| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Screening of psychiatric disorders via the Internet. A pilot study with tinnitus patients
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:4, s. 287-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tinnitus has been associated with psychiatric disorders and more recently diagnostic tools have been used in a systematic manner. In the present study, we administered the World Health Organisation's Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short form (CIDI-SF) in a computerized Internet-based version to a self-selected sample of tinnitus patients (n=48). Using the cut-off for 'probable case' (12-month prevalence), 69% of the tinnitus patients fulfilled the criteria for depression, 60% for generalized anxiety disorder, 83% for specific phobia, 67% for social phobia, 58% for agoraphobia, 21% panic attack, 83% obsessive - compulsive disorder, 2% alcohol dependence and 0% drug dependence. Decreased percentages were found for depression (4%), specific phobia (62%) and social phobia (27%) when applying a more conservative criteria (maximum case criteria). In conclusion, the findings suggest that the Internet version of CIDI-SF can be used as a screening tool for psychiatric disturbance in somatic patients, but that diagnostic criteria need to be adjusted for Internet use.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Autistic traits in obsessive-compulsive disorder
- 2001
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo, Norway : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 55:3, s. 169-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In contrast to other non-psychotic psychiatric populations, subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are more prone to have personality disorder from cluster A (the odd and eccentric cluster). The present study aims at further investigating the relationship between these and other personality traits in OCD subjects and their relation to high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger disorder. Sixty-four subjects with OCD were included. Personality traits were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), and personality disorders with DSM-adapted questionnaires. In addition, autistic traits were assessed in 29 videotaped subjects, by 3 independent raters. Twenty percent of the subjects with OCD were identified as also having autistic traits. These subjects scored higher on KSP scales measuring muscular tension, psychasthenia, and inhibition of aggression and lower on socialization as compared with OCD subjects without autistic traits. Additionally, subjects with autistic traits fulfilled criteria for anxious personality disorders and paranoid personality disorders significantly more often than subjects without autistic traits. We propose that OCD is often related to HFA and Asperger disorder. Self-report questionnaires may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. However, those with the most obvious autistic features seem to be less able to identify these traits in themselves.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Changes in mental well-being during Minnesota treatment.
- 2004
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In: Nordic journal of psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:5, s. 383-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study assessed mental well-being daily in 28 alcohol-dependent patients who underwent 28 days of Minnesota inpatient treatment. The Swedish Mood Adjective Check List (sMACL) with six bipolar dimensions was used for daily self-reports. At start of treatment, patients had lower levels in four dimensions of mental well-being compared to those of a norm group. Moreover, patients showed significant improvements in all levels of mental well-being during treatment, and at the end of treatment patients had values within the normal range, except for one dimension (activation/deactivation), in which the levels were significantly higher. The findings may suggest a beneficial effect of this type of treatment on mental well-being, although findings may also reflect a mere effect of adjustment to treatment or the social situation.
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| 8. |
- Bogren, Lennart, 1948-, et al.
(author)
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Panic disorder and the Defence Mechanism Test
- 2002
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 56, s. 195-199
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to study defence categories according to the modified version of the Defence Mechanism Test (DMTm) and to see if there was a relationship between DMTm and severity of illness. The material consists of 23 patients with panic disorder according to DSM-III-R who participated in a long-term follow-up of two clinical trials. The most common defence categories were repression, denial, disavowal or denial of the threat relation or of the identity of the peripheral person. The patients with denial or polymorphous identification had more severe symptoms and the latter group also were more handicapped by their symptoms. Denial and disavowal or denial of the threat relation may be defence categories, which are not so effective in preventing the individual from experiencing anxiety. Polymorphous identification, although not so common, does not seem to be an appropriate defence among patients with panic disorder.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Borna, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Self-poisonings with drugs by adolescents in the Lund catchment area
- 2001
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 55:5, s. 325-328
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our objective was to investigate which drugs young people who attempt suicide use in the Lund catchment area-eight municipalities in Skane, southern Sweden. All patients aged up to 18 years admitted to Lund University Hospital after deliberate or probably deliberate self-poisoning from 1 January 1991 until 31 December 1995 were included. Forty-nine (58%) had used a single drug; 20 (24%) had used 3 or more drugs. Fifty-two (61%) used analgesics-paracetamol was used by 38 (45%) and propoxyphene by 17 (20%). Thirty-one (36%) had ingested psychotropics-13 used benzodiazepines, 10 antidepressants, and 8 antipsychotics. Eleven (15%) had used drugs in combination with alcohol. We conclude that it is important to follow changes in self-poisoning patterns, to monitor the effects of preventive work and discover new trends in drug use.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Brunt, David, et al.
