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1.
  • Odin, Elisabeth, 1955, et al. (author)
  • Altered gene expression of folate enzymes in adjacent mucosa is associated with outcome of colorectal cancer patients.
  • 2003
  • In: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 9:16 Pt 1, s. 6012-9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether gene expression levels of folate enzymes in adjacent mucosa were associated with outcome of colorectal cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Real-time PCR was used to quantify expression levels of folate-associated genes including the reduced folate carrier (RFC-1), folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH),and thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa of patients with primary colorectal cancer (n=102). Furthermore, reduced folates in the tissues were measured with a binding-assay method. RESULTS: Mean gene expression levels of RFC-1, FPGS, GGH, and TS were significantly higher in tumor biopsies compared with mucosa. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the FPGS gene expression level in mucosa, but not in tumor, was a prognostic parameter independent of the clinicopathological factors with regard to survival. Patients with high FPGS levels (>0.92) in mucosa also showed significantly higher total folate concentrations (P=0.03) and gene expression levels of RFC-1 (P<0.01), GGH (P<0.01), and TS (P=0.04) compared with patients with low FPGS levels. The total reduced folate concentration correlated with the gene expression levels of RFC-1 and FPGS but not with TS or GGH. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that normal-appearing colonic mucosa adjacent to primary colon cancer can show altered gene expression levels of FPGS that may have bearing on the development of aggressive metastatic behavior of the tumor and on tumor-specific survival.
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2.
  • Fellström, Bengt, 1947-, et al. (author)
  • Associations Between Apolipoprotein A1, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Urinary Cytokine Levels in Elderly Males and Females
  • 2019
  • In: Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1079-9907 .- 1557-7465. ; 40:2, s. 71-74
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There exists a close relationship between cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are widely used as cardiovascular risk markers but they also have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate any associations between HDL levels and cytokine levels in urine. We randomly selected 90 urine samples from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females). The samples were analyzed with 2 multiplex assays, Multiplex Inflammation I and Cardiovascular II kits (Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). We analyzed the correlations between 158 cytokines in urine with apolipoprotein A1, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There were strong correlations for apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol with individual cytokines. After adjustment for multiplicity testing, there were 33 significant correlations between apolipoprotein A1 and cytokine levels and 14 of these were also significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol. The strongest associations were observed for IL-1α, SPON2, RAGE, PAR-1, TRAIL-R2, IL-4RA, TNFRSF11A, and SCF. A total of 28 out of 33 correlations were negative, indicating a negative relationship between apolipoprotein A1 and urinary cytokines. The study shows a negative correlation between apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and urinary cytokine levels. The finding is in agreement with the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL.
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3.
  • Fellström, Bengt, 1947-, et al. (author)
  • Strong Associations Between Early Tubular Damage and Urinary Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Levels in Elderly Males and Females
  • 2021
  • In: Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1079-9907 .- 1557-7465. ; 41:8, s. 283-290
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Acute tubular necrosis is associated with high mortality rates and it is important to develop new biomarkers for tubular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early tubular damage on a large number of urinary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We selected 90 urine samples from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females). The tubular damage markers cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were analyzed in the urine samples and urinary cytokine levels were analyzed with 2 multiplex assays (proximity extension assay). After adjustment for sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, and multiplicity testing using the false discovery rate approach, there remained 26 cytokines that correlated significantly with urine cystatin C, 27 cytokines that correlated with NGAL, and 66 cytokines that correlated with KIM-1. Tubular damage shows a strong association with urinary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Our findings indicate that multiplex proteomics could be a promising new approach to explore the complex effects of tubular damage.
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4.
  • Jeppson, Kjell, 1947 (author)
  • A Parameter Extraction Methodology for Graphene Field-Effect-Transistors
  • 2023
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 70:3, s. 1393-1400
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Graphene field-effect transistors have now been around for more than a decade and their transfer characteristics extensively used for device characterization. Model parameters like low-field charge-carrier mobility and device contact/series resistance have often been the main interest. However, not until recently have the methods for device characterization themselves been the focus of research publications. In this paper, I report on a structured methodology for extracting and validating the extracted GFET model parameter values based on the physics of field-effect transistors in general and of graphene field-effect transistors in particular. During the extraction process the GFET resistance is divided into two parts, a constant part, and a gate-voltage-dependent part where the constant part often has been believed to represent the series/contact resistance. However, part of it depends on the channel length and contains first-order information about mobility degradation. Finally, I show that the main influence of the quantum capa­citance can be captured by an equivalent oxide thickness replacing the insulator thickness.
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5.
  • Jeppson, Kjell, 1947, et al. (author)
  • Mobility degradation and series resistance in graphene field-effect transistors
  • 2021
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 68:6, s. 3091-3095
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Accurate device models and parameter extraction methods are of utmost importance for characterizing graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) and for predicting their performance in circuit applications. For DC characterization, accurate extraction of mobility and series resistance is of particular concern. In this paper, we show how a first-order mobility degradation model can be used to separate information about mobility degradation and series resistance for a set of GFETs of different channel lengths. Data from a large set of top-gated GFETs based on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene was analyzed to validate the proposed model and extraction procedures. For removing any uncertainties caused by observed device-to-device data variations due to the uneven quality of CVD graphene, the same methods were applied to a set of closely located bottom-gated GFETs found in literature. Those GFETs were designed for transfer length methods and fabricated on exfoliated graphene of homogenous quality. Similar mobility degradation behavior was observed for both sets of devices with the mobility being reduced to half for a voltage-induced charge carrier density of 1013 cm-2.
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6.
  • Asad, Muhammad, 1986, et al. (author)
  • Enhanced high-frequency performance of top-gated graphene FETs due to substrate-induced improvements in charge carrier saturation velocity
  • 2021
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 68:2, s. 899-902
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • High-frequency performance of top-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) depends to a large extent on the saturation velocity of the charge car-riers, a velocity limited by inelastic scattering by surface optical phonons from the dielectrics surrounding the chan-nel. In this work, we show that by simply changing the graphene channel surrounding dielectric with a material having higher optical phonon energy, one could improve the transit frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation of GFETs. We fabricated GFETs on conventional SiO2/Si substrates by adding a thin Al2O3 interfacial buffer layer on top of SiO2/Si substrates, a material with about 30% higher optical phonon energy than that of SiO2, and compared performance with that of GFETs fabricated without adding the interfacial layer. From S-parameter measurements, a transit frequency and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 43 GHz and 46 GHz, respectively, were obtained for GFETs on Al2O3 with 0.5 µm gate length. These values are approximately 30% higher than those for state-of-the-art GFETs of the same gate length on SiO2. For relating the improvement of GFET high-frequency performance to improvements in the charge carrier saturation velocity, we used standard methods to extract the charge carrier veloc-ity from the channel transit time. A comparison between two sets of GFETs with and without the interfacial Al2O3 layer showed that the charge carrier saturation velocity had increased to 2·10^7 cm/s from 1.5·10^7 cm/s.
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7.
