| 1. |
- Cederberg, Björn
(author)
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Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus Bombus s. str. worldwide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
- 2012
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In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 10, s. 21-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bumblebees of the subgenus Bombus s. str. dominate (or used to dominate) many north temperate pollinator assemblages and include most of the commercial bumblebee pollinator species. Several species are now in serious decline, so conservationists need to know precisely which ones are involved. The problem is that many Bombus s. str. species are cryptic, so that species identification from morphology may be impossible for some individuals and is frequently misleading according to recent molecular studies. This is the first review of the entire subgenus to: (1) avoid fixed a priori assumptions concerning the limits of the problematic species; and (2) sample multiple sites from across the entire geographic ranges of all of the principal named taxa worldwide; and (3) fit an explicit model for how characters change within an evolutionary framework; and (4) apply explicit and consistent criteria within this evolutionary framework for recognising species. We analyse easily-obtained DNA (COI-barcode) data for 559 sequences from 279 localities in 33 countries using general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) models, assuming only the morphologically distinctive species B. affinis Cresson, B. franklini (Frison), B. ignitus Smith and B. tunicatus Smith, and then recognise other comparable COI-barcode groups as putative species. These species correspond to modified concepts of the taxa B. cryptarum (Fabricius), B. hypocrita Perez, B. jacobsoni Skorikov, B. lantschouensis Vogt n. stat., B. longipennis Friese, B. lucorum (Linnaeus), B. magnus Vogt, B. minshanensis Bischoff n. stat., B. occidentalis Greene, B. patagiatus Nylander, B. sporadicus Nylander, B. terrestris (Linnaeus) and B. terricola Kirby (a total of 17 species). Seven lectotypes are designated. Our results allow us for the first time to diagnose all of the putative species throughout their global ranges and to map the extent of these geographic ranges.
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| 2. |
- Jeppson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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European earthstars in Geastraceae (Geastrales, Phallomycetidae) – a systematic approach using morphology and molecular sequence data
- 2013
-
In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 11:4, s. 437-465
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phylogenetic relationships among European earthstars were inferred using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2), partial nuclear large subunit (LSU), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (Tef-α). The phylogenetic analyses recovered 11 clades that correlate to 31 morphological species and species groups. A close relationship of Myriostoma coliforme and Geastrum was supported by the molecular data. The genus Radiigera was found to be polyphyletic, and the four species were recovered in different clades within Geastrum. Radiigera bushnellii, R. flexuosa, R. fuscogleba and R. taylori are therefore combined in Geastrum. One of the supported terminal clades is likely to represent an undescribed species that occurs in east central Europe. Notes on the morphology and ecology for each species are given, including a key to the 31 species of earthstars occurring in Europe.
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| 3. |
- Matamoros, Lisa, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Cryptic diversity among the achaetous Marionina (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2012
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In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 10:4, s. 509-525
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the diversity and taxonomy of a mainly marine group of species lacking chaetae currently assigned to the genus Marionina. This achaetous group includes four nominal species: M. achaeta (Hagen, 1954), M. achaeta sensu Lasserre, 1964, M. nevisensis Righi & Kanner, 1979 and M. arenaria Healy, 1979. As Lasserre's (1964) M. achaeta appears to be morphologically different from its (then) senior homonym M. achaeta (Hagen, 1954), the replacement name M. nothachaeta nom. nov. is proposed for it. We studied the genetic and morphological diversity of achaetous specimens of Marionina collected in Florida, the Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Sweden, England and the Bahamas. The collection localities are almost all supralittoral and often brackish-water habitats. Parts of the mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, COI and the nuclear genes 18S, 28S and ITS were analysed to assess the genetic variation and phylogeny of the achaetous Marionina species. The molecular data reveal one monophyletic group of 11 separately evolving lineages, and between these lineages, K2P distances in the barcoding gene COI vary between 5.4 and 25.0%. On a morphological basis, the lineages could be assigned to seven different groups (morphotypes), of which only two could be identified as described nominal taxa: M. nevisensis s. lat. (several lineages) and M. nothachaeta. Since the former taxon appears to be a complex of cryptic species around the world and the original type material no longer exists, a neotype from the Caribbean was designated for M. nevisensis s. str. The remaining achaetous lineages represent five morphologically distinct species that are left unnamed, awaiting finer morphological scrutiny and detailed comparisons with new collections of M. achaeta and M. arenaria. Summing up, the group of achaetous Marionina now seems to contain up to 13 different species, seven of which are yet to be formally described and named.