(author)
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Characteristics of the social environment of small group homes for individuals with severe mental illness
- 2002
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 1502-4725. ; 56:1, s. 39-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As part of research into small group homes run by local authorities for those with severe mental illness the characteristics of the social environment was investigated. The ideal and real versions of the Community Oriented Program Environmental Scale (COPES) were administered to residents and staff of small group homes in a county in southern Sweden. Both these groups were also interviewed on their opinions as to the main characteristics that should exist in the social environment in small group homes. High levels of support, order and organization, and program clarity and a low level of anger and aggression distinguished the real social environment according to the residents. Differences between residents' and staffs perceptions were less pronounced than in most other studies, probably owing to a greater level of resident-staff interaction in the home-like milieu. In the interviews both the residents and staff emphasized the importance of social interaction as a major constituent in the social environment of small group homes. The COPES instrument appears to be valid for use in small group homes, although some concern can be raised about two of the subscales, Involvement and Practical Orientation. The social environment, as rated by the residents and staff, was similar to that recommended for psychotic patients and to that proposed as a suitable supportive profile together with low levels of staff control and anger and aggression.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Brunt, David, et al.
(author)
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The quality of life of persons with severe mental illness across housing settings
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 58:4, s. 293-298
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare the subjective quality of life of persons with severe mental illness in inpatient settings and two types of supported housing, small congregate community residences and independent living with support. Seventy-six persons living in three types of housing were interviewed using the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. Analysis showed no differences in subjective and objective quality of life or in clinical and socio-demographic data between individuals living in the two types of supported community residences. Greater satisfaction in four life domains, living situation, social relations, leisure activities and work and two global measures, was registered by individuals in the pooled ratings from the two types of supported community residences as compared to those in inpatient settings. The former were also more satisfied than their counterparts were in inpatient settings concerning specific aspects of the living situation domain. It is concluded that differences in housing settings impact specifically on the living situation life domain but also on other life domains as well as on global quality of life, despite few differences in objective quality of life indicators. There was no evidence to support the concept of the quality of life gradient across housing settings.
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| 15. |
- Bulow, P., et al.
(author)
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Long-term consequences of the reformation of psychiatric care : A 15-year follow-up study
- 2002
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 56:1, s. 15-21
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although there are a great many epidemiological studies of psychiatric diseases and the outcomes of controlled rehabilitation programmes, there is a shortage of studies of routine psychiatric care. This study is a retrospective cohort study of the total number (n = 138) of patients receiving inpatient care at a psychiatric rehabilitation clinic in Jönköping during 1984. The follow-up period is 15 years, 1984-98. The group had a considerable amount of inpatient care, but this decreased dramatically during the time of investigation. Positive indications were that there were no suicides during the last 5 years of the period and that the number of registered crimes showed a marked decrease from 1992. Negative indications were low levels of work and occupation and few social contacts.
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| 16. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(author)
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An epidemiological study on gender differences in self-reported seasonal changes in mood and behaviour in a general population of northern Sweden.