  • Begum, Afroza, et al. (author)
  • Prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh
  • 2017
  • In: International Journal of Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7411 .- 1557-9328. ; 46:3, s. 177-187
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Suicide is a leading cause of death world-wide. However, adolescent suicidal behavior is a neglected public health issue, especially in low-income countries such as Bangladesh. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents in a rural community and to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2013 among 2,476 adolescents aged 14–19 years, selected randomly from a rural community of Bangladesh. An adapted version of the WHO/SUPRE-MISS questionnaire was used to collect data in the Raiganj sub-district. A two stage screening was performed to identify the suicidal ideation cases. It was found that the life-time prevalence for suicidal ideation was 5 percent among adolescents. The majority of the adolescents with suicidal ideation were females 66 (52.8%), unmarried 103 (82.4%), and students 92 (73%). Suicidal ideation was statistically significantly associated with age, education, occupation, living with parents or others, and house ownership. Respondents who were aged 18–19 years, had secondary school certificate (SSC) and secondary school certificate (HSC) or higher education, were day laborers, had own house, and do not lived with parents had odds ratios of 2.31 (CI 1.46–3.65), 2.38 (CI 1.51–3.77), 4.15 (CI 2.41–7.14), 0.28 (CI 0.13–0.60), 0.14(CI 0.05–0.35), and 1.80 (CI 1.07–3.03), respectively. Among adolescents, the prevalence of life-time suicidal ideation was moderately high. Age, education, occupation, house ownership, and living with parents were statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation. It is important to design and implement effective community based suicide prevention programs for adolescents in Bangladesh.
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8.
  • Bernhardt, Peter, 1966, et al. (author)
  • Effects of treatment with (177)Lu-DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotate on uptake of subsequent injection in carcinoid-bearing nude mice.
  • 2007
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 22:5, s. 644-53
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect therapeutic injections of (177)Lu-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]-octreotate (DOTATATE) had on the tumor uptake of a subsequent injection with (111)In-DOTATATE in GOT1-bearing nude mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nude mice, xenografted with the human midgut carcinoid, GOT1, were first intravenously injected with a curative (30 MBq) or a suboptimal (7.5 MBq) amount of (177)Lu-DOTATATE. At various intervals thereafter (4-13 days), a second injection with (111)In-DOTATATE (0.5 MBq) was given. One (1) day after the second injection, the animals were sacrificed, tumor tissues collected, the tumor (111)In and (177)Lu activity concentration determined, and tumor regression/cell density was recorded. RESULTS: In animals given curative amounts, the uptake of (111)In was lower than in untreated animals. On the other hand, a second late injection (3-13 days) after suboptimal amounts resulted in a twofold higher tumor activity concentration versus untreated animals. When the uptake of the curative injection was corrected for tumor cell density, which decreased from 66% to 4% over 2 weeks, an enhanced uptake per tumor cell was observed. The curative and suboptimal amounts resulted in a different uptake and retention of (177)Lu in tumors. The suboptimal amount resulted in a constant activity concentration, while the curative amount resulted in an increased activity concentration over time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results, as presented in this paper, describe how the second injection in a fractionation protocol will be affected by the first therapeutic amount. This new information might be useful in the optimization of radionuclide therapy.
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9.
  • Billhult, Annika, et al. (author)
  • Massage relieves nausea in women with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy.
  • 2007
  • In: Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1075-5535 .- 1557-7708. ; 13:1, s. 53-7
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of massage on nausea, anxiety, and depression in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. DESIGN: This work was a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTINGS/LOCATION: This study was conducted in an oncology clinic, in a hospital in southwestern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Thirty-nine (39) women (mean age = 51.8) with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were randomly assigned to a massage therapy group (20 minutes of massage on five occasions) or a control group (five 20-minute visits). OUTCOME MEASURES: All patients recorded nausea and anxiety on the Visual Analogue Scale before and after each intervention. They also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Massage treatment significantly reduced nausea compared with control treatment (p = 0.025) when improvement was measured as a percentage of the five treatment periods. Differences in anxiety and depression between the two treatment regimes could not be statistically demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: This study complements previous studies on the effect of massage and supports the conclusion that massage reduces nausea in these patients.
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10.
  • Bäck, Tom, 1964, et al. (author)
  • A Novel Method for Real-Time Quantification of Radioligand Binding to Living Tumor Cells In Vitro
  • 2024
  • In: CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 39:1, s. 75-81
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Real-time quantification of radioligand binding to cells under in vivo-like conditions improves evaluation of clinical potential.Materials and Methods: SKOV-3 tumor cells were grown in a monolayer on a thin glass plate placed in a sealable shallow chamber with a continuous flow of 125I-trastuzumab solution. The time-dependent cell binding was measured using a NaI detector, and the binding parameters were derived by computational analysis.Results: The detection efficiency of 125I was 65 cps/kBq for radioligand bound to the cells. Experiments were analyzed to find the values of kon and koff. The resulting kon was 3.2-7.9 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1) and koff was 0.11-4.2 x 10(-5) s(-1).Conclusions: Radioligands can be rapidly evaluated by binding to living cells for selection and optimization of radioconjugates for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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11.
  • Bäck, Tom, 1964, et al. (author)
  • Glomerular filtration rate after alpha-radioimmunotherapy with 211At-MX35-F(ab')2: a long-term study of renal function in nude mice.
  • 2009
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 24:6, s. 649-58
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Besides bone marrow, the kidneys are often dose-limiting organs in internal radiotherapy. The effects of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation on the kidneys after alpha-radioimmunotherapy (alpha-RIT) with the alpha-particle emitter, (211)At, were studied in nude mice by serial measurements of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The renal toxicity was evaluated at levels close to the dose limit for the bone marrow and well within the range for therapeutic efficacy on tumors. Astatinated MX35-F(ab')(2) monoclonal antibodies were administered intravenously to nude mice. Both non-tumor-bearing animals and animals bearing subcutaneous xenografts of the human ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR-3, were used. The animals received approximately 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 MBq in one, two, or three fractions. The mean absorbed doses to the kidneys ranged from 1.5 to 15 Gy. The renal function was studied by serial GFR measurements, using plasma clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA, up to 67 weeks after the first astatine injection. A dose-dependent effect on GFR was found and at the time interval 8-30 weeks after the first administration of astatine, the absorbed doses causing a 50% decrease in GFR were 16.4 +/- 3.3 and 14.0 +/- 4.1 Gy (mean +/- SEM), tumor- and non-tumor-bearing animals, respectively. The reduction in GFR progressed with time, and at the later time interval, (31-67 weeks) the corresponding absorbed doses were 7.5 +/- 2.4 and 11.3 +/- 2.3 Gy, respectively, suggesting that the effects of radiation on the kidneys were manifested late. Examination of the kidney sections showed histologic changes that were overall subdued. Following alpha-RIT with (211)At-MX35-F(ab')(2) at levels close to the dose limit of severe myelotoxicity, the effects found on renal function were relatively small, with only minor to moderate reductions in GFR. These results suggest that a mean absorbed dose to the kidneys of approximately 10 Gy is acceptable, and that the kidneys would not be the primary dose-limiting organ in systemic alpha-RIT when using (211)At-MX35-F(ab')(2).
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12.
  • Cederkrantz, Elin, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of Effects on the Peritoneum After Intraperitoneal α-Radioimmunotherapy with (211)At.
