psychological risk factors. Much less attention has been given to the potential protective effect of psychological resources.PurposeThe major aim of this study was to investigate the independent association between psychological resources and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in an 8-year follow-up study of a Swedish community-based cohort.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 484 men and 497 women, aged 45–69 years at baseline. The incidence of first-time major event of CHD was analysed in relation to baseline levels of psychological resources, including mastery, self-esteem, and sense of coherence as well as psychological risk factors including cynicism and hostile affect, vital exhaustion, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms. In Cox proportional hazard models, adjustments were made for age, sex, eight traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms.ResultsA total of 56 CHD events had occurred after the 8-year follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, and eight traditional risk factors, a significantly decreased risk of CHD was found for mastery (HR 0.62 per SD, p = 0.003), self-esteem (HR 0.64, p = 0.004), and sense of coherence (HR 0.70, p = 0.031). An increased risk of CHD was found for vital exhaustion (HR 1.46, p = 0.014), hopelessness (HR 1.59, p = 0.003), and depressive symptoms (HR 1.45, p = 0.009). After further adjustment for depressive symptoms, significant associations remained for mastery (HR 0.67, p = 0.034), self-esteem (HR 0.69, p = 0.048), and hopelessness (HR 1.48, p = 0.023).ConclusionsThe psychological resources, mastery and self-esteem, showed robust protective effects on CHD, also after adjustment for established risk factors as well as depressive symptoms. In parallel, hopelessness was an independent risk factor for CHD. The results may have implications for novel approaches in preventive efforts
|
|
| 42. |
- Magnusson Hanson, Linda L., et al.
(författare)
-
Loss of healthy life years between ages 50-75 years attributed to job strain : analyses of 64,533 individuals from four prospective European cohort studies
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23, s. S64-S64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Poor working conditions potentially limit quality of life and the possibilities for individuals to remain in paid employment because of poor health. However, no studies so far have investigated how psychosocial working conditions might impact on how long older workers can expect to stay healthy. This study examines whether job strain in older workers is associated with healthy life expectancy (HLE).Methods: We used repeated measures data for 64,533 individuals from four cohort studies: Whitehall II (UK), Finnish Public Sector Study (Finland), GAZEL (France), and Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (Sweden). Job strain at baseline and two different measures of HLE were computed based on self-rated health and chronic health conditions. Multistate life table models were used to estimate partial life expectancy (LE) and HLE from ages 50 to 75 by job strain, cohort, occupational position and sex.Results: Job strain was consistently related to shorter HLE, but not total LE. Particularly men in lower occupational positions with job strain had shorter HLE. The HLE in good self-rated health was 2–3 years shorter in this group. The corresponding HLE based on chronic disease was almost 2 years shorter although the relation was less pronounced for GAZEL. Women with job strain in lower occupational positions also lived 1–2 fewer years in good health.Conclusions: The results indicate that job strain affects how long people remain healthy, and that interventions to prevent high job strain in older workers might enable people to work for longer in good health.
|
|
| 43. |
- Marteinsdottir, Ina, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological Resources Are Independently Associated with Markers of Inflammation in a Middle-Aged Community Sample
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23:5, s. 611-620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To elucidate possible independent associations of psychological resources with inflammatory markers, all linked with coronary heart disease (CHD). Method In a middle-aged general population (n = 944), psychological resources (coping, self-esteem, and sense of coherence (SOC)), a global measure of quality of life (Cantrils self-anchoring ladder, also called "ladder of life"), and psychological risk factors (hopelessness, vital exhaustion, and depressive symptoms) were used in linear regression models to evaluate associations with the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Adjustments were done for age, sex, medical conditions, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results After full adjustments, self-esteem was independently associated with all three biomarkers. Ladder of life was associated with IL-6 and log-CRP; coping, vital exhaustion, and depressive symptoms with IL-6; and SOC with MMP-9 (p amp;lt; 0.05 for all associations). Conclusion Numerous significant associations of psychological resources and risk factors with IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 were found in a community-based sample. The associations of psychological resources were mostly independent, while the psychological risk factors seemed preferentially dependent on lifestyle factors as smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). This suggests that the psychological resources (in particular self-esteem) protective effects on CHD are linked to inflammatory markers.
|
|
| 44. |
- Mazzoni, Anne-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
-
"Finding my own motivation" - A Mixed Methods Study of Exercise and Behaviour Change Support During Oncological Treatment
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 26:5, s. 499-511
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exercising during oncological treatment is beneficial but challenging for persons with cancer and may require strategies to increase motivation. Behaviour change support, including specific behaviour change techniques (BCTs), have been used to facilitate exercise in persons undergoing oncological treatment, but more detailed knowledge from an individual perspective is needed to inform clinical practice. The aims were to explore the motivational experiences of exercise combined with behaviour change support, and to describe how specific BCTs were valued among persons exercising during oncological treatment. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted using semi-structured interviews (n = 18) and a questionnaire (n = 229). Participants with breast, colorectal or prostate cancer who completed or dropped out of a six-month exercise programme during oncological treatment were included. The interviews were analysed with thematic analysis and the questionnaire with descriptive statistics (median and interquartile range). RESULTS: The participants underwent a motivational process through the exercise programme. By experiencing 'Health gains and mastery', 'Learning', 'Affinity', 'Commitment', and 'Managing challenges', they found incentives that fostered feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness, leading to an increased motivation to exercise. Social support from coaches, structuring the physical environment with scheduled sessions, self-monitoring with resistance training log, and feedback based on heart rate monitor and fitness tests were the most valued BCTs. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the importance of finding incentives and creating an environment that fosters autonomy, competence and relatedness to motivate persons to exercise during oncological treatment. Some BCTs appear particularly useful and may be used by health professionals to increase patients' motivation to exercise.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Nordin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Young women's mental health in northern Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 23, s. S3-S3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