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:6, s. 429-37
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gender differences have been reported regarding symptoms, prevalence and heritability of seasonal affective disorders (SAD). We focus on gender aspects in this study of self-reported seasonal changes in mood and behaviour in a general population. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) was completed by 2620 adults (55.6% women) aged 35-85 years, enrolled in the Betula prospective random cohort study of Umeå, Sweden. October to February turned out to be suitable winter months. SAD was found in 2.2% and sub-syndromal SAD (S-SAD) in 5.7%. Women had about 1.5 times higher prevalences than men, and seasonality problems decreased with age in both genders. Preference for eating least was distributed with a peak in summer, whereas preference for eating most had a major peak in winter (winter eaters) and a minor peak in summer (summer eaters). Significantly more of winter eaters in women, and significantly more of summer eaters in men, felt worst in winter. Seasonal change in weight was considered significantly as a problem by women but not by men. Winter behaviour of sleeping most was considered significantly as a problem by men but not by women. Women reacted significantly to temperature-related changes (negatively to cold/short days and positively to hot/long days), whereas men reacted significantly to sunshine-related changes (negatively to cloudy days and positively to sunny days). Subtle gender differences may thus underlie the pathophysiology of seasonal problems. Studies of an eventual efficacy of treating SAD women with raised ambient temperature, and gender-specific comparisons with other therapies, would be of interest.
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| 17. |
- d'Elia, Giacomo
(author)
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Attachment : A biological basis for the therapeutic relationship?
- 2001
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 55:5, s. 329-336
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When faced with loss, illness, distress, or threat, we tend to seek out an attachment figure from which we can obtain comfort and protection. The attachment theory, an evolutionary biosocial theory of development, postulates that the propensity to make strong emotional bonds to a differentiated and preferred person, conceived as stronger and or wiser, is a basic component of the human nature, distinct from feeding and sexuality. Attachment behaviour is present in germinal form in the neonate and continues to be present ''from the cradle to the grave''. On the basis of day-to-day experience of the responsiveness and accessibility of caregivers, children build internal working models of attachment figures and of themselves. Expectations about the likely behaviour of others, initially preverbal, characterize the approach of the individual to other persons. Internal working models are successively modified on the basis of recent experience. The therapeutic relationship can be viewed as the seeking of a secure base, from which the patient and the therapist, in a joint effort, explore the patient's attachment history and the painful feelings associated with it. The therapist, responsive to the patient's verbal and non-verbal attachment signals, is viewed as a supplementary attachment figure.
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| 18. |
- Dobrov, Eugen, et al.
(author)
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"Reasons For Living" - Translation, psychometric evaluation and relationships to suicidal behaviour in a Swedish random sample
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:4, s. 277-285
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The protective role of positive beliefs and expectations against suicide has been studied using the Reasons For Living inventory (RFL). The RFL has shown to be useful in research and suggested for use in clinical practice. A Swedish translation of the RFL was examined for psychometric properties, reliability, latent structure and convergent validity in a Swedish general population. The RFL was distributed with the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ) to 1366 randomly selected subjects aged 20-65 years in the county of Östergötland. The results were based on 506 complete replies. The Cronbach a of the total RFL was 0.92, ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 in the six scales of RFL. The intercorrelations between the scales were weak and the scale to total RFL score moderate to high. The factor structure and item loadings of the inventory showed great similarities with the American one with exception for the scales Responsibility to Family and Child-related Concerns, which formed one common factor. The convergent validity was supported by significant relationships to the items of the SBQ. It is concluded that the Swedish translation of the RFL inventory in a Swedish general sample possesses great similarities to the American original RFL. Thus, it is suggested as an instrument for research and clinical usage in Sweden. © 2004 Taylor & Francis.
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| 19. |
- Dåderman, Anna, et al.