  • 2012
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 27:6, s. 353-364
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract The introduction of the short-lived α-emitter (211)At to intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy has raised the issue of the tolerance dose of the peritoneum. The short range of the α-particles (70μm) and the short half-life (7.21h) of the nuclide yield a dose distribution in which the peritoneum is highly irradiated compared with other normal tissues. To address this issue, mice were injected with (211)At-trastuzumab to irradiate the peritoneum to absorbed doses ranging between 0 and 50 Gy and followed for up to 34 weeks. The peritoneum-to-plasma clearance of a small tracer, (51)Cr-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, was measured for evaluation of the small solute transport capacity of the peritoneal membrane. The macroscopic status of the peritoneum and the mesenteric windows was documented when the mice were sacrificed. Biopsies of the peritoneum were taken for morphology and immunohistochemical staining against plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and calprotectin. Peritoneum-to-plasma clearance measurements indicated a dose-dependent decrease in peritoneal transport capacity in irradiated mice. However, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of the peritoneal membrane showed no difference between irradiated mice versus controls. The results imply that the peritoneal membrane tolerates absorbed doses as high as 30-50 Gy from α-particle irradiation with limited response.
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13.
  • Cha, Eunjung, 1985, et al. (author)
  • Two-Finger InP HEMT Design for Stable Cryogenic Operation of Ultra-Low-Noise Ka- and Q-Band LNAs
  • 2017
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 65:12, s. 5171-5180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We investigate the cryogenic stability of two-finger 100-nm gate-length InP HEMTs aimed for Ka- and Q-band ultra-low noise amplifiers (LNAs). InP HEMTs with unit gate widths ranging between 30 and 50 mu m exhibit unstable cryogenic behavior with jumps in drain current and discontinuous peaks in transconductance. We also find that shorter gate length enhances the cryogenic instability. We demonstrate that the instability of two-finger transistors can be suppressed by either adding a source air bridge, connecting the back end of gates, or increasing the gate resistance. A three-stage 24-40 GHz and a four-stage 28-52-GHz monolithic microwave-integrated circuit LNA using the stabilized InP HEMTs are presented. The Ka-band amplifier achieves a minimum noise temperature of 7 K at 25.6 GHz with an average noise temperature of 10.6 K at an ambient temperature of 5.5 K. The amplifier gain is 29 dB +/- 0.6 dB. The Q-band amplifier exhibits minimum noise temperature of 6.7 K at 32.8 GHz with average noise temperature of 10 K at ambient temperature of 5.5 K. The amplifier gain is 34 dB +/- 0.8 dB. To our knowledge, the Ka- and Q-band amplifiers demonstrate the lowest noise temperature reported so far for InP cryogenic LNAs.
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14.
  • Eriksson, Janna, 1992, et al. (author)
  • The effects of iron and selenium in iodine containing multivitamins on thyroid related compounds during pregnancy in Sweden: a randomized placebo cotrolled trial
  • 2017
  • In: 87th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid, 27(S1), poster 71. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1050-7256 .- 1557-9077.
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Multivitamins with iodine are advocated to pregnant women to avoid iodine deficiency, as iodine may be beneficial for brain development in the child. Multivitamins also contain iron and selenium that may affect thyroid hormone metabolism. Iron is included in the tyreoperoxidase enzyme promoting the coupling of iodine to thyroglobulin (Tg) and selenium is incorporated in deiodinases that regulates levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). There is no previous studies on the effects of iodine containing multivitamins on iron and selenium levels in pregnant women and the relation to thyroid hormone levels. This was a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial of 200 pregnant women, who were randomized to multivitamins containing 150 lg iodine, 12 mg iron and 50 lg selenium/day or multivitamins without iodine, iron and selenium in pregnancy week 7–12 until delivery, besides iron supplements on usual routines. Thyroid hormones, Tg, selenium (ref 0.7– 1.2 lmol/L) and iron measurements (ferritin (ref 15–150 mg/L), transferrin saturation (ref 0.1–0.5)) were collected in the third trimester. Urinary iodine concentration confirmed mild ID in the control group with a Tg increase. In the third trimester, 139 patients were left for sampling. In the active group (n = 67) median (interquartile range (IQR)) selenium levels were 0.72 (0.16) vs 0.61 (0.14) in the control group (n = 72), p < 0.001. Low selenium values were noted in 70.0% of participants and it was more common in the control group (81.9%), p < 0.001. Median (IQR) Tg levels was higher in those with low selenium 30.0 (30.5) than in those with normal selenium 20.5 (21.5), p = 0.037. Thyroid hormones did not differ between active/control groups or low/normal selenium groups, but FT3/FT4 ratio was higher in the low selenium group than in the normal selenium group (0.35 (0.08) vs 0.33 (0.08)), p= 0.025. Ferritin in the active group was 22.0 (21.0) and 20.0 (21.5) in the control group, p = 0.393 and transferrin saturation 0.20 (0.11) and 0.18 (0.18), p = 0.802, respectively. Multivitamins used during pregnancy to increase iodine levels also increase selenium levels where effects on thyroid metabolism needs further evaluation.
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15.
  • Frost, Sofia, 1981, et al. (author)
  • Comparison of (211)At-PRIT and (211)At-RIT of Ovarian Microtumors in a Nude Mouse Model.
  • 2013
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 28:2, s. 108-14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Purpose: Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) against intraperitoneal (i.p.) ovarian microtumors using avidin-conjugated monoclonal antibody MX35 (avidin-MX35) and (211)At-labeled, biotinylated, succinylated poly-l-lysine ((211)At-B-PL(suc)) was compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using (211)At-labeled MX35 in a nude mouse model. Methods: Mice were inoculated i.p. with 1×10(7) NIH:OVCAR-3 cells. After 3 weeks, they received PRIT (1.0 or 1.5MBq), RIT (0.9MBq), or no treatment. Concurrently, 10 additional animals were sacrificed and examined to determine disease progression at the start of therapy. Treated animals were analyzed with regard to presence of tumors and ascites (tumor-free fraction; TFF), 8 weeks after therapy. Results: Tumor status at baseline was advanced: 70% of sacrificed animals exhibited ascites. The TFFs were 0.35 (PRIT 1.0MBq), 0.45 (PRIT 1.5MBq), and 0.45 (RIT). The 1.5-MBq PRIT group exhibited lower incidence of ascites and fewer tumors >1mm than RIT-treated animals. Conclusions: PRIT was as effective as RIT with regard to TFF; however, the size distribution of tumors and presence of ascites indicated that 1.5-MBq PRIT was more efficient. Despite advanced disease in many animals at the time of treatment, PRIT demonstrated good potential to treat disseminated ovarian cancer.
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16.
  • Frost, Sofia, 1981, et al. (author)
  • In Vivo Distribution of Avidin-Conjugated MX35 and (211)At-Labeled, Biotinylated Poly-l-Lysine for Pretargeted Intraperitoneal ?-Radioimmunotherapy.