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| 4. |
- Perhans, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Co-variation of lichens, bryophytes, saproxylic beetles and dead wood in Swedish boreal forests
- 2010
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In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 8, s. 247-256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to effectively identify and protect the most valuable forest areas for conservation, it is essential to understand species diversity patterns and the co-variation of different taxonomic groups. In this study we analysed the extent to which lichens, bryophytes and saproxylic beetles co-vary, their ability to represent each other in a reserve network (surrogate capacity), and their patterns of beta-diversity. We also tested the surrogate capacity of dead wood. A species and dead wood inventory was conducted in forest sites in a boreal forest region in central Sweden. Overall, the correlations in species richness between taxa were weak, but some were statistically significant, i.e. those between red-listed lichens and red-listed bryophytes. Beetles were weakly positively correlated with bryophytes, but never with lichens. None of the tested taxa provided a reliable surrogate for representing the other taxa. However, dead wood diversity did represent saproxylic beetles and bryophytes better than random selection and might therefore function as a conservation surrogate for those taxa. Beta-diversity differed significantly between the taxa; lichens had the lowest, while beetles had the highest. Altogether beetles showed low association with the other taxa but high beta-diversity, which implies that they may require specific conservation planning.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Stiller, J., et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny, biogeography and systematics of hydrothermal vent and methane seep Amphisamytha (Ampharetidae, Annelida), with descriptions of three new species
- 2013
-
In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 11:1, s. 35-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amphisamytha has five currently recognized species. One of these, A. galapagensis has been reported from numerous hydrothermal vents and methane seeps across the Pacific Ocean. Here, a collection of Amphisamytha from a range of Pacific habitats, as well as Amathys lutzi from Atlantic hydrothermal vents, were studied using morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a deep-sea clade comprised of the previously recognized Amphisamytha species, and three lineages that are treated as new species. The morphologically distinct Amathys lutzi was nested within Amphisamytha and the monotypic Amathys is treated as a junior synonym of Amphisamytha, with a resulting name change to Amphisamytha lutzi comb. nov. A revision of the other Amphisamytha species, the description of three new species, and a key are provided. The geographic range of the ‘cosmopolitan’ A. galapagensis is restricted to hydrothermal vents of the East Pacific Rise and the Galápagos Ridge. Amphisamytha fauchaldi, previously only known from sedimented hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico), is recorded from cold seeps off the coasts of Costa Rica and Oregon. Amphisamytha carldarei sp. nov. is described from hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific (Juan de Fuca), while A. jacksoni sp. nov. spans much of the East Pacific Rise and is sympatric with A. galapagensis for part of its range. Amphisamytha julianeae sp. nov. is found at western Pacific vent systems in sympatry with A. vanuatuensis. Relaxed molecular clock analyses were calibrated using the vicariant event involving the Farallon-Pacific Ridge in the northern Pacific Ocean. This provides mean dates for the origin of the deep-sea Amphisamytha clade at 44 or 55 million years ago, and the separation of the Pacific–Atlantic sister-species pair at 13 or 21 million years ago, depending on the tree used.