(author)
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The prevalence of dyslexia and AD/HD in a sample of forensic psychiatric rapists
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:5, s. 371-381
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of dyslexia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) (DSM-IV) is markedly increased among those who are sentenced for criminal offences. The aim of the study was to identify developmental disabilities, dyslexia and AD/HD among severely disturbed men in forensic psychiatric care, and to study the co-occurrence of such disabilities, with the objective to discuss the importance of the diagnoses in forensic psychiatry. The participants were 10 males who had committed rape on adult women, and included two murder-rapists, one of which had murdered more than one victim (i.e. a serial murderer). All had been assigned to special long term forensic psychiatric care, based predominantly on a psychodynamic ground. In order to be identified as having dyslexia, a participant’s performance on at least three out of four tests of academic skills had to be markedly below the expected level (more than two stanine steps), given the participant’s non-verbal intellectual capacity and considering the length of his education. AD/HD was investigated by studying the participants’ forensic psychiatric files and by a clinical interview. Seven of the 10 participants met the DSM-IV criteria for dyslexia, and six of them met the DSM-IV criteria for AD/HD. Four participants had AD/HD and dyslexia, three had AD/HD but no dyslexia, and two had dyslexia but no AD/HD. Only one participant had neither dyslexia nor AD/HD. The participants with dyslexia performed well in tests assessing non-verbal reasoning, visuo-spatial capacity and visual memory. Although the generalization of the results from 10 rapists is severely limited, the results indicate the importance of assessing dyslexia as well as AD/HD in people who are admitted for forensic psychiatric assessment. The lack of correct diagnoses may negatively influence the choice of appropriate forensic psychiatric care. Early assessment of those disorders might have a positive influence on the psychological development and socialization process in people with dyslexia and/or AD/HD.
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| 20. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Determinants of satisfaction with community-based psychiatric services: A cross-sectional study among schizophrenia outpatients
- 2001
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 55:6, s. 413-418
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This was a cross-sectional study investigating factors related to satisfaction with care among long-term mentally ill patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, selected from an outpatient register. Demographic factors, personality variables, and health-related factors were related to their satisfaction with care. Satisfaction with care showed no relationships to demographic factors such as age, living conditions, or civil status. However, significant associations indicated that patients who had never been hospitalized for mental illness, who were native Swedes, or who had an independent living rated their satisfaction with care higher. Personality, measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory, showed a relationship to satisfaction with care on only one dimension, self-directedness, of seven. Some of the results indicated a relationship between subjective measures and satisfaction with care, and some did not, but, taken together, the findings suggested a partial influence from a subjective factor on both subjective measures of well-being and on satisfaction with care. However, associations between interviewer-rated measures of health-related variables and satisfaction with care proposed that the better-functioning patients were more satisfied with the care, in turn indicating that the services better suited these patients. Thus, assuming that the influence of treatment was controlled for through the selection of long-term mentally ill subjects, this study pointed to two determinants of satisfaction with care: a selectively working subjective factor and the services being better designed for the better-functioning patients.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Haglund, Lena, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Psychiatric occupational therapy service - Quality assurance
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:5, s. 403-407
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last few decades, quality assurance has been a central issue in the societies, both in, for example the industrial area and in healthcare. It is a tool to measure the outcomes of product or service provided. A review of the literature during the last 17 years with respect to quality assurance work in psychiatric occupational therapy indicates that few articles have been published in the area and that their scientific quality is questionable. The studies show many methodological shortcomings, which result in difficulty drawing any conclusion from the studies. The number of publications is also decreasing. Furthermore, a survey to investigate quality assurance work in psychiatric occupational therapy service shows that the occupational therapists do not work with quality assurance methods to a great extent. The methods they use most are interviews with patients and patient questionnaire. Both these methods require documentation in order to offer the patient a suitable service. Quality assurance work will be difficult to implement if no documentation is available. Documentation is central to communicating with other professions and with the client. This study points out that occupational therapists need to improve practice as well as research concerning quality assurance in order to ensure that they offer the patient a high-quality service.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hansson, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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A salutogenic investigation and treatment of conduct disorder (CD)
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 58:1, s. 5-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reports results from a long-term follow-up of adolescents with conduct disorder who have been patients at an inpatient child psychiatric unit in Lund, Sweden. Up to now, a total of 186 adolescents have participated in the follow-up study. The subjects are a heavily symptom-loaded group with many problems during their childhood. The study includes self-rating that describe psychiatric symptoms, sense of coherence, family climate and an interviewer rating on health. The follow-up paints a relatively positive picture; approximately 30-50% of the subjects have improved their lives and have an acceptable life situation according to the concepts of "love well", "play well", "work well" and "expect well".