  • 2011
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 26:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Purpose: Avidin-coupled monoclonal antibody MX35 (avidin-MX35) and astatine-211?labeled, biotinylated, succinylated poly-l-lysine ((211)At-B-PL(suc)) were administered in mice to assess potential efficacy as an intraperitoneal (i.p.) therapy for microscopic tumors. We aimed to establish a timeline for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy using these substances, and estimate the maximum tolerable activity. Methods: (125)I-avidin-MX35 and (211)At-B-PL(suc) were administered i.p. in nude mice. Tissue distributions were studied at various time points and mean absorbed doses were estimated from organ uptake of (211)At-B-PL(suc). Studies of myelotoxicity were performed after administration of different activities of (211)At-B-PL(suc). Results: We observed low blood content of both (125)I-avidin-MX35 and (211)At-B-PL(suc), indicating fast clearance. After sodium perchlorate blocking, the highest (211)At uptake was found in kidneys. Red bone marrow (RBM) accumulated some (211)At activity. Mean absorbed doses of special interest were 2.3 Gy/MBq for kidneys, 0.4 Gy/MBq for blood, and 0.9 Gy/MBq for RBM. An absorbed dose of 0.9 Gy to the RBM was found to be safe. These values suggested that RBM would be the key dose-limiting organ in the proposed pretargeting scheme, and that blood data alone was not sufficient for predicting its absorbed dose. Conclusions: To attain a favorable distribution of activity and avoid major toxicities, at least 1.0?MBq of (211)At-B-PL(suc) can be administered 24 hours after an i.p. injection of avidin-MX35. These results provide a basis for future i.p. therapy studies in mice of microscopic ovarian cancer.
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17.
  • Gustafsson, Peik, et al. (author)
  • Treatment of ADHD with Amphetamine; Short-term effects on family interaction
  • 2008
  • In: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:1, s. 83-91
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    •   Objective: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. Method: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent—child interactions. Results: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. Conclusion: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.
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18.
  • Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Sepideh, 1969, et al. (author)
  • Production of extracellular matrix components in tissue-engineered blood vessels
  • 2006
  • In: Tissue engineering. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1076-3279 .- 1557-8690. ; 12:4, s. 831-42
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Morphology and compliance of tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) are dependent on the culture period and production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in order to increase the strength of the developing tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of TEBVs to produce an ECM similar to native arteries and veins. Human smooth muscle cells (SMC) were seeded onto the poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) scaffold and placed in bioreactors filled with DMEM supplemented with growth factors. After 6 weeks, the vessels were harvested from the bioreactors and seeded with human endothelial cells at the lumen for another 3 days. Then, the TEBVs were harvested for RNA and protein isolation for further RT-PCR and Western blot. TEBVs had a similar macroscopic appearance to that of native vessels with no visible evidence of the original PGA. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated the presence of high cell density and development of a highly organized structure of ECM. After 6 weeks of culture, there were significantly lower gene expression of SMC-specific markers, such as alpha-actin, caldesmon, and vimentin, and proteoglycans, such as biglycan, decorin, and versican, and other ECM components, such as collagen I and elastin, in TEBVs, with and without pulsatile conditions, compared to that of native arteries. Gene expression of fibronectin was significantly lower in TEBVs grown during pulsatile conditions compared to that of native arteries. No difference was observed in TEBVs grown during non-pulsatile conditions. The presence of alpha-actin, collagen I, decorin, and fibronectin at protein level was demonstrated in TEBVs with and without pulsatile conditions after 6 weeks and in native veins and arteries as well. How this deviation translates into mechanical properties remains to be explored.
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19.
  • Holtz, A, et al. (author)
  • Blocking weight-induced spinal cord injury in rats : therapeutic effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F.
  • 1991
  • In: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 8:4, s. 239-45
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The effect of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on neurologic recovery after a spinal cord compression trauma was investigated in rats. The compression was induced by a blocking weight technique, in which a 35 g (moderate injury) or a 50 g (severe injury) weight was applied for 5 minutes to an 11 mm2 plate over the midthoracic spinal cord. One hour after trauma, the severely injured animals were treated either with U74006F, 3 mg/kg, methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg, or vehicle, whereas the moderately injured animals received U74006F, 3 mg/kg or vehicle. Neurologic hind limb function was evaluated by the inclined plane technique. On day 1 after trauma, subtotal paraparesis occurred in the 35 g group treated with vehicle (31 +/- 1 degrees, mean +/- SEM) on the inclined plane vs 64 +/- 1 degrees before trauma) and complete paraplegia in the 50 g group (22 +/- 1 degrees). Treatment with U74006F resulted in less hind limb weakness in the 35 g group (42 +/- 2 degrees) but had no beneficial effect in the 50 g group (25 +/- 2 degrees). Neurologic function gradually improved in the 35 g groups over the 9-day observation period. However, those animals treated with U74006F were significantly better over the entire period. In the 50 g group, no recovery from paraplegia was noted over the 4 day observation period in any of the three groups. These results suggest that after weight-induced spinal cord trauma, U74006F is associated with improved neurologic function in moderately injured, but not severely injured animals.
  •  
20.
  • Holtz, A, et al. (author)
  • Neuropathological changes and neurological function after spinal cord compression in the rat.
  • 1990
  • In: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 7:3, s. 155-67
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • As part of a series of experimental investigations of the effects of various pharmacological agents on the outcome of compressive spinal cord trauma in the rat, the time course of the cell changes in the cord at the site of and distal to the compression was studied at the light microscopic level. The degree of compression used with the present model results in a transient paraparesis that recovers almost completely over a period of 3 weeks as judged by the inclined plane technique. The most significant morphological findings were as follows. Initially (1 and 24 h after the impact) there was pronounced swelling and hemorrhage at the compression site, chiefly in the gray matter of the cord. On day 4 there was severe necrosis in the same region, with numerous macrophages and leukocytes. Rats killed after 21 days showed either minor residual signs of necrosis or essentially normal tissue architecture. Surprisingly, necrosis with delayed onset also developed in the dorsal columns, involving the pyramidal tracts. This necrosis was detected in animals killed after 9 and 21 days but not in those observed after 4 days or earlier. The longitudinal tracts of the white matter showed reduced staining in paraffin sections of the compression site. Epon sections revealed splits in the myelin sheaths and enlarged periaxonal spaces as early as 1 h after the impact. The alterations in the longitudinal tracts persisted throughout the 21-day observation period and extended down to L2-L4. There was gradual functional recovery, documented by the inclined plane test. Preinjury values were almost reached on day 21, although the cord still showed some morphological damage. In individual animals, no relation was found between degree of function as tested by inclined plane and extent of morphologic injury. Additional functional and morphological methods obviously are needed in future investigations of the effects of treatments on the outcome of compressive spinal cord injury.
  •  
21.
  • Kaczmarski, J., et al. (author)
  • Transparent Ru–Si–O/In–Ga–Zn–O MESFETs on flexible polymer substrates
  • 2018
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 65:1, s. 129-135
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • With the development of novel device applications, e.g., in the field of Internet of Things or point-of-care personalized diagnostic systems, came an increased demand for MESFETs for fast and low-power consumption integrated circuits and active-matrix displays. In this paper, we present fabrication and characterization of transparent Ru–Si–O/In–Ga–Zn–O MESFETs on flexible substrates. The use of transparent conducting oxide, namely, Ru–Si–O, as Schottky gate electrode, allows for processing the devices at room temperature, enabling the utilization of such low-temperature substrates as polyethylene terephthalate foil and paper. It was shown that tuning the device geometry allows realization of transistors providing on-current up to 2 mA, while the highest on-to-off current ratio equals 2 × 105, with off-current below 1 nA, carrier mobility in the channel exceeds 9 cm2·V−1·s−1, and subthreshold swing is below 250 mV·decade−1
  •  
22.