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| 7. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Systematics and biodiversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) with descriptions of six new species from deep-sea whale-fall and wood-fall habitats in the north-east Pacific
- 2012
-
In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 10:2, s. 243-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six new Ophryotrocha species are described from five whale-falls and two wood-falls off the southern Californian coast. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear gene H3 and the mitochondrial genes COI and 16S using MrBayes and maximum likelihood analyses were performed on 40 dorvilleid taxa and one outgroup. Ophryotrocha batillus sp. nov. is morphologically identical to Ophryotrocha scutellus described from a shallow water whale-fall in the North Atlantic, although the two cryptic species differ genetically. Ophryotrocha langstrumpae sp. nov. is closely related in the molecular phylogenetic analyses to these two sibling species. Ophryotrocha flabella sp. nov. is similar to Ophryotrocha globopalpata, and although there are a few morphological differences, the genetic divergence is low between the two species. Ophryotrocha nauarchus sp. nov. is sexually dimorphic, with males having appendages on the first chaetiger. Ophryotrocha magnadentata sp. nov. and Ophryotrocha longicollaris sp. nov. are sister species in our molecular analyses, and together with O. nauarchus sp. nov. and O. flabella sp. nov. they fall within a clade that includes O. globopalpata and Exallopus jumarsi described from hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean and Ophryotrocha longidentata from the shallow North Atlantic. Our results highlight the remarkable unknown diversity of deep-water habitats and the role of chemosynthetic ecosystems in the evolution of deep-sea life.
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| 8. |
- Willis, Kathy J., et al.
(author)
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4 degrees C and beyond: what did this mean for biodiversity in the past?
- 2010
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In: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 8, s. 3-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do the predicted climatic changes (IPCC, 2007) for the next century compare in magnitude and rate to those that Earth has previously encountered? Are there comparable intervals of rapid rates of temperature change, sea-level rise and levels of atmospheric CO2 that can be used as analogues to assess possible biotic responses to future change? Or are we stepping into the great unknown? This perspective article focuses on intervals in time in the fossil record when atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased up to 1200 ppmv, temperatures in mid-to high-latitudes increased by greater than 4 degrees C within 60 years, and sea levels rose by up to 3 m higher than present. For these intervals in time, case studies of past biotic responses are presented to demonstrate the scale and impact of the magnitude and rate of such climate changes on biodiversity. We argue that although the underlying mechanisms responsible for these past changes in climate were very different (i.e. natural processes rather than anthropogenic), the rates and magnitude of climate change are similar to those predicted for the future and therefore potentially relevant to understanding future biotic response. What emerges from these past records is evidence for rapid community turnover, migrations, development of novel ecosystems and thresholds from one stable ecosystem state to another, but there is very little evidence for broad-scale extinctions due to a warming world. Based on this evidence from the fossil record, we make four recommendations for future climate-change integrated conservation strategies.
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| 9. |
- White, Travis A., et al.
(author)
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Mechanistic insights into electrocatalytic CO2 reduction within [Ru-II(tpy)(NN)X](n+) architectures
- 2014
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In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 43:40, s. 15028-15037
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of Ru-II-polypyridyl complexes of the design [Ru-II(tpy)(NN)X](n+) (tpy = 2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine; NN = bidentate polypyridine; X = Cl or CH3CN; n = 1 or 2) have been synthesized and analyzed for their ability to function as electrocatalysts in the reduction of CO2 to CO. Varying the electron-donating/withdrawing character of the NN polypyridyl ligand has allowed for modification of electron density at the formally Ru-II metal center. Complexes where X = Cl- display ligand substitution for CH3CN with differing rates of Cl- dissociation (k(-Cl)), therefore providing a degree of insight into the electron density and thus the chemical activity at the Ru-II center. Detailed analysis of the cyclic voltammograms under argon vs. CO2 atmospheres using multiple switching potentials and scan rates ranging from v = 25-2000 mV s(-1) has painted a picture of how monodentate ligand lability due to NN polypyridyl electron-donating character is related to electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of Ru-II-polypyridyl complexes. From these studies, multiple mechanistic pathways towards generating the catalytically active [Ru(tpy(-))(NN-)CO2](0) species are proposed and differ via the order of electrochemical and chemical processes.
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| 10. |
- Ślósarczyk, Adam T., 1983-, et al.