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| 27. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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The relationship of needs and quality of life in persons with schizophrenia living in the community : a Nordic multi-center study
- 2003
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:1, s. 5-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relationship between needs for care and support and subjective quality of life was investigated in a cross-sectional multi-center study including 418 individuals with schizophrenia from 10 centers in Nordic countries. Needs in 22 domains were investigated by interviews with key workers and their patients using the Camberwell Assessment of Need scale, and quality of life by the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. The results showed that key workers rated slightly more needs than patients. To have more unmet needs, as rated by both key workers and patients, were correlated to a worse overall subjective quality of life, while met needs showed no such association. A regression analysis, controlling for clinical and social characteristics of the patients, showed more unmet needs to be associated with a worse quality of life, accounting for 6% out of a total of 41% explained variance in subjective quality of life. Regression analyses of the relationship of unmet needs in specific life domains and overall quality of life showed that unmet needs in five domains as perceived by patients accounted for 17% of the explained variance in overall quality of life. More than half of this variance was related to an unmet need in the domain of social relationships. It is concluded that unmet needs are of specific importance in needs assessment and that attention must be paid to separate met needs for care and services from unmet needs, since the latter seem more important to consider in order to improve outcome of interventions with regard to quality of life. Specific attention should in this context also be paid to unmet needs concerning social relationships and problems with accommodation.
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| 28. |
- Hansson, L, et al.
(author)
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The relationship of needs and quality of life in persons with schizophrenia living in the community. A Nordic multi-center study
- 2003
-
In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 57:1, s. 5-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relationship between needs for care and support and subjective quality of life was investigated in a cross-sectional multi-center study including 418 individuals with schizophrenia from 10 centers in Nordic countries. Needs in 22 domains were investigated by interviews with key workers and their patients using the Camberwell Assessment of Need scale, and quality of life by the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile. The results showed that key workers rated slightly more needs than patients. To have more unmet needs, as rated by both key workers and patients, were correlated to a worse overall subjective quality of life, while met needs showed no such association. A regression analysis, controlling for clinical and social characteristics of the patients, showed more unmet needs to be associated with a worse quality of life, accounting for 6% out of a total of 41% explained variance in subjective quality of life. Regression analyses of the relationship of unmet needs in specific life domains and overall quality of life showed that unmet needs in five domains as perceived by patients accounted for 17% of the explained variance in overall quality of life. More than half of this variance was related to an unmet need in the domain of social relationships. It is concluded that unmet needs are of specific importance in needs assessment and that attention must be paid to separate met needs for care and services from unmet needs, since the latter seem more important to consider in order to improve outcome of interventions with regard to quality of life. Specific attention should in this context also be paid to unmet needs concerning social relationships and problems with accommodation.
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| 29. |
- Jansson, Jan-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Stability of perceived ward atmosphere over time, diagnosis and gender for patients with psychosis.
- 2002
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 56:6, s. 407-412
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study the focus was on patients with psychosis treated in a psychiatric rehabilitation unit in southern Sweden. The study described the stability of the ward atmosphere over 2 years, as well as differences between subgroups of patients regarding gender and diagnosis. Furthermore, the perceived ward atmosphere was compared with what has been recommended in the literature. The ward atmosphere was measured by The Community-Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) five times during a 2-year period. The ward atmosphere was fairly stable over time, and in several respects it met the recommendations suggested for psychotic patients. There were few differences between schizophrenia patients and patients with other psychoses. No difference was found in perceived ward atmosphere with respect to gender. The study showed that the investigated unit, admitting almost only patients with psychosis, could provide a ward atmosphere accordance with the recommendations, probably due to a carefully planned program with a psychodynamically oriented supportive treatment milieu.