  • Karlsson, Peter R., 1963, et al. (author)
  • An efficient parameter extraction algorithm for MOS transistor models
  • 1992
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1557-9646 .- 0018-9383. ; 39:9, s. 2070 - 2076
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A general, direct parameter extraction algorithm that uses a small number of data points has been developed for MOS transistor models. This extraction algorithm has been tested using two transistor models in SPICE, MOS3, and BSIM. The basic idea of the algorithm is to use only one data point for each transistor parameter. Appropriate selection of the data points ensures physically reasonable values of most extracted parameters. Analytical expressions or rapidly converging numerical equations are used to calculate the parameters. Interaction between different parameters are taken into account. Good agreement between measured and simulated data is obtained from only 15 and 25 data points for MOS3 and BSIM, respectively. The total extraction time for a single transistor is around 40 s for MOS3 and 1 min for BSIM.
  •  
23.
  • Krave, Ulrika, 1973, et al. (author)
  • Rotational Acceleration Closed Head Flexion Trauma Generates More Extensive Diffuse Brain Injury than Extension Trauma
  • 2011
  • In: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-9042 .- 0897-7151. ; 28:1, s. 57-70
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Our aim was to investigate if seemingly identical head and neck trauma would generate differing types of braindamage. We experimentally evaluated induced brain injuries immediately after trauma exposure, and at 1 weekpost-injury. Anesthetized rabbits were exposed once to a sagittal rotational acceleration head and neck injury ateither a high or a low load level, using either flexion or extension. A high-load extension trauma induced scatteredmeningeal petechial hemorrhages and no deaths, in contrast to a flexion trauma of the same level, which resultedin extensive parenchymal and meningeal hemorrhages, and all animals succumbed immediately. A low-levelflexion trauma induced scattered meningeal petechiae, but no gross damage, while extension at the same forcegenerated no macroscopically visible acute brain injury. Immunohistochemical investigations carried out at 7 daysdisclosed that a low-level flexion trauma, as well as both low- and high-level extension exposures, all induceddiffuse brain injuries in the cerebral cortex and white matter, corpus callosum, hippocampus, brainstem, andcerebellum, as revealed by abnormal distribution of neurofilaments, a prevalence of b-amyloid precursor protein,and astrogliosis. The diffuse brain injury seen after a low-level flexion trauma was equal to or more extensive thanthat seen after a high-level extension trauma. A low-level extension trauma induced only minor histopathologicalabnormalities. We conclude that a sagittal rotational acceleration trauma of the head and neck induced diffusebrain injury, and that flexion caused more extensive damage than extension at the same applied load.
  •  
24.
  •  
25.
  • Meuller, Johan, et al. (author)
  • Identification of genomic deletions of the APC gene in familial adenomatous polyposis by two independent quantitative techniques.
  • 2004
  • In: Genetic testing. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1090-6576 .- 1557-7473. ; 8:3, s. 248-56
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Large deletions in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene, causing familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), cannot easily be detected by conventional mutation-detection techniques. Therefore, we have developed two independent quantitative methods for the detection of large deletions, encompassing one or more exons, of APC. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is performed in one reaction for the initial quantification of all APC exon copy numbers. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) is used to verify the results obtained in the MLPA reaction. The identification of a deletion of the whole APC gene in a patient with classical FAP is described. The mutation was detected with the two quantitative methods and further verified on chromosomal level by the use of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) on metaphase spreads. Furthermore, a large deletion covering exons 11-13 of the APC gene was detected in two apparently unrelated families. This deletion was further verified and characterized with long-range PCR. The MLPA test ensures a sensitive high-throughput screening for large deletions of the APC gene and can easily be implemented in the diagnostic testing for FAP.
  •  
26.
  • Oddstig, Jenny, 1978, et al. (author)
  • A novel photon radiation detector system for in vitro biokinetic measurements.
  • 2005
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 20:6, s. 629-38
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates a novel photon radiation detector system for in vitro biokinetic measurements. METHODS: A cell-culture well can be considered to consist of two different compartments: the cells and the medium. By placing the well on a lead-collimated scintillation (NaI(T1)) detector, changes in activity distribution between the compartments will result in changes in count rates owing to the efficiency ratio (ER) between the cells and the medium. The ER depends on differences in detection solid angles for the compartments and differences in attenuation of photons emitted from the compartments. Evaluation of the optimal measuring geometries for the detector system was done by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The detector system was tested in two different in vitro situations. RESULTS: The MC simulations showed that the most optimal detector system was obtained by using a lead-collimated well crystal. Both the MC simulations and the experiments have proven the usability of the system. CONCLUSIONS: The detector system was demonstrated to be of value for biokinetic studies. The cellular binding of radiolabeled substances can be determined with high precision, and real-time measurements can be performed on a cell culture without harvesting the cells.
  •  
27.
  • Oddstig, Jenny, 1978, et al. (author)
  • Radiation Induces Up-Regulation of Somatostatin Receptors 1, 2, and 5 in Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro Also at Low Absorbed Doses.
  • 2011
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8852 .- 1084-9785. ; 26:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract Background: Radiation can be used to up-regulate the expression of the somatostatin receptor (sstr) subtype 2 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells at absorbed doses of 2?8 Gy. Increased sstr expression results in increased binding of radiolabeled somatostatin analogs to the tumor cell, which enhances the efficacy of systemic radionuclide therapy. The aim of this study was to determine if lower absorbed doses could up-regulate sstr2 expression, and possibly influence other sstr subtypes. Methods: Human H69 SCLC cells were irradiated with an absorbed dose of 0.12?6.0 Gy and the sstr mRNA expression 3 days after irradiation was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for sstr1?5. At the same time point was the binding of [(177)Lu]-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate to the cells measured after irradiation to an absorbed dose of 0.12?2.0 Gy and compared to the binding to nonirradiated cells. Results: mRNA expression of sstr1, sstr2, and sstr5 was increased by a factor of 1.5?2 in cells irradiated with absorbed doses?4 Gy and the binding of [(177)Lu]-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate was, accordingly, 2?3 times higher to irradiated cells for all absorbed doses, except 0.25 Gy. Conclusion: The binding of [(177)Lu]-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate was increased after radiation exposure. This increase was observed at low absorbed doses in parallel with up-regulation of sstr1, sstr2, and sstr5 mRNA.
  •  
28.
  •  
29.
  • Schleeh, Joel, 1986, et al. (author)
  • Cryogenic Broadband Ultra-Low-Noise MMIC LNAs for Radio Astronomy Applications
  • 2013
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480 .- 1557-9670. ; 61:2, s. 871-877
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • 0.5–13 and 24–40 GHz broadband cryogenic monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit low-noise amplifiers (LNAs)have been designed and fabricated using a 130-nm InP HEMTprocess. Packaged LNAs have been measured at both 300 and15 K. At 300 K, the measured minimum noise temperature ofthe 0.5–13-GHz LNA was 48 K at 7 GHz with a gain between34–40 dB. At 15 K, the measured minimum noise temperature was 3 K at 7 GHz and below 7 K within the entire 0.5–13-GHz band with a gain between 38–44 dB. The 24–40-GHz LNA exhibited a lowest noise temperature of 110 K and an average of 125 K with again of more than 27.5 dB at 300 K. When cooled down to 15 K,the noise temperature dropped to a minimum of 10 K and average of 13.2 K with a gain of 28 dB. The results are of large interest for radio astronomy applications where large bandwidth and low noise figure in the receivers are key figures in the system design.