(author)
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The molecular recognition of phosphorylated proteins by designed polypeptides conjugated to a small molecule that binds phosphate
- 2011
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In: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 9:22, s. 7697-7704
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The conjugation of polypeptides from a designed set to the small molecule ligand 3,5-bis[[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzoic acid, which in the presence of Zn2+ ions binds inorganic phosphate, has been shown to provide a polypeptide conjugate that binds α-casein, a multiply phosphorylated protein, with a dissociation constant KD of 17 nM. The measured affinity is more than three orders of magnitude higher than that of the small molecule ligand for phosphate and the binding of 500 nM of α-casein was not inhibited by 10 mM phosphate buffer, providing a 2000-fold excess of phosphate ion over protein. The selectivity for phosphoproteins was demonstrated by extraction of α-casein from solutions of various complexity, including milk and human serum spiked with α-casein. In addition to α-casein, β-casein was also recognized but not ovoalbumin. Conjugation of a polypeptide to the zinc chelating ligand was therefore shown to give rise to dramatically increased affinity and also increased selectivity. A set of polypeptide conjugates is expected to be able to capture a large number of phosphorylated proteins, perhaps all, and in combination with electrophoresis or mass spectrometry become a powerful tool for the monitoring of phosphorylation levels. The presented binder can easily be attached to various types of surfaces; here demonstrated for the case of polystyrene particles. The example of phosphoproteins was selected since posttranslational phosphorylation is of fundamental importance in cell biology due to its role in signaling and therefore of great interest in drug development. The reported concept for binder development is, however, quite general and high-affinity binders can conveniently be developed for a variety of proteins including those with posttranslational modifications for which small molecule recognition elements are available.
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| 11. |
- Säwén, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Conformational flexibility of the pentasaccharide LNF-2 deduced from NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations
- 2012
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In: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 10:23, s. 4577-4585
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important as prebiotics since they stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine and act as receptor analogues that can inhibit the binding of pathogens. The conformation and dynamics of the HMO Lacto-N-fucopentaose 2 (LNF-2), alpha-L-Fucp-(1 -> 4)-[beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glcp, having a Lewis A epitope, has been investigated employing NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. 1D H-1, H-1-NOESY experiments were used to obtain proton-proton cross-relaxation rates from which effective distances were deduced and 2D J-HMBC and 1D long-range experiments were utilized to measure trans-glycosidic (3)J(CH) coupling constants. The MD simulations using the PARM22/SU01 force field for carbohydrates were carried out for 600 ns with explicit water as solvent which resulted in excellent sampling for flexible glycosidic torsion angles. In addition, in vacuo MD simulations were performed using an MM3-2000 force field, but the agreement was less satisfactory based on an analysis of heteronuclear trans-glycosidic coupling constants. LNF-2 has a conformationally well-defined region consisting of the terminal branched part of the pentasaccharide, i.e., the Lewis A epitope, and a flexible beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-Galp-linkage towards the lactose unit, which is situated at the reducing end. For this beta-(1 -> 3)-linkage a negative. torsion angle is favored, when experimental NMR data is combined with the MD simulation in the analysis. In addition, flexibility on a similar time scale, i.e., on the order of the global overall molecular reorientation, may also be present for the. torsion angle of the beta-D-Galp-(1 -> 4)-D-Glcp-linkage as suggested by the simulation. It was further observed from a temperature variation study that some H-1 NMR chemical shifts of LNF-2 were highly sensitive and this study indicates that Delta delta/Delta T may be an additional tool for revealing conformational dynamics of oligosaccharides.