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| 30. |
- Jarbin, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Expressed emotion and prediction of relapse in adolescents with psychotic disorders
- 2000
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 54:3, s. 201-205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Expressed emotion (EE) is associated with relapse in adults with psychotic disorders. EE was assessed both at admission and after discharge with the Five Minutes Speech Sample (FMSS) in adolescent in-patients with psychotic disorders (n=15). The results showed that while neither admission nor post-discharge high-EE predicted relapse, the aggregated EE from admission or after discharge significantly predicted both 1- and 2-year relapse rate when borderline ratings were included in the high-EE group. While predictive power and the sensitivity of admission high-EE and relapse was moderate, the specificity of this association was very high (0.9 or more). The aggregated EE measure yielded high sensitivity and high specificity to predict relapse. Despite the low statistical power of the study, the results indicate that FMSS may be a useful tool in determining the risk of relapse in adolescent psychosis.
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| 31. |
- Jarkman-Björn, Gunilla, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Ethical aspects when treating traumatized refugee children and their families
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:3, s. 193-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Basic ethical principles are worth analysing step by step when dealing with refugee children and their families. Three issues where potential ethical conflicts might arise for healthcare professionals in treating refugees with different cultural background are pointed out-traumatic life events, hierarchy and repatriation. An ethical analysis of the decision to admit a traumatized teenage refugee to a psychiatric ward is discussed with respect for the ethical principles autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. There are both gains and losses, which are valued differently depending on the actors involved.
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| 32. |
- Johnsson, Per, et al.
(author)
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The troubled self in women with severe eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). A study using interviews, self-reports, and percept-genetic methods.
- 2001
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 55:5, s. 9-343
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fifteen anorectic (A) and 13 bulimic (B) patients aged 20-49 years, all seriously ill, and 21 controls were studied, using a half-structured interview, the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the tachistoscopic Identity Test (IT), and two other percept-genetic tests. The differences between A and B were not particularly pronounced, A patients being on the whole more sensitive and self-directed, and B patients more depressive and object-directed. The IT differentiated between patients and controls very powerfully with regard to alexithymia. A type of response in that test, emphasizing the eyes, was seen as a search for guidance. Descriptions of mother were generally negative.
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| 33. |
- Josefsson, Ann, et al.
(author)
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CYP2D6 genotypes and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and postpartum
- 2004
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:1, s. 61-4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this exploratory was to investigate the theory of a relation between cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype and depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and/or postpartum. We studied 145 women with depressive symptoms. CYP2D6 genotype was analysed in leukocyte DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no significant differences in CYP2D6 genotypes between the groups of women being depressed during and/or after pregnancy. The frequencies of CYP2D6 genotypes did not differ from other European studies. This study cannot confirm that depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and postpartum are connected with CYP2D6 genotype. It is, however, noteworthy that the frequency of ultrarapid metabolizers was higher than in a general Caucasian population. This warrants further exploration in a greater study sample, but should also be investigated in a general population with major depression.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Ingbeth, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Differences and similarities in sexual behaviour among pre-schoolers in Sweden and USA
- 2000
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 54:4, s. 251-257
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies of childhood sexual behaviour in a cross-cultural perspective are important in that they increase our knowledge of normative behaviour in general and enhance our understanding of cultural influences on child sexual development. Two studies, one from Sweden (n=185) and one from Minnesota, USA (n=467) of 3-6 year old children, were assessed with a 25-item scale derived from the Child Sexual Behaviour Inventory. Both studies were screened for the absence of sexual abuse. The Swedish parents completed the questionnaire about their child's behaviour at home and the US parents typically completed the questionnaire in the waiting room of a paediatric clinic. Pre-school children in Sweden exhibited more sexual behaviour than American children of the same age according to parental reports. These differences were most pronounced in boys. In both studies exhibitionistic or voyeuristic behaviour and touching behaviour was most frequent. Both intrusive and sexually explicit behaviour was very unusual. The results reflect how cultural context influences which behaviour is permitted in young children, and consequently what adults think constitutes normal and problematic childhood sexual behaviour.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundqvist, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Childhood sexual abuse. Women's health when starting in group therapy