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30.
  • Swärd, Christina, 1967, et al. (author)
  • Comparison of [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate and [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotide for receptor-mediated radiation therapy of the xenografted human midgut carcinoid tumor GOT1.
  • 2008
  • In: Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 23:1, s. 114-20
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to compare the tumor uptake versus time and the tumor response in nude mice transplanted with a human midgut carcinoid (GOT1), when treated with either [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotide or [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate and to evaluate if plasma chromogranin A (P-CgA) was a reliable marker of tumor response. The tumor uptake and retention of activity of a single intravenous (i.v.) dose (15 MBq) of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate or [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotide were compared in nude mice xenografted with GOT1. The activity concentration 24 hours after injection was significantly higher in animals given [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate versus [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotide (16%+/-1.4% of injected activity per gram [%IA/g] vs. 8.1%+/-2.1% IA/g, mean +/- standard error of the mean) (p=0.00061). The mean absorbed dose was higher in animals given [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate (46+/-4.3 vs. 17 +/- 3.4 Gy). The reduction of tumor volume was accordingly more prominent in animals given [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate than in animals given [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotide (p=0.003). The mean tumor volume for animals given [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]-octreotate was reduced to 3% of its initial value. P-CgA values were strongly correlated with tumor volume. Octreotate seems to be a more suitable somatostatin analog than octreotide for receptor-mediated radiation therapy. P-CgA is a simple, accurate method for the estimation of tumor response in this animal model.
  •  
31.
  • Säljö, Annette, et al. (author)
  • Blast exposure causes redistribution of phosphorylated neurofilament subunits in neurons of the adult rat brain.
  • 2000
  • In: Journal of neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 17:8, s. 719-26
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There is little information on threshold levels and critical time factors for blast exposures, although brain damage after a blast has been established both clinically and experimentally. Moreover, the cellular pathophysiology of the brain response is poorly characterized. This study employs a rat model for blast exposure to investigate effects on the neuronal cytoskeleton. Exposure in the range of 154 kPa/198 dB or 240 kPa/202 dB has previously been shown neither to cause visual damage to the brain, nor to affect the neuronal populations, as revealed with routine histology. Here, the brains were investigated immunohistochemically from 2 h to 21 days after blast exposure. A monoclonal antibody was used which detects only the phosphorylated epitope of the heavy subunit of the neurofilament proteins (p-NFH). This epitope is normally restricted to axons, that is, not demonstrable in the perikarya. Eighteen hours after exposure in the 240-kPa/202-dB range, p-NFH immunoreactivity accumulated in neuronal perikarya in layers II-IV of the temporal cortex and of the cingulate and the piriform cortices, the dentate gyrus and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. At the same time, the p-NFH immunoreactivity disappeared from the axons and dendrites of cerebral cortex neurons. The most pronounced immunostaining of neuronal perikarya was found in the hemisphere, which faced the blast source. The perikaryal accumulation of p-NFH was present also at 7 days but the neuronal perikarya had become negative at 21 days, at which time the axons again displayed p-NFH immunoreactivity. Exposure in the range of 154 kPa/198 dB caused similar, although less marked accumulation of p-NFH immunoreactivity in the neuronal perikarya. The findings are interpreted to show a dephosphorylation of NFHs in axons and dendrites and a piling up of p-NFHs in the perikarya due to disturbed axonal transport.
  •  
32.
  • Säljö, Annette, et al. (author)
  • Exposure to short-lasting impulse noise causes neuronal c-Jun expression and induction of apoptosis in the adult rat brain.
  • 2002
  • In: Journal of neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 19:8, s. 985-91
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Exposure to impulse noise, above a certain intensity, is harmful to auditory function. Effects of impulse noise on the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unexplored, and there is little information on critical threshold values and time factors. We have recently shown that neurofilament proteins are affected in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Now we show that impulse noise induces expression of the immediate early gene c-Jun products, proposed to play a role in the initiation of neuronal death, and apoptosis as revealed by TUNEL staining. Rat brains were investigated immunohistochemically 2 h to 21 days after exposure to impulse noise of 198 dB or 202 dB. c-Jun was expressed in neuronal perikarya in layers II-VI of the temporal cortex, the cingulate and the piriform cortices at 2 h to 21 days after both exposure levels. Granule neurons of the dentate gyrus and the CA1-3 in the hippocampus pyramidal neurons were similarly affected. The elevated expression of c-Jun products remained high at all postexposure times. TUNEL staining was positive among the same nerve cell populations 6 h after exposure and persisted even at 7 days at both exposure levels.
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33.
  • Säljö, Annette, et al. (author)
  • Expression of c-Fos and c-Myc and deposition of beta-APP in neurons in the adult rat brain as a result of exposure to short-lasting impulse noise.
  • 2002
  • In: Journal of neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 19:3, s. 379-85
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • There is increasing evidence that impulse noise causes brain damage, but little is known about the mechanisms and extent of the response. Here, rat brains were investigated immunohistochemically for the expression of c-Fos, c-Myc, and beta-APP during the first 3 weeks postexposure to impulse noise of 198 or 202 dB. The expression of c-Fos and c-Myc increased at 2 h after exposure in neurons of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus, and this c-Fos immunoreactivity remained elevated for the entire observation period. The c-Myc immunoreactivity peaked at 18 h in both neurons and astrocytes but returned to control levels at 7 days. Abnormal deposition of beta-APP was evident within 6 h in the same brain regions. The beta-APP immunoreactivity was most prominent at 18 h and remained increased over the 21-day period assessed. The observed effects were similar to those described in humans following traumatic brain injury and in Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that impulse noise influences the brain in a fashion similar to that in cases with progressive CNS degeneration.
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34.
  • Säljö, Annette, et al. (author)
  • Impulse noise transiently increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes, an effect accentuated by a recent brain injury.
  • 2003
  • In: Journal of neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 20:8, s. 787-94
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A single exposure to intense impulse noise may cause diffuse brain injury, revealed by increased expression of immediate early gene products, transiently altered distribution of neurofilaments, accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein, apoptosis, and gliosis. Neither hemorrage nor any gross structural damage are seen. The present study focused on whether impulse noise exposure increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes to proteins. Also, we investigated whether a preceding, minor focal surgical brain lesion accentuated the leakage of cytosolic proteins. Anaesthetized rats were exposed to a single impulse noise at either 199 or 202 dB for 2 milliseconds. Transiently elevated levels of the cellular protein neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the glial cytoplasmic protein S-100 were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the first hours after the exposure to 202 dB. A surgical brain injury, induced the day before the exposure to the impulse noise, was associated with significantly increased concentrations of both markers in the CSF. It is concluded that intense impulse noise damages both nerve and glial cells, an effect aggravated by a preexisting surgical lesion. The impulse of the shock wave, i.e. the pressure integrated over time, is likely to be the injurious mechanism. The abnormal membrane permeability and the associated cytoskeletal changes may initiate events, which eventually result in a progressive diffuse brain injury.
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35.