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| 12. |
- Agarwala, Hemlata
(author)
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Electronic structures and selective fluoride sensingfeatures of Os(bpy)2(HL2−) and [{Os(bpy)2}2(μ-HL2−)]2+(H3L: 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid)
- 2014
-
In: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 43, s. 13932-13947
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article deals with the newly designed mononuclear and asymmetric dinuclear osmium(II) complexesOsII(bpy)2(HL2−) (1) and [(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL2−)OsII(bpy)2](Cl)2 ([2](Cl)2)/[(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL2−)OsII(bpy)2](ClO4)2([2](ClO4)2), respectively, (H3L = 5-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid and bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine). The identity of 1 has been established by its single crystal X-ray structure. The ligand (HL2−)-basedprimary oxidation process (E°298, 0.23 V versus SCE) along with the partial metal contribution (∼20%) in 1 hasbeen revealed by the ligand-dominated HOMO of 1 (HL2−: 88%, Os: 8%), as well as by the Mulliken spindensity distribution of 1+ (HL2−: 0.878, Os: 0.220). Accordingly, 1+ exhibits a free radical type EPR at 77 K witha partial metal-based anisotropic feature (g1 = 2.127, g2 = 2.096, g3 = 2.046; = 2.089; Δg = 0.08).1H-NMR of the dinuclear 22+ in CDCl3 suggests an intimate mixture of two diastereomeric forms in a 1 : 1ratio. The DFT-supported predominantly Os(II)/Os(III)-based couples of asymmetric 22+ at 0.24 V and 0.50 Vversus SCE result in a comproportionation constant (Kc) value of 8.2 × 104. The class I mixed valent state of23+ (S = 1/2) has, however, been corroborated by the Mulliken spin density distribution of Os1: 0.887, Os2:0.005, HL2−: 0.117, as well as by the absence of a low-energy IVCT (intervalence charge transfer) band in thenear-IR region (up to 2000 nm). The appreciable spin accumulation on the bridge in 23+ or 24+ (S = 1, Os1:0.915, Os2: 0.811 and HL2−: 0.275) implies a mixed electronic structural form of [(bpy)2OsIII(μ-HL2−)-OsII(bpy)2]3+(major)/[(bpy)2OsII(μ-HL•−)OsII(bpy)2]3+(minor) or [(bpy)2OsIII(μ-HL2−)OsIII(bpy)2]4+(major)/[(bpy)2-OsIII(μ-HL•−)OsII(bpy)2]4+ (minor), respectively. The mixed valent {OsIII(μ-HL2−)OsII} state in 23+, however, fails toshow EPR at 77 K due to the rapid spin relaxation process. The DFT-supported bpy-based two reductions forboth 1+ and 22+ appear in the potential range of −1.5 V to −1.8 V versus SCE. The electronic transitions in 1nand 2n are assigned by the TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore, the potential anion sensing features of 1 and22+ via the involvement of the available N–H proton in the framework of coordinated HL2− have been evaluatedby different experimental investigations, in conjunction with the DFT calculations, using a wide variety ofanions such as F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, OAc−, SCN−, HSO4− and H2PO4−. This, however, establishes that both 1 and 22+are equally efficient in recognising the F− ion selectively, with log K values of 6.83 and 5.89, respectively.
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| 13. |
- Nilsson, Staffan, et al.
(author)
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No connection between the level of exposition to statins in the population and the incidence/mortality of acute myocardial infarction : An ecological study based on Sweden’s municipalities
- 2011
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In: Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5751. ; 10:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundRandomised controlled trials have shown an excellent preventive effect of statins on ischemic heart disease. Our objective was to investigate if a relation can be detected between acute myocardial infarction- (AMI) mortality or incidence and statin utilisation, for men and women in different age-groups on a population basis.ResultsThe utilisation rate of statins increased almost three times for both men and women between 1998 and 2002. During 1998-2000 the incidence of AMI decreased clearly for men but only slightly for women. Mortality decreased from 1998 to 2002. The change in statin utilisation from 1998 to 2000 showed no correlation to the change in AMI mortality from 2000 to 2002. Statin utilisation and AMI- incidence or mortality showed no correlations when adjusting for socio-economic deprivation, antidiabetic drugs and geographic coordinates.ConclusionsDespite a widespread and increasing utilisation of statins, no correlation to the incidence or mortality of AMI could be detected. Other factors than increased statin treatment should be analysed especially when discussing the allocation of public resources.
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| 14. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(author)
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Reconstruction of a regional drought index in southern Sweden since AD 1750
- 2011
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In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 21:4, s. 667-679
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We used a network of eight pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) sites (n(trees) = 70) and one Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) site (n(trees) = 53) to develop drought-sensitive master chronologies for the two areas in southern Scandinavia: a SW-area centred on 57AN 12.7AE and a NE-area centred on 58.8AN 18.2AE. The ratio of actual to equilibrium evapotranspiration (AET/EET) was used as a measure of drought during the growing season defined as the period with average daily temperatures above 9 degrees C. Instrumental data were used to parameterize the relationship between tree-ring data and the drought index (DI) over 1922-2000 for the SW area and over 1922-1995 for the NE area. The DI reconstructions explained 29.7% (SW area) and 43.7% (NE area) of the variance in the observed DI index in the calibration period, and were extended back to AD 1770 for the SW area and to AD 1750 for the NE area. Reconstructed drought dynamics suggested strong decadal- and century-scale temporal variability and limited regional synchronicity over 1770-2000. Large variations in DI were observed in both regions in the second half of the 1700s. Dry conditions were synchronously reconstructed in both sub-regions during 1781-1784, 1853-1855, and, to a lesser degree, during 1974-1978. Over the 1945-1975 period the SW area exhibited a trend towards drier growing seasons, whereas no such trend could be identified for the NE area. Analysis of correlation maps indicated that regional DI dynamics reflected two different climate regimes, associated with the Kattegat area (SW reconstruction) and southeastern Swedish coast of the Baltic sea (NE reconstruction).