- 2004
-
In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:1, s. 25-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Childhood sexual abuse has been shown to be common among adult women, 15-30% in prevalence studies, and among mentally ill women, 25-77%. These women often suffer from depression, anxiety, sexual and relationship problems. Suicide attempts and self-destructive behaviour are common. Within the Department of Psychiatry at Lund University Hospital, 45 women with experiences of childhood sexual abuse were offered a 2-year-long trauma-focused group therapy. They were well educated but 27% were unemployed. Nearly half of the group had made suicide attempts, 87% had had suicidal thoughts and, according to the questionnaire SCL-90, they were suffering from psychiatric symptoms significantly to a greater degree than both a general group and a clinical group with mixed diagnoses. According to the questionnaire ISSI, they were less well socially integrated than both a general group and a clinical group, and the degree of social adjustment according to the questionnaire SAS-SR was lower than in a general group. The study shows that childhood sexually abused women seeking therapy are a symptom-burdened group. These women probably need psychiatric treatment of a particular character. Special group therapy for these women can potentially improve their health. © 2004 Taylor and Francis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Malmberg, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Validity of the Swedish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Swe)
- 2003
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:5, s. 357-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an internationally widely used, brief screening instrument for mental health problems in children and teenagers. The SDQ probes behaviours and psychological attributes reflecting the child's difficulties as well as strengths, and targets hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviour. Also, the instrument taps the impact aspect, i.e. whether the child is judged to suffer from emotional or behavioural problems severe enough to cause distress or social impairment. Studies of the original English SDQ, as well as of translations into several other languages, attest to a compelling usefulness and validity of the instrument. In this investigation, the adequacy of the Swedish adaptation of the SDQ (SDQ-Swe) was tested in comparisons between parent reports on 5-15-year-old children drawn from a community sample (n=263) and from a child psychiatric sample (n=230). Results showed that the instrument differentiated well between the community and the psychiatric samples, the latter displaying more symptoms, fewer strengths and more social impairment. Moreover, ROC analyses showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of the principal scales of the SDQ-Swe at proposed cut-offs. Hence, results showed adequate validity of the SDQ-Swe, suggesting that this new instrument, an instrument in tune with the ideas of contemporary child psychiatry and psychology, is a useful tool for mental health screening in children and adolescents.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Moen, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Negative memories of childhood and current drug use
- 2003
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:4, s. 303-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data on drug abuse and memories of the childhood were collected through a self-report questionnaire from a group of current drug users and a group of non-using controls. Both samples were unidentified as groups by the society and were identified by the researchers throw snowball sampling. Earlier results of an unstable childhood and a poor social situation from studies that used other sampling methods were replicated. The drug users had an earlier nicotine and alcohol debut, and perceived themselves as unloved, physically abused children that were afraid of their parents during childhood. In addition, depression, suicide attempts and convictions were more common among the drug users.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Sex differences in cobalamin (vitamin B12) opinions of Swedish physicians.
- 2002
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 56:4, s. 299-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to elucidate possible sex differences in knowledge, competence and attitudes behind decision-making on cobalamin-associated problems (vitamin B(12)). The study was conducted by postal questionnaires to Swedish physicians in 1996-98. The participants were recruited by random sampling of general practitioners (1996, 1998), and a total sampling of geriatricians (1998). The overall response rate was 71%. The study group comprised 480 female physicians and 526 male physicians. The responses to 24 statements in the questionnaire were measured by means of visual analogue scales. Group differences were evaluated by medians and shapes of distributions. The female doctors appeared to value patient-related symptoms and signs more than male doctors. Conversely, male doctors relied on laboratory tests more than female doctors. As reflected by questionnaire answers, female doctors appeared to be more informed than male doctors on cobalamin-associated clinical problems. Group differences between the sexes were marginal from a numerical point of view. It is suggested that the statistical differences observed should be regarded as negligible until confirmed by further studies.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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