  • Örtengren, Tore, et al. (author)
  • Membrane leakage in spinal ganglion nerve cells induced by experimental whiplash extension motion: a study in pigs
  • 1996
  • In: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 13:3, s. 171-180
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Nerve cells in the cervical and upper thoracic spinal ganglia were examined for possible plasma membrane leakage, as revealed by their ability to exclude a dye-protein complex, after experimentally induced whiplash in a pig model system. The rationale for this approach is found in the fact that the interstitium of spinal ganglia differs from most other parts of the nervous system in that it lacks a barrier, allowing blood constituents to gain access. The dye Evans blue, which rapidly conjugates with blood proteins, is found in the interstitium of normal spinal ganglia after intravenous injection, but it is excluded from the nerve cells and their enveloping satellite cells. In contrast, after a simulated whiplash extension trauma many of the nerve cells were stained, reflecting the inability of their plasma membranes to exclude the dye-protein complex. Morphometric measurements revealed that the highest frequency of cellular dye uptake was observed in the C4-C7 spinal ganglia (mean 16 - 18%; range 5-27%). The blood-nerve barrier of the adjacent nerve fascicles remained intact, with rare exception. Several factors are considered to contribute to the induction of these cell abnormalities in the spinal ganglia after an experimentally induced, simulated whiplash trauma in this pig model system.
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36.
  • Andersson, Patrik U, 1970, et al. (author)
  • Search for Superconductivity in Ultra-dense Deuterium D(-1) at Room Temperature: Depletion of D(-1) at Field Strength > 0.05 T
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 25:4, s. 873-882
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) is expected to be both a superfluid and a superconductor as shown by recent theoretical research. Condensed D(-1) can be deposited on surfaces by a source which produces a stream of clusters. A magnetic field strongly influences the type of material formed. Very little of D(-1) and of the form D(1), which is strongly coupled to D(-1), exists on the magnet surface or within several mm from the magnet surface. Even the formation of D(-1) on the source emitter is strongly influenced by a magnetic field, with a critical field strength in the range 0.03-0.07 T. Higher excitation levels D(2) and D(3) dominate in a magnetic field. The excitation level D(2) is now observed for the first time. The removal of D(-1) and D(1) in strong magnetic fields is proposed to be due to a Meissner effect in long D(-1) clusters by large-orbit electron motion. The lifting of long D(-1) clusters above the magnet surface is slightly larger than expected, possibly due to the coupling to D(1). The previously reported oscillation between D(-1) and D(1) in an electric field is proposed to be due to destruction of D(-1).
  •  
37.
  • Babaev, Egor, et al. (author)
  • Type-1.5 Superconductivity in Multiband and Other Multicomponent Systems
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 26:5, s. 2045-2055
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Usual superconductors are classified into two categories: of type-1 when the ratio of the magnetic field penetration length (lambda) to coherence length (xi) kappa = lambda/xi < 1/root 2 and of type-2 when kappa > 1/root 2. The boundary case kappa = 1/root 2 is also considered to be a special situation, frequently termed as "Bogomolnyi limit". Here we discuss multicomponent systems which can possess three or more fundamental length scales and allow a separate superconducting state, which was recently termed "type-1.5". In that state, a system has the following hierarchy of coherence and penetration lengths xi(1) < root 2 lambda < xi(2). We also briefly overview the works on single-component regime kappa approximate to 1/root 2 and comment on recent discussion by Brandt and Das in the proceedings of the previous conference in this series.
  •  
38.
  • Baykal, A., et al. (author)
  • Hydrothermal synthesis of SrFe 12O 19 and its characterization
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 25:6, s. 2081-2085
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We have synthesized strontium hexaferrite particles in an alkaline medium using a hydrothermal process at 180°C. Crystalline phase of samples were determined by XRD and spectroscopic, morphological, and magnetic investigation of the sample were FT-IR, SEM, and TG analysis, respectively. XRD analysis revealed few impurity phases in the as-made powder; upon calcinations, the material is converted to desired hexaferrite phase. As synthesized powder exhibits agglomerates with rather smooth facets, in the form of thick platelets. Upon calcination, all these structures were observed to transfer to rod-like structures. The As calcined sample has high specific saturation magnetization (Ms ) values of 65 emu/g that is close to its theoretical value of 74.3 emu/g but the hydrothermally synthesized sample does not. This is in agreement with the observations from XRD analysis where few impurity phases observed in the as-made powder cause a weak magnetic response. Upon calcination, the material is converted to a desired hexaferrite phase with better magnetic properties.
  •  
39.
  • Baykal, A., et al. (author)
  • Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer-Encapsulated Iron and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles
  • 2012
  • In: JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 25:5, s. 1541-1549
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper, a series of iron (Fe) containing nanoparticles were prepared by employing PAMAM (Poly(amidoamine), dendrimers with different generations (G0-G3) as templates and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The products have been characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, TGA, and XPS. XRD analysis reveal low crystallinity of formed particles within the dendrimers, however, crystallinity of the nanoparticles was observed to increase with increasing generation of dendrimers. Dominant phases were determined as magnetite (Fe3O4 or maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3). XPS analysis revealed the chemical composition of nanoparticles as iron oxide which indicated the oxidation of Fe species subsequent to the reduction process, in agreement with XRD analysis. The magnetization curves have superparamagnetic nonhysteretic characteristic at lower fields and with nonsaturation characteristic at high fields. Magnetic evaluation of samples with the 20:1 molar ratio of Fe:PAMAM showed decreasing superparamagnetic character and decreasing saturation magnetisation with increasing generation of dendrimers.
  •  
40.
  • Baykal, Abdulhadi, et al. (author)
  • Synthesis and Characterization of High Catalytic Activity Magnetic Fe3O4 Supported Pd Nanocatalyst
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 26:1, s. 165-171
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study reports the fabrication and characterization of magnetically recyclable catalysts of Fe3O4-Pd nanocomposite as highly effective catalysts for reduction reactions in liquid phase. The characterization of Fe3O4-Pd MRCs were done by X-ray powder diffraction, A +/- nfrared spectroscopy, thermal analyzer, transmission electron spectroscopy, A +/- nductively coupled plasma, UV-Vis spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The reduction of Pd2+ was accomplished with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of FeCI(3)a <...6H(2)O and FeCl(2)a <...4H(2)O. Thus formed Fe3O4-Pd MRCs showed a very high activity in reduction reactions of 4-nitro-aniline and 1,3-di-nitrobenzene in liquid phase. Magnetic character of this system allowed recovery and multiple use without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
  •  
41.
  • Baykal, A., et al. (author)
  • Synthesis and characterization of PEG-Sr hexaferrite by sol-gel conversion
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 25:6, s. 2003-2008
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Sr-M-type hexagonal ferrites have been prepared via a sol-gel route, and the effects of addition of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the sol solutions on the static magnetic properties and particle morphology have been studied. Crystalline phases of the samples were determined by XRD analysis. FT-IR and TG analyses were used to prove the presence of PEG on SrFe12O19. The results showed that adding PEG with different molecular weight into the sol solutions affected the formation mechanism of SrFe12O19. Sr-M precursors prepared by various PEG types show different magnetic behaviors after precalcination at 150 degrees C. This discrepancy is explained by the formation of a different phase during the synthesis of SrM particles.
  •  
42.