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| 15. |
- Snellman, Ingrid, et al.
(author)
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The value ground of nursing
- 2012
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In: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 19:6, s. 714-726
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this literature study was to suggest a value ground for nursing anchored in two ethical principles:the principle of human value and the right to experience a meaningful life. Previous nursing researchbetween the years 2000 and 2009 was analysed. Presented values suggested in this value ground arethus in line with the nursing context and science of today. Statements within ethical literature have beenused in order to formulate arguments aimed at supporting the values that were found in the study. Inthe literature study six values were found: trust, nearness, sympathy, support, knowledge andresponsibility. These values hold equal status and are not presented in hierarchical order. They vary dueto the persons involved, nursing situations and cultural surroundings, but have the common requirementof being non-excluding. In order to implement the values within the value ground, two prerequisites arediscussed and claimed as essential: ethical dialogue and a caring encounter between care provider andpatients.
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| 16. |
- Augustsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Effects of land use and climate change on erosion intensity and sediment geochemistry at Lake Lehmilampi, Finland
- 2013
-
In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 23:9, s. 1247-1259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper aims to evaluate the possible relationships between erosion intensity and changes in climate and land use during the past 5.5 cal. k years at Lake Lehmilampi, eastern Finland. In this study we compare a detailed geochemical sediment record with (1) forest and land use history inferred from the first pollen and charcoal records from Lake Lehmilampi, and (2) existing archaeological surveys and independent proxy-records of climate change in the study region. The physical and geochemical sediment parameters examined include grain size analysis data and 23 chemical elements, determined with four selective extractions and ICP-MS. There are indications of possible human impact in the lake catchment as early as the Neolithic period, c. 3000-2550 bc, but the first undisputable signs are dated to 1800-100 bc. Cereal pollen reappears at c. ad 1700 and increases rapidly until c. ad 1950. The Holocene Thermal Maximum, its end c. 2000 bc, and the Medieval Climate Anomaly' were major climate events that had a prominent effect on erosion intensity, while human impact was a more significant factor during the period 3000 bc-ad 800 and from ad 1500 onwards. Although signs of changes in erosion intensity found in the sediment were small in this small catchment, they were significant enough to have a clear impact on the fraction of potentially mobile element species. This fraction increases with decreasing erosion intensity, which is probably related to a higher degree of chemical weathering and leaching during periods of decreased erosion.
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| 17. |
- Gyllencreutz, Richard, et al.
(author)
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Mid- to late-Holocene paleoceanographic changes on the southeastern Brazilian shelf based on grain size records
- 2010
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In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 20:6, s. 863-875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ; High-resolution grain size analyses of three AMS C-14-dated cores from the Southeastern Brazilian shelf provide a detailed record of mid- to late-Holocene environmental changes in the Southwestern Atlantic Margin. The cores exhibit millennial variability that we associate with the previously described southward shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) average latitudinal position over the South American continent during the Holocene climatic maximum. This generated changes in the wind-driven current system of the SW Atlantic margin and modified the grain size characteristics of the sediments deposited there. Centennial variations in the grain size are associated with a previously described late-Holocene enhancement of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude, which led to stronger NNE trade winds off eastern Brazil, favouring SW transport of sediments from the Paraiba do Sul River. This is recorded in a core from off Cabo Frio as a coarsening trend from 3000 cal. BP onwards. The ENSO enhancement also caused changes in precipitation and wind pattern in southern Brazil, allowing high discharge events and northward extensions of the low-saline water plume from Rio de la Plata. We propose that this resulted in a net increase in northward alongshore transport of fine sediments, seen as a prominent fine-shift at 2000 cal. BP in a core from similar to 24 degrees S on the Brazilian shelf. Wavelet-and spectral analysis of the sortable silt records show a significant similar to 1000-yr periodicity, which we attribute to solar forcing. If correct, this is one of the first indications of solar forcing of this timescale on the Southwestern Atlantic margin.
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| 18. |
- Erbs-Hansen, Dorthe Reng, et al.
(author)
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Holocene climatic development in Skagerrak, eastern North Atlantic : Foraminiferal and stable isotopic evidence
- 2012
-
In: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 22:3, s. 301-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A high-resolution multiproxy study of core MD99-2286 reveals a highly variable hydrographic environment in the Skagerrak from 9300 cal. yr BP to the present. The study includes foraminiferal faunas, stable isotopes and sedimentary parameters, as well as temperature and salinity reconstructions of a c. 29 m long radiocarbon-dated core record. The multivariate technique fuzzy c-means was applied to the foraminiferal counts, and it was extremely valuable in defining subtle heterogeneities in the foraminiferal faunal data corresponding to hydrographic changes. The major early-/mid-Holocene (Littorina) transgression led to flooding of large former land areas in the North Sea, the opening of the English Channel and Danish straits, and initiation of the modern circulation system. This is reflected by fluctuating C/N values and an explosive bloom of Hyalinea balthica. A slight indication of ameliorated conditions between 8000 and 5750 cal. yr BP is related to the Holocene Thermal Maximum. A subsequent increase in freshwater/Baltic water influence between 5750 and 4350 cal. yr BP is reflected by dominance of Bulimina marginata and depleted delta O-18 values. The Neoglacial cooling (after 4350 cal. yr BP) is seen in the Skagerrak as enhanced turbidity, increasing TOC values and short-term changes in an overall Cassidulina laevigata-dominated fauna suggesting a prevailing influence of Atlantic waters. This is in agreement with increased strength of westerly winds, as recorded for this period. The last 2000 years were also dominated by Atlantic Water conditions with generally abundant nutrient supply. However, during warm periods, particularly the 'Medieval Warm Period'and the modern warming, the area was subject to a restriction in the supply of nutrients and/or the nutrient supply had a more refractory character.
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- Bengtsson, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Cardiovascular event in systemic lupus erythematosus in northern Sweden: Incidence and predictors in a 7-year follow-up study
- 2012
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In: Lupus. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 21:4, s. 452-459
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction. An increased rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risk for myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease and stroke has been reported as particularly prevalent in younger females compared with the reference population. This study was performed to analyse the standard incidence ratio (SIR) of and predictors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with SLE from northern Sweden, with a fairly homogenous population. Methods. In 2000 all prevalent patients with SLE (>= 4 American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria; n=277) from the four northern-most counties of Sweden were assessed with clinical and laboratory analyses. Seven years follow-up data concerning MI and stroke were extracted from the national registers of hospitalization and death in Sweden. The incidence ratio among the patients was compared with that for the general population from the same catchment area using data from the same register and Statistics Sweden. To identify time to event and CVE predictors, two matched controls for each patient were used and disease related variables as CVD predictors. Results. The SIR for a CVE was 1.27 (95% CI 0.82-1.87) and for females separately aged 40-49 years was 8.00 (95% CI 1.65-23.38). The overall SIR for MI was 2.31 (95% CI 1.34-3.7), for females overall was 1.75 (95% CI 0.84-3.22) and for females aged between 40 and 49 years was 8.7 (95% CI 1.1-31.4). The time to an event was significantly shorter among SLE patients (p<0.001) and was predicted by hypertension adjusted for smoking and disease. High SLEDAI and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies predicted an event in Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and previous MI. Diabetes, smoking ever and sex did not affect the prediction models. Conclusion. The risk of a CVE, or MI, was eight-or nine-fold greater among middle-aged female SLE patients. Time to event was significantly shorter and CVE was associated with SLE-related factors including hypertension and age. Lupus (2012) 21, 452-459.
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