  • Baykal, A., et al. (author)
  • Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Properties of BaFe10(Mn2+Zn2+Zn2+)O-19 Hexaferrite
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 29:1, s. 199-205
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Barium hexaferrite with nominal chemical composition BaMnZn2Fe10O19 has been synthesized by sol-gel method, using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a template. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used for approving the formation of barium hexaferrites. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to investigate the structural and morphological properties of BaM. The dielectric properties were studied by impedance measurements as a function of frequency (in the range 0.1 Hz-1 MHz). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of single-phase magnetoplumbite with crystallite size around 73 nm. The results of dielectric parameters and conductivity measurements showed three regions with different behaviors in electrical conduction mechanism.
  •  
43.
  • Baykal, A., et al. (author)
  • Triethylene Glycol Stabilized CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 25:6, s. 1879-1892
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on the synthesis and detailed composition, thermal, micro-structural, ac-dc conductivity performance and dielectric permittivity characterization of triethylene glycol (TREG) stabilized CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles synthesized by polyol method. XRD analysis confirmed the inorganic phase as CoFe 2O 4 with high phase purity. Microstructure analysis with TEM revealed well separated, spherical nanoparticles in the order of 6 nm, which is also confirmed by X-ray line profile fitting. FT-IR analysis confirms that TREG is successfully coated on the surface of nanoparticles. Overall conductivity of nanocomposite is approximately two magnitudes lower than that of TREG with increase in temperature. The ac conductivity showed a temperature dependent behavior at low frequencies and temperature independent behavior at high frequencies which is an indication of ionic conductivity. The dc conductivity of the nanocomposites and pure TREG are found to obey the Ar- rhenius plot with dc activation energies of 0.258 eV and 0.132 eV, respectively. Analysis of dielectric permittivity functions suggests that ionic and polymer segmental motions are strongly coupled in the nanocomposite. TREG stabilized CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles has lower ε and ε than that of pure TREG due to the doping of cobalt. As the temperature increases, the frequency at which (ε ) reaches a maximum shifted towards higher frequencies. On the other hand, the activation energy of TREG for relaxation process was found to be 0.952 eV which indicates the predominance of electronic conduction due to the chemical nature of TREG. Contrarily, no maximum peak of tan ÎŽ was observed for the nanocomposite due to the being out of temperature and frequency range applied in the study.
  •  
44.
  • Benhouria, Y., et al. (author)
  • Dielectric Properties and Hysteresis Loops of a Ferroelectric Nanoparticle System Described by the Transverse Ising Model
  • 2014
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 27:9, s. 2153-2162
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this work, we use the effective field theory based on the probability distribution method to investigate the longitudinal and transverse polarizations, susceptibility, pyroelectric coefficient, and the hysteresis behavior of a ferroelectric cubic nanowire. The effects of the core-shell exchange interaction and the core-shell transverse fields on the longitudinal and transverse polarizations, the susceptibility, the pyroelectric coefficient, and the hysteresis loops of the system are examined. Some characteristic phenomena are found in the thermal variations, depending on the physical parameters in the shell and in the core.
  •  
45.
  • Benhouria, Y., et al. (author)
  • Dynamic Magnetic Properties of a Mixed Spin Ising Double-Walled Ferromagnetic Nanotubes : A Dynamic Monte Carlo Study
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 30:3, s. 839-844
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Using the dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, the dynamic critical temperature of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) is studied within the kinetic Ising model under the presence of a time-dependent oscillating external magnetic and crystal fields with mixed spins S (A) = 1 and S (B) = 3/2. The effects of the time-dependent oscillating external magnetic field, the period of the oscillating magnetic field, and the crystal field on the thermal behavior of the dynamic sub-lattice order parameters and the total dynamic order parameter, total dynamical magnetic susceptibility, dynamical specific heat, and dynamic hysteresis of a DWNTs are studied. Our theoretical predictions may be a reference for future experiment studies of the nanostructures.
  •  
46.
  • Benhouria, Y., et al. (author)
  • Examination of the Magnetic Properties of the Triangular Type Mixed spin-(1/2,1) Nanowire
  • 2020
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : SPRINGER. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 33:3, s. 817-824
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the presence of the crystal field D/J(Core) and the external magnetic field h/J(Core), using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on the heat bath algorithm and the effective field theory (EFT), the triangular mixed spin nanowire model consisting of a spin-(1/2) core which is encircled by a spin-1 ferrimagnetic surface shell is studied. We have studied the special effects of the core surface and crystal field on the critical and compensation temperatures. Several properties, such as the magnetization, hysteresis behaviors, coercive field, and remanent magnetizations are studied. For the appropriate values of the system parameters, the compensation point and multi-loops are found PACS 05.50. + q; 77.80. Bh.
  •  
47.
  • Benhouria, Y., et al. (author)
  • Monte Carlo Study of Long-Range Interactions of a Ferroelectric Bilayer with Antiferroelectric Interfacial Coupling
  • 2013
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 26:10, s. 3075-3083
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • By the use of Monte Carlo simulation, we have studied the critical behavior of a ferroelectric bilayer with antiferroelectric interfacial coupling using the transverse spin- Ising model. We discuss the effects of long-range interactions for the internal energy, specific heat, free energy, dielectric susceptibility, and polarization. The dependence of the Curie temperature on the thickness of the bilayer, long-range interactions, and the transverse field was also investigated. It is assumed that the long-range interaction decays with the distance between the pseudo-spins as a power law.
  •  
48.
  • Bouhou, S., et al. (author)
  • Magnetic Properties of a Transverse Ising Nanoparticle
  • 2015
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 28:3, s. 885-890
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We use the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique to investigate the magnetic properties of an antiferromagnetic Ising core/shell nanoparticle with a negative interlayer coupling core/shell in the presence of both the longitudinal and the transverse fields. Nearest-neighbor pair interactions are incorporated between the Ising spins in three parts that are core, core/shell, and surface shell. The effects of the external and the transverse fields and the exchange interactions between core/shell and in surface shell on the hysteresis loops and the susceptibility of the nanoparticle are examined. A number of interesting phenomena have been found.
  •  
49.
  • Bouhou, S., et al. (author)
  • Magnetic Properties of Diluted Magnetic Nanowire
  • 2013
  • In: J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939. ; 26:1, s. 201-211
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A magnetic diluted nanowire with cylindrical structure described by the Ising model is investigated. Using the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique, the influence of the dilution on the phase diagrams, susceptibility and the hysteresis loops are discussed in detail. Novel features are obtained for the thermal variations of longitudinal susceptibility and longitudinal magnetization. We have investigated the magnetic reversal of the system and have found the existence of triple hysteresis loops patterns, affected by the concentration of magnetic atoms, the temperature, and the exchange interaction between the core and the surface shell.
  •  
50.
  • Buyanova, Irina, et al. (author)
  • Spin dynamics in ZnO-based materials
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - New York, USA : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 23:1, s. 161-165
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this work, we address the issue of spin relaxation and its relevance to spin detection in ZnO-based materials, by spin-polarized, time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopy. We have found that spin relaxation is very fast, i.e. about 100 ps for donor bound excitons in wurtzite ZnO, despite of a weak spin–orbit interaction. We also reveal that alloying of ZnO with Cd enhances spin relaxation, prohibiting ZnCdO/ZnO structures for efficient optical spin detection. On the other hand, a variation in strain field induced by lattice mismatch with substrates does not seem to lead to a noticeable change in spin relaxation. The observed fast spin relaxation, together with the limitation imposed by the band structure, are thus identified as the two most important factors that limit the efficiency of optical spin detection in the studied ZnO-based materials.
  •  